Framework plan Stuttgart 21

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Urban development Stuttgart 21

The Stuttgart 21 master plan is an urban development concept for a 100 hectare railway area in the center of Stuttgart , which is to be developed in terms of urban planning in the coming decades. The master plan was developed in 1997 by the Stuttgart City Planning Office on the basis of an urban design by Trojan, Trojan + Neu . It represents the main features of urban planning and only becomes legally binding in the course of the land-use planning . The implementation of the plan began in 2002 with the development of the Europaviertel and will not be completed until the Stuttgart 21 project has been completed.

requirements

Idea sketch, feasibility study, preliminary project

The architect Meinhard von Gerkan , together with Charles de Picciotto and Schlaich Bergermann und Partner, on behalf of the Deutsche Bundesbahn in 1993, developed a design for the one eight-track through station at the main station. This should be built at a depth of around 8 m across the existing facilities. The urban planning concept commissioned at the same time envisaged a straight, approximately 2.2 km long and approximately 70 m wide connection between the main train station and Rosensteinpark, which was designated as Avenue 21 . On both sides of this, around 99 hectares of new areas should be gained for development.

The project was officially presented to the public on April 18, 1994.

When the feasibility study was presented , Deutsche Bahn announced on January 16, 1995 that it would sell the 85 hectares of railroad operation areas no longer needed by Stuttgart 21 in tranches over a period of 30 years . Initially, 63 hectares of building land were planned. The estimated value of the space was included in the calculation with a discount of 30 percent.

On November 7, 1995, the results of the so-called preliminary project were presented. The feasibility study and preliminary project contain fundamental statements on urban development, which formed the basis for the framework agreement and the framework plan for Stuttgart 21.

In the course of the feasibility study, the specialist group “Framework conception and urban development opportunities” was formed as one of five specialist groups that were supposed to develop specifications. On the basis of the concept developed in this way, six architecture and planning offices were initially invited to prepare further reports.

Framework agreement

On November 30, 1995, the municipal council of the state capital Stuttgart passed a resolution on the framework agreement of November 7, 1995. This is aimed at the urban development of centrally located track areas, some of which have already been given up or are to be given up after the Stuttgart 21 project has been completed. In the framework agreement, the city of Stuttgart committed itself to legal planning stipulations that provide for the construction of apartments for at least 11,000 inhabitants and enable at least 24,000 jobs, especially in the service sector. The city had also committed itself to adopting a master plan by June 30, 1997 at the latest, which would enable the areas to be activated in stages.

The city should therefore buy the land in 1999.

Acquisition of the land

In 1999, the City Council of Stuttgart decided to acquire three areas (behind the main train station and along the Gäubahntrasse). In February 2001, a decision was made to acquire the track areas at the main train station. In spring 2000 it was already known that the city would buy land for 830 million DM.

At the end of July 2001, representatives from the state, regional association, city and DB signed a supplementary agreement to the framework agreement of 1995. In this agreement, the city of Stuttgart committed itself to acquire more than 90 hectares of land for 830 million DM in the same year. This should ensure the profitability of the project. According to its own statements, the city accommodated the DB by accepting interest losses, assuming water management risks and accommodating it even with contaminated sites. After the agreement was concluded, a further DM 427 million was to be invested in planning the project, which would extend to Ulm.

On December 5, 2001, the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bahn AG approved the sale of 90 hectares of railway site to the city of Stuttgart. This included the track areas from the main train station and the parking station, the inner north station and the Gäubahntrasse to Österfeld. With the sales proceeds of 830 million DM, which were discounted over the construction period, the railway was supposed to cover a little more than half of its own contribution to Stuttgart 21 of 3 billion DM planned at that time.

On December 21, 2001, the state capital Stuttgart acquired almost the entire area freed up by Stuttgart 21 (areas A2, A3, B, C and D) with a total area of ​​109 hectares for 897.7 million DM (459 million euros) from Deutsche Bahn . The purchase price consisted of the above 830 million DM and 67.7 million DM interest, as the payment was made more than two years later than agreed with Deutsche Bahn. In return, Deutsche Bahn undertook to contribute 17.03 million euros to excavation and "terrain modeling" and 14.83 million euros to the removal of contaminated sites. These amounts were due on December 31, 2001. The real estate transfer tax amounted to 16.06 million euros.

