Rhoicissus

Rhoicissus
	Rhoicissus tomentosa
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
Order :	Grapevine-like (vitales)
Family :	Grapevines (Vitaceae)
Subfamily :	Vitoideae
Genre :	Rhoicissus
Scientific name
	Rhoicissus
	Planch.

Rhoicissus is a genus of plants within the grapevine family(Vitaceae). The twelve or so species arewidespreadin tropical and southern Africa . Rhoicissus rhomboidea is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens as well as rooms.

description

Fruits of Rhoicissus rhomboidea .

Appearance and leaves

In rhoicissus TYPES is mostly evergreen, little to more woody plants that are rarely independently upright as shrubs with creeping branches or mostly climbing as lianas grow. There are mostly shoot tendrils that are opposite the leaves, often in the axes of the inflorescences.

The alternate leaves arranged on the stem axis are mostly divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. Depending on the species, the leaf blade is simple, three-part or rarely five-fold palmate. The leaf sections can be stalked. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated differently. There are mostly stipules present.

Inflorescences and flowers

The more or less dense, zymous , thyrsoid inflorescences standing opposite the leaves, often above inflorescence shafts , usually contain many flowers.

The relatively small flowers are usually five, rarely up to seven and are radial symmetry with a double flower envelope . The mostly five bald sepals are cup-shaped overgrown over more or less their entire length. The usually five free petals are more or less thickened and fleshy at least at their upper ends. The whole- edged nectar disc develops from the base of the ovary in which it is embedded. There is only the inner circle of stamens with mostly five fertile, identical, free stamens . The anthers curve over the gynoeceum . The two carpels are an above-permanent, two-chambered ovary grown. There are only two ovules per ovary chamber . The slender, clearly visible stylus have a scar that is hardly wider than the stylus.

Fruits and seeds

The berries usually contain only one or two, rarely up to four seeds. The seeds have a more or less distinct longitudinal furrow. The seed coat is wrinkled or smooth depending on the species.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Rhoicissus was established in 1887 by Jules Émile Planchon in Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de Candolle and Anne Casimir Pyramus de Candolle : Monographiae Phanerogamarum , Volume 5, pp. 320, 463. The lectotype species was Rhoicissus capensis (Burm. F.) Planch in 1953 . by Karl Suessenguth in Adolf Engler and Carl Prantl : The natural plant families , 2nd edition, 20d, p. 329. The generic name Rhoicissus derives either from the Latin word rhoicus for "from Rhus" or perhaps from the Greek word rhoia for pomegranate and cissus for Ivy off.

The genus Rhoicissus belongs to the subfamily Vitoideae within the Vitaceae family .

The wide natural range of the genus Rhoicissus includes tropical and southern Africa widely. Ten species are also found in South Africa and are listed in the Red List of South African Plants.

There are about twelve Rhoicissus species:

Rhoicissus digitata (Lf) Gilg & M.Brandt (Syn .: Cissus thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh. , Rhoicissus cirrhiflora (Lf) Gilg & M.Brandt ): It is common in Mozambique , Swaziland and South Africa. For South Africa it is rated as “Least Concern” = “not endangered” and occurs there in the provinces of Eastern Cape , Western Cape , KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga . It thrives at altitudes between 0 and 600 meters.

Rhoicissus kougabergensis Retief & Van Jaarsv. : This rare endemic occurs only in the Kouga Mountains, near the Kougadamm in the Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. This area is under-explored and only one population is known, but there could be several. It thrives in subtropical thickets on craggy sandstone slopes that are dominatedby Portulacaria afra . The population is considered stable because it is protected in the nature reserve.

Rhoicissus laetans Retief : This rare species occurs in the "Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve and Penge" in the border area of the South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga . It thrives in montane grasslands or in wooded, rugged gorges, and occasionally in ravine forests. The habitats are largely unchanged in their natural state. The six known stocks are considered stable because they are mainly located in the nature reserve and are therefore protected.

