Quendel-leaved mountain mint
| Quendel-leaved mountain mint | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At the natural site, Bijela gora on the Jastrebica in the Orjen Mountains, 1500 m |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Clinopodium thymifolium | ||||||||||||
| ( Scop. ) Kuntze |
The Quendelblättrige mountain mint ( Clinopodium thymifolium mentioned), also Thymianblättrige rock lip or Slowenische mountain mint, is a plant from the genus of calamintha ( Clinopodium ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). This species is rich in essential oils and is used in folk medicine and cooking.
description
_detail_Flower_Bijela_gora_Mt_Orjen_Montenegro.jpg)
Vegetative characteristics
The quendel-leaved mountain mint grows as a perennial subshrub and usually reaches heights of 20 to 40 (15 to 50) centimeters. The lower area of the shoot axes and the rhizome are woody. The plant parts are extremely aromatic. The species has numerous, practically hairless, stem axes and is little to strongly branched. The shoot axes are dense, upright, bush-shaped and break easily. The stem axis is square, blunt and shiny.
The opposite leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The distinct petiole is 5 to 6, rarely up to 7 millimeters long. The washed-out green, entire or bluntly toothed leaf blade is elliptical to ovoid with a length of 5 to 20 millimeters. The underside of the leaf is glandular-dotted.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from (July) August to September (October). The loosely standing pseudopeared inflorescence consists of composite pseudo whorls with 5 to 10 flowers each, there are 10 to 30 flowers on short stems.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The calyx has 13 nerves that protrude strongly, it is usually 3 millimeters long, tubular, smooth or with attached hair, glandular-dotted. It is two-lipped with two short triangular and uniform calyx teeth that are six times shorter than the calyx tube. The white corolla tube is 4 to 5 millimeters long; the upper lip 2 to 3 mm long, straight or short incised, whitish or light purple; the lower lip is three-lobed, bent downwards with a purple pattern on a white background.
The partial fruits are egg-shaped, 0.8 to 1, rarely up to 1.2 millimeters long and 0.4 to 0.5 millimeters wide and narrowed at their tip to a blunt beak.
Chemotaxonomic Characteristics
Clinopodium thymifolium is a plant rich in essential oils with a share of more than 0.5% . These are assigned a pharmacological effect. The oils are dominated by oxidized monoterpenes of the menthane type: including piperitenone oxides, pulegone , piperitenone. Sesquiterpenes have lower proportions . The characteristic, pleasant scent of the whorleaved bermint comes from the monoterpene ketones, which are represented with 33% pulegone, 26% piperitenone, 11% piperiton and 5% isomenthone . In addition, small amounts of β-caryophyllene and limonene .
Occurrence
The common mountain mint has its main distribution area in the karst coastal countries of the Dinarides , as well as disjoint in Hungary. It is an Illyrian floral element . It grows mainly in carts and between rocks. In addition, there are dense populations in the serpentinite mountains of western Serbia and eastern Bosnia . Their height amplitude ranges from canyon-like habitats at altitudes of about 30 meters ( Neretva Gorge) to snowy altitudes of almost 2000 meters. According to R. Govaerts 2003 it occurs in Italy and in the former Yugoslavia.
Taxonomy
It was first described in 1772 by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli under the name ( Basionym ) Satureja thymifolia Scop. in the Flora Carniolica , Volume 2. The new combination to Clinopodium thymifolium (Scop.) Kuntze was published in 1891 by Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze .
Until 2005 the mountain mint was scientifically referred to as Micromeria thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch . On the basis of molecular genetic analyzes, some species that had previously been included in Micromeria were placed after Clinopodium .
According to R. Govaerts 2003 it is a hybrid, Clinopodium nepeta × Clinopodium rupestre and also has the synonym × Clinomicromeria hostii (Caruel) Govaerts . In addition to the above, another synonym is Micromeria rupestris (Wulfen) Benth.
use
The plant parts have a pleasant and intense aroma and can be prepared as tea . The spring mint is used to flavor hearty dishes.
As a garden plant, it is suitable for the Mediterranean rock garden or the Alpinum . It is a good bee plant and gives off an intense scent.
Phytopharmacology
The essential oils of Quendelblättrigen Calamint have in laboratory tests to be effective against numerous fungi such as Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus ochraceus , Cladosporium cladosporioides , tricinctum Fusarium , Trichoderma viride , ochrochloron Penicillium and Phomopsis helianthi and bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus , Escherichia coli , Enterococcus faecalis and subtilis Bacillus .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c C. Bräuchler, O. Ryding, G. Heubl: The genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae), a synoptical update. In: Willdenowia , Volume 38, 2008, pp. 363-410. [1] Here pp. 400–403
- ↑ Theodor CH Cole: Dictionary of Foods - Dictionary of Foods. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2010. ISBN 978-3-8274-1992-7 , p. 192
- ↑ Violeta Slavkovska, M. Coulandis, S. Bojović, O. Tzakou, M. Pavlović Branislava Lakušić: Essential oil and is systematic significance in species Micromeria Benth. from Serbia and Montenegro. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 255, 2005, pp. 1-15. (PDF)
- ↑ a b c d Čedomil Šilić 1990: Endemične biljke . Priroda Jugoslavije, Volume 4, 3rd edition, Svjetlost, Sarajevo. ISBN 86-01-02557-9 , p. 106.
- ^ A b Oleg Polunin: Flowers of Greece and the Balkans . Oxford University Press, New York 1980, ISBN 0-19-281998-4 . Here p. 404
- ↑ Violeta Slavkovska, M. Coulandis, S. Bojović, O. Tzakou, M. Pavlović, Branislava Lakušić 2005: Essential oil and ist systematic significance in species Micromeria Benth. from Serbia and Montenegro. P. 10
- ↑ B. Marinković, PD Marin, J. Knezević-Vukcević, MD Soković, D. Brkić: Activity of Essential Oils of Three Micromeria Species (Lamiaceae) Against Micromycetes and Bacteria. In: Phytotherapie Research , Volume 16, 2002, pp. 336-339. (PDF) Here p. 337
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Clinopodium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 4, 2019.
- ↑ Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze: Revisio generum plantarum: vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum. , Volume 2, Leipzig 1891, p. 516. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ C. Bräuchler, H. Meimberg, G. Heubl: New names in Old World Clinopodium - the transfer of the species of Micromeria sect. Pseudomelissa to Clinopodium. In: Taxon , Volume 55, 2006, pp. 977-981.
- ↑ Allice le Duc: Essential Guide to Savory. In: Henry Flower & Sarah Holland (Eds.) 2015: Essential Guide of Savory - The Herb of the Year 2015. The Herb Society of America. (PDF) ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Here p. 11
- ↑ B. Marinković, PD Marin, J. Knezević-Vukcević, MD Soković, D. Brkić: Activity of Essential Oils of Three Micromeria Species (Lamiaceae) Against Micromycetes and Bacteria. In: Phytotherapie Research , Volume 16, 2002, pp. 336-339. (PDF) Here pp. 338–339