The city transferred the purchase price for the largest real estate deal in its history by the end of the year. The property became the property of the City of Stuttgart at the turn of the year 2001/2002. In the event of an exit from the Stuttgart 21 project or the new Wendlingen – Ulm line , the deal should be reversed. In this case, the city of Stuttgart would have received the purchase price plus interest back.

Also on December 21, 2001, the city acquired the 22 hectare site of the Cannstatter freight yard, which was designated as sub-area B 1 , from the DB for 89.45 million DM (45.7 million euros). A new residential area was to be built there, which would have served as the Olympic Village for the 2012 Summer Olympics . The DB should contribute to the disposal of contaminated sites and waste with 5.11 million euros each.

Both deals were funded from the sale of energy stocks. In addition, the city sold inner-city areas that it had acquired from the Reichsbahn in the 1920s after the main train station had been moved back 250 meters.

With the acquisition of the Stuttgart 21 space, as requested by Deutsche Bahn, the city took on the marketing risk for the space and expected to sell it for 2.2 billion DM by 2020. Apartments for up to 11,000 people and around 24,000 jobs were to be built on a construction area of ​​1.4 million square meters. At that time, the commissioning of Stuttgart 21 was planned for 2013, the majority of the space was to be transferred to the city in 2015. The C1 area was to be handed over to the city in stages from 2003 to 2012.

With capital privatization and the founding of Deutsche Bahn AG on January 5, 1994, the land was transferred from the property of the Deutsche Bundesbahn to the assets of Deutsche Bahn AG as land required for the railways.

Interest for delay in payment

In return for more than DM 60 million in interest, the city enforced that the transfer of the majority of the areas by December 31, 2010 was agreed in the purchase agreement. In turn, it can demand fines for delays. In mid-2001 the city assumed that the land would be handed over in 2015, which would have resulted in more than 172 million DM.

The city of Stuttgart will waive default interest of 21.2 million per year between 2010 and 2020. It intends to raise this interest from 2021 until the purchased land is available. The city estimates that it will take up to five years to clear the area. According to the financial mayor of Stuttgart Michael Föll, the penalty interest rate that is due in the event of a late handover of the space is four percentage points above the base rate of 0.12 percent (as of June 2012). With a proportionate purchase price of 380 million euros, the city's claim amounts to around 15 million euros per year.

Planning area

Construction fields in the Europaviertel
City library on Mailänder Platz , one year before opening (September 2010)
The Pariser Höfe and the Sparkassenakademie (right) during construction (August 2012)
Construction work on the Milaneo (July 2013)
Shell construction of the light rail tubes for the planned expansion of the U12 (August 2013)

Sub-area A

Area A, in dense development, is to be used for services, retail, culture and special uses and - especially in the vicinity of the palace garden - also for apartments. Individual uses should not be dominated, the proportion of living space should be at least 20%. The visual and climate axes are based on the urban environment. The axis of the extended Königstrasse, along the south wing of the station, which was demolished in 2012, is to be retained.

Area A1

The A1 sub-area, known as the Europaviertel, covers an area of ​​16 hectares. It is bounded to the west by Heilbronner Strasse, to the north by Wolframstrasse and to the east by the current railway facilities. It comprises 15 building plots with a total area of ​​90,883 m². 26,101 m² are allocated to a shopping center, 3,200 m² to the city ​​library on Mailänder Platz . The floor area is given as 465,000 m².

Marketing by DB Immobiliengesellschaft began in 1997. In September 1997, the first three building sites (6, 8 and 9) for the Galeria Ventuno project were sold to Mediconsult AG (Düsseldorf). An architectural competition was prepared for this project in spring 1998. In a restricted competition, seven offices were drafted planning reports. The drafts were drawn up between April and September 1998. 30 experts evaluated the submitted work. The design by the Düsseldorf architects Rhode, Kellermann, Wawrowsky was declared the winner.

At the end of 1997, the City Council of Stuttgart decided to build the new city library (at that time still under the project name Library 21 ) on the A1 site. In August 1998, the dismantling of the tracks and a total of 32 buildings began. In addition to the railway operations buildings, storage and shipping halls were also removed.

In 1998 the three southern building plots were sold to the Landesbank Baden-Württemberg, the development plan was approved and an urban development contract was signed. The Lord Mayor of Stuttgart, Wolfgang Schuster, described the remaining areas at the end of 2001 as "a bargaining chip". While Deutsche Bahn was interested in marketing it as quickly as possible, the city believes that the fallow land should be released for development after the final decision in favor of Stuttgart 21.

In 1999 around half of the building sites were sold. Fields 4, 5, 7 and 12 to 15 were still open. From 1999 to 2002, the north (around Mailänder Platz) and south (around Pariser Platz) sub-areas were initially to be developed. At the same time, the Landesbank Baden-Württemberg building was to be built on Pariser Platz (construction site 14). All other building plots (4, 11 to 13) were initially intended to be used as logistics and construction site facilities and then, from 2004, building on.

The area has been built on since spring 2002. The development plan classifies the area as a core area that allows development for trade, services, culture and living. With the exception of Moskauer Straße, all streets and squares in the area are designated as pedestrian zones. The architect Boris Podrecca has been commissioned to design the public space.

The office building of Landesbank Baden-Württemberg with the City Tower on construction fields 1 to 3 and the Südleasing office building on construction field 14, both of which are located on Pariser Platz, as well as the city ​​library on Mailänder Platz completed in 2011 on the construction field, have already been completed 10.1.

A hotel (construction field 7) on Mailänder Platz, the Milaneo shopping center with shops, rental apartments, offices and restaurants (construction fields 6, 8 and 9), the Sparkassenakademie (construction field 11), the Europe Plaza with shops, Offices and restaurants (construction site 10.2) as well as the Pariser Höfe with apartments and offices (construction site 13) on Stockholmer Platz. Plots 4, 5, 12 and 15 have not yet been sold and are being marketed by Deutsche Bahn.

The architect and city planner Holger Pump-Uhlmann fears that the ECE project “Quartier am Mailänder Platz”, which is to be built on area A1 and includes a shopping center, will increase private traffic .

The foundation stone for the Milaneo was laid on September 28, 2012 . The 550 million euro shopping center opened in October 2014. The building contains more than 200 shops and restaurants, 417 rental apartments, a hotel with 160 rooms and offices.

The wagonload road tunnel, which was largely built in 2014, serves as a logistical access tunnel for the Europaviertel.

Area A2

The 13 hectare sub-area A2 is located between the Europaviertel and the Middle Schlossgarten and includes today's track area. After completion of the new main station, it will be built for apartments, services and trade. The current height difference between the track entrance and Cannstatter Straße will be adjusted.

According to the planning status from spring 1999, the areas should be dismantled from 2008 and built on from 2010.

The city of Stuttgart acquired the area in December 2001 for 212.188 million euros. Early plans included setting up the Olympic Village in the area of ​​the parking area in the event of a successful application for the 2012 or 2016 Summer Olympics . From around 2001 the area of ​​the former freight yard in Bad Cannstatt was planned.

Sub-area A3

Subarea A3 comprised an area of ​​two hectares, which is located immediately north of the planned main train station. In this area, a northern station building to the north of the station was planned for a time. The sub-area has since been integrated into area A2 (as of 2012).

The city of Stuttgart acquired the area in December 2001 for 17.895 million euros.

Sub-area B and post area

Sub -area B, known as Rosensteinviertel (partly also called area B1 ), is 48 hectares in size. It connects to the A2 area to the north and is delimited by the Untere Schlossgarten , Rosensteinpark and Rosensteinstrasse. Today the area is used for track systems and the parking station, plus the area of ​​the former parcel post office. 20 hectares of the area are to be added to the existing parks.

High-quality residential developments, “modern forms of living and working” and special uses are to be located on the site of today's parking station. A structure with green corridors should create different quarters with an independent character; spatial and functional design should avoid social segregation. The final design of the area is to take place in a competitive process. Large retail projects are not envisaged.

At the southern end of the sub-area, independent public use is planned in close relation to the development of area A2, a museum, a festival hall or an eco-casino are named as examples. Mixed uses are to be created on the border with the Nordbahnhof district.

The area was acquired by the city of Stuttgart in 2001 for 90.499 million euros. Its market value was put at 200 million euros at the end of 2010.

A 4.5 hectare area of ​​the former parcel post office is also assigned to area B, which also includes an area of ​​around 2000 square meters on Ehmannstrasse. This area has not yet been acquired by the city of Stuttgart (as of 2012).

Sub-area C

Subarea C, known as the northern quarter (sometimes also called C1 ), is 32 hectares in size and is bounded in the north by track areas, in the east by the existing Nordbahnhof district, in the south by the Pragfriedhof , by the Löwentorzentrum in the west and the Prague tunnel in the northwest. Today there are tracks of the north station , part of the area was dismantled by DB in 2004. Subarea C has been owned by the state capital Stuttgart since December 2001.

The current route of the Gäubahn is to be converted into a green strip that will structure the area.

Sub-area C1

Subarea C1, located between Pragfriedhof and Gäubahn, covers 13 hectares and can already be built on. It is mainly intended for residential development. It should be clearly connected to the Löwentorzentrum by means of designed transitions.

The area was to be handed over to the city in stages from 2003 to 2012. In the land use plan 2010, the area is classified as a mixed construction area and redevelopment area with suspected contaminated sites . A new vocational school center for the 3,000 students of the Hedwig-Dohm-Schule and the Hauswirtschaftliche Schule Ost (East Home Economics School) has been built on the site and was opened in December 2013.

The city of Stuttgart acquired the area in December 2001 for 55.731 million euros. The tracks in this area were dismantled in 2004.

Sub-area C2

Subarea C2 covers 10 hectares and can only be built upon after Stuttgart 21 has been completed. It serves as a logistics area during the construction phase.

The master plan provides for predominantly mixed uses with central functions for the area. The sub-area C2.1 is 4 hectares in size. Since it is still required for the overground S-Bahn route from the north station to the main station in this area, the sub-area cannot be used for urban development. The sub-area C2.2 between Pragtunnel and Heilbronner Straße is characterized by steep embankments and track systems, it can only be developed after completion of the construction work in the course of Stuttgart 21. The master plan provides for mixed uses with central functions.

The city of Stuttgart acquired the area in December 2001 for 42.949 million euros.

Sub-area D

The Gäubahntrasse is referred to as sub-area D. Use for cycling and hiking trails was (as of 1998) planned. The area covers 38 hectares. It extends from the southern edge of the C2 area to Stuttgart-Österfeld .

The city of Stuttgart acquired the area in December 2001 for 5.113 million euros. A newspaper report speaks of 14 million euros.

Sub-area E

Subarea E includes the former Westbahnhof on the Gäubahn. Commercial use was planned in this area in 1998. The total area of ​​seven hectares is now used as a commercial area. It was not part of the 2001 sales contract.

Development steps

Urban planning study 1995

The Stuttgart 21 feasibility study from 1995 assumed that up to 92 hectares of gross building land could be expected in the 104.5 hectare planning area. Six draft proposals from architects, which the city of Stuttgart commissioned at its own expense, provided for the creation of floor areas between 960,000 and 1,650,000 m². The city decided to base the further planning on 1.4 million square meters.

Cooperative appraisal procedure 1996

Between 1994 and 1996, extensive criticism of the city's lack of communication regarding the urban planning aspects of the Stuttgart 21 project was loud. Up until then, urban development communication had largely been shaped by a model by the architects von Gerkan, Marg and Partner , favored by Deutsche Bahn .

Ten offices took part in an appraisal procedure initiated in April 1996 for the overall urban planning concept planned in the course of Stuttgart. In three colloquia, the offices discussed their designs among themselves and with an expert commission chaired by Egbert Kossak . In mid-1996, until October 16, 1996, the ten designs were exhibited in Stuttgart City Hall. The models were on a scale of 1: 2500, with the area adjacent to the main train station being reproduced on a scale of 1: 500. The designs by Jean François Jodry ( Paris ), Trojan, Trojan and Neu ( Darmstadt ) and Klein + Breucha ( Stuttgart ) were singled out.

Framework plan 1997

On the basis of the draft by Trojan, Trojan + Neu, the Stuttgart City Planning Office worked out a draft outline plan by the end of January 1997, which was approved by the municipal council on February 18, 1997 as the basis for public participation.

Open public participation in 1997

The procedure of open public participation was first used in Stuttgart for such large-scale projects in Germany.

From March to June 1997, 400 citizens formulated after 13,000 hours of voluntary work, formulated around 900 concrete suggestions for improvement, which, according to Deutsche Bahn, were partially incorporated into the urban development framework plan.

Resolution 1997

The Stuttgart 21 master plan was passed on July 24, 1997 by the municipal council of the state capital Stuttgart with a three-quarters majority.

In 2001 and 2003, when the development plans for sub-area A1 came into force, building rights were granted.

Update 2003–2005

After the state capital Stuttgart had acquired a large part of the railway area, an urban development competition for the area north of Wolframstrasse was launched on November 1, 2003 under the working title "RosensteinViertel", which was determined solely by the city's urban planning requirements. The competition had to be interrupted because of alternative investigations to the location of the Stuttgart Clinic. The work of the Pesch & Partner office, in collaboration with Prof. Henri Bava, landscape architects, was awarded 1st prize on April 22, 2005 and was used as the basis for further planning. The master plan will be updated accordingly.

After the space was originally intended to be used for residential and commercial buildings, the planning was updated and specified in the course of the implementation competition. 20 hectares are to be used for the expansion of the palace garden , while living space for around 11,000 people and jobs for around 24,000 people are to be created in the remaining space. Among other things, a new central library in Stuttgart, the city ​​library on Mailänder Platz , was built in area A1 .

Around half of the 16-hectare area on the site of today's main train station had been sold by mid-2010.

Land use plan 2010

In the land use plan 2010, a use concept based on the master plan for the areas of sub-areas A, B and C has been laid down. The plan pursues the goal of gradual settlement and does not expect any incompatible effects on existing usage structures. He emphasizes the possibility of upgrading existing city quarters and internal development , the land use could be reduced. A total of 62 hectares of previously planned building areas in the outdoor area were therefore deleted from the zoning plan.

Further development

At the end of November 2010, Heiner Geißler , who was entrusted with the arbitration of the Stuttgart 21 project, suggested transferring the land freed up by the project to a foundation. Their goals should include maintaining a fresh air corridor through the Stuttgart city center and an attractive development of the remaining areas.

The city of Stuttgart will waive default interest of 21.2 million per year between 2010 and 2020. It intends to raise this interest from 2021 until the purchased land is available. The city estimates that it will take up to five years to clear the area.

criticism

Fritz Leonhardt criticized the approach of covering large parts of the project costs with real estate income. The requirement to create 24,000 jobs and apartments for 11,000 people leads to dense, yield-optimized block developments. Social and cultural infrastructure are not taken into account in the planning.

The engineers against Stuttgart 21 complain:

  • In general, at the planning status in March 2018, there were considerable doubts about the successful implementation of the Stuttgart 21 project.
  • The track area could only be dismantled and used for other purposes after a subsequent de-dedication; this disapproval is still legally controversial.
  • The area that may become free through the project is shown exaggerated. Approx. 1 / 3 of the area has been or will regardless of free, including 30% - 50% of the area of the shunting station, the European quarter on the grounds of the former goods station discontinued and the Postareal with the surfaces of the discontinued package Post Office.

literature

  • Framework plan Stuttgart 21 (PDF; 4.2 MB) Stuttgart city planning office. July 31, 1997. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  • Stuckenbrock, Uwe (2013): The "Stuttgart 21" project at a glance. In: Brettschneider, Frank, Schuster, Wolfgang (eds.) (2013): Stuttgart 21. A major project between protest and acceptance. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, pp. 15-76.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z master plan Stuttgart 21 (PDF; 4.2 MB) Stuttgart city planning office. July 31, 1997. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b source-missing
  3. ^ Association of German Architects u. a. (Ed.): Renaissance of the railway stations. The city in the 21st century . Vieweg Verlag , 1996, ISBN 3-528-08139-2 , pp. 156-163.
  4. ^ Armin Käfer: Experts: The underground train station in Stuttgart can be built . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . January 17, 1995.
  5. ↑ Armin Käfer, Thomas Spengler, Uwe Vorkötter, Achim Wörner : "That doesn't make us grow gray hair yet" . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . October 19, 1997, p. 28 .
  6. ^ A b Hansmartin Bruckmann: Ideas workshop, religious wars, colloquia . In: TurmForum Stuttgart 21 e. V. (Ed.): The Stuttgart Project 21. Book accompanying the exhibition at TurmForum Stuttgart 21 , pp. 96–101.
  7. ↑ a b c d e Michael Ohnewald : City pays 830 million for Stuttgart 21 . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . July 7, 2001, p. 25 .
  8. ↑ a b c d e Jörg Nauke: Millions for railway grounds . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . November 17, 2001, p. 27 .
  9. ↑ Jörg Nauke: Did you reach the pain limit? In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . April 11, 2000, p. 21 .
  10. ↑ Michael Ohnewald : Contractual partners get Stuttgart 21 off the siding . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . July 25, 2001, p. 19 .
  11. ^ Mathias Bury: Stuttgart21: Bahn rejects criticism . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . December 6, 2001, p. 23 .
  12. ^ A b c d e f g Mathias Bury: "Historical Dimension" . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . December 22, 2001, p. 24 .
  13. ↑ a b c Dankwart Guratzsch: Stuttgart is buying a city center - and doing without new debts . In: The world . tape 52 , no. 8 , January 10, 2002, ISSN  0173-8437 , p. 16 ( online ).
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g State capital Stuttgart (ed.): "What does the" urban development opportunity "cost? Transparent figures on property deals near Stuttgart 21. Answer to the municipal council inquiry 306/2011 of October 26, 2011 (6 pages).
  15. ↑ Manfred Rommel : The discussion has only just begun . In: Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart (Ed.): Stuttgart 21: Drafts for the new city . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1996, ISBN 3-421-03219-X , pp. 3–7.
  16. ↑ a b Jörg Nauke, Thomas Braun: The railway cannot afford additional costs . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . February 26, 2013, p. 20 ( stuttgarter-zeitung.de ).
  17. ↑ Jörg Nauke, Thomas Braun: Land confirms time delay at the underground station . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . No. 148 , June 29, 2013, p. 23 ( online ).
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h H. Dieterle: Stuttgart 21 - A project of the century on the way to realization . In: Tiefbau , 9/1998, pp. 614–620 PDF file ( Memento from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
  19. ↑ a b DB Services Immobilien GmbH (Ed.): Stuttgart 21 . Brochure, Stuttgart, approx. 2007.
  20. ↑ The first address . In: Stuttgart 21. The project magazine . Spring 2002 edition, March 2002, ZDB -ID 1500833-2 , p. 5.
  21. ↑ a b c d The right mix . In: Stuttgart 21. The project magazine . Spring 1998 edition, 2nd edition, August 1998, ZDB -ID 1500833-2 , p. 2 f.
  22. ↑ »A unique opportunity ...« . In: Stuttgart 21. The project magazine . Spring 1998 edition, 2nd edition, August 1998, ZDB -ID 1500833-2 , p. 8.
  23. ↑ a b c d In stages to success . In: Stuttgart 21. The project magazine . Spring 1999 edition, 1st edition, March 1999, ZDB -ID 1500833-2 , p. 6 f.
  24. ↑ Ingo Blank: "Review: Big construction site, good business?" ( Memento of August 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), on the Plusminus website, accessed on October 21, 2010.
  25. ↑ Christoph von Schwanenflug / Dagmar Lange: "Stuttgart 21: ECE Foundation defends itself against allegations" , Immobilien Zeitung of October 12, 2010, accessed on October 21, 2010.
  26. ↑ Hildegund Oßwald: Advance praise for the major Milaneo project . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , September 29, 2012, p. 21. (similar version online ).
  27. ↑ Without a source
  28. ↑ Caroline Leibfritz: Milaneo scores with design and environmental aspects . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . March 26, 2013, p. 20 ( stuttgarter-zeitung.de ).
  29. ↑ Space for spaces . In: Stuttgart 21. The project magazine . Spring 1999 edition, 1st edition, March 1999, ZDB -ID 1500833-2 , p. 4 f.
  30. ↑ a b c d The urban development of the areas A2 - D . Deutsche Bahn AG. January 20, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  31. ↑ a b Jörg Nauke: Post wants to keep its Stuttgart 21 site . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , June 2, 2012, p. 21 ( online ).
  32. ↑ Stuttgart 21 / sub-area C1 . State capital Stuttgart, Office for Urban Planning and Urban Renewal. Retrieved on November 23, 2010.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / gis.stuttgart.de  
  33. ↑ Katharina Sorg: 3,000 vocational school students are moving . Stuttgart newspaper . June 25, 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
  34. ^ Inauguration of the vocational school center Report on the website of the Hedwig-Dohm-Schule
  35. ↑ a b Konstantin Schwarz: Bahn wants to outsource 21 additional costs to Stuttgart . In: Stuttgarter Nachrichten (online edition), September 13, 2011, p. 15 ( online ).
  36. ^ Deutsche Bahn AG, network division, Stuttgart regional area, projects (ed.): Project »Stuttgart 21«. The feasibility study . Brochure (40 A4 pages), Stuttgart, approx. 1995, pp. 5, 8, 16 f., 20-25, 32 f., 36 f, (similar version as PDF file online, 14 MB).
  37. ↑ a b Stuttgart 21 . In: Bauwelt , year 1996, issue 31/32, p. 1752 f.
  38. ↑ Meinhard von Gerkan : Renaissance of the railway stations as the nucleus of urban development . In: Renaissance of the railway stations. The city in the 21st century . Vieweg Verlag , 1996, ISBN 3-528-08139-2 , pp. 16-63, especially p. 58.
  39. ↑ Richard Reschl, Dorothee Schäfer: Critical and creative - citizens build their future . In: TurmForum Stuttgart 21 e. V. (Ed.): Das Projekt Stuttgart 21. Book accompanying the exhibition in TurmForum Stuttgart 21 , pp. 102–105.
  40. ↑ A thousand good ideas . In: Stuttgart 21. The project magazine . Fall 1997, 3rd edition July 1998, ZDB -ID 1500833-2 , p. 8.
  41. ↑ A calculation that works. The financing of the Stuttgart 21 . In: TurmForum Stuttgart 21 e. V. (Ed.): The Stuttgart project 21. Book accompanying the exhibition in the TurmForum Stuttgart 21 , p. 38 f.
  42. ^ Deutsche Bahn AG: Another milestone in the new Stuttgart – Ulm building project . Press release from June 13, 2007.
  43. ↑ Bahn is looking for buyers . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , June 15, 2010.
  44. ↑ a b c d Land use plan 2010 State capital Stuttgart: Text and explanatory report (PDF; 3.8 MB) State capital Stuttgart, Office for Urban Planning and Urban Renewal. 2004. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
  45. ↑ Stuttgart 21 PLUS (PDF file; 82 kB). November 30, 2010, p. 12 f.
  46. ^ Fritz Leonhardt : Thoughts on Stuttgart 21 . In: Baukultur , issue 2/1998, p. 10 f.
  47. ^ Engineers against Stuttgart 21: The '100 hectare' fairy tale. In: ingenieure22.de/. March 23, 2018, accessed April 1, 2019 .