Rhoicissus magalismontana Oberm. : There are no observations on the endangerment in South Africa, as it is a taxonomically problematic species. Nothing is known about the distribution.

Rhoicissus microphylla (Turcz.) Gilg & M.Brandt (Syn .: Cissus unifoliata Harv. , Vitis unifoliata (Harv.) Kuntze ): It occurs only in the South African province of Eastern Cape. At least nine isolated populations are known in the Queenstown, Stutterheim, and Fort Beaufort districts. It is rated as “Least Concern” = “not at risk”. It thrives on grassy mountain slopes. Despite grazing in places, most habitats are hardly subject to changes and so the stocks are considered stable.

Rhoicissus revoilii Planch. (Syn .: Rhoicissus sansibarensis Gilg , Rhoicissus schlechteri Gilg & M. Brandt ): It occurs, for example, in Zimbabwe , Ghana and South Africa. For South Africa it is rated as “Least Concern” = “not endangered” and occurs there in the provinces of Gauteng , KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.

Rhoicissus rhomboidea (E. Mey. Ex Harv.) Planch. (Syn .: Cissus rhomboidea E.Mey. Ex Harv. ): For South Africa it is rated as “Least Concern” = “not endangered” and occurs there in the provinces of Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga. It is used as an ornamental plant and, like some other species from the Vitaceae family, it is also called royal wine or diamond-leaved Klimme.

Rhoicissus sekhukhuniensis Retief, Siebert & AEvan Wyk : It occurs only in the northern South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga. For South Africa it is rated as “Least Concern” = “not at risk” and its stocks are considered stable.

Rhoicissus sessilifolia Retief : It occurs only in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. Its holdings are considered stable and are rated as “Least Concern” = “not at risk”.

Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam.) Wild & RBDrumm. : It comes from the Cape Peninsula and Table Mountain along a narrow strip of the coast to the northeast to the Eastern Cape and northern KwaZulu-Natal and then inland through Mpumalanga to the Limpopo province to Zimbabwe and Malawi . It almost only thrives on or in forests and ravines and grows over bushes and trees. For South Africa it is rated as “Least Concern” = “not at risk”.

Rhoicissus tridentata (Lf) Wild & RBDrumm. : It is common in tropical and southern Africa. For South Africa it is rated as “Least Concern” = “not endangered” and occurs there with two subspecies in the Eastern Cape, North Cape , Northwest , Free State , Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga:

Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Urton
Rhoicissus tridentata (Lf) Wild & RBDrumm. subsp. tridentata

Hybrids:

Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam.) Wild & RBDrumm. × Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Urton : A natural hybrid in South Africa.

Three-part foliage of Rhoicissus rhomboidea

use

Rhoicissus rhomboidea is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens as well as rooms. There are elite forms such as the 'Ellen Danica' variety. Also rhoicissus tomentosa is used as an ornamental plant.

swell

H. Wild & RB Drummond: Rhoicissus - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 2, 1966 - Vitaceae . (Section description)
Anna Trias-Blasi, John AN Parnell & Trevor R. Hodkinson: Multi-gene Region Phylogenetic Analysis of the Grape Family (Vitaceae) , In: Systematic Botany , Volume 37, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 941-950. doi : 10.1600 / 036364412X656437 (sections description and systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e H. Wild & RB Drummond: Rhoicissus - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 2, 1966 - Vitaceae .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Rhoicissus at Flora of Mozambique .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Rhoicissus at Flora of Zimbabwe .
^ ^A ^b Anna Trias-Blasi, John AN Parnell & Trevor R. Hodkinson: Multi-gene Region Phylogenetic Analysis of the Grape Family (Vitaceae) , In: Systematic Botany , Volume 37, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 941-950. doi : 10.1600 / 036364412X656437
^ Rhoicissus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 11, 2013.
^ Rhoicissus on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
^ ^A ^b D. Raimondo, L. von Staden, W. Foden, JE Victor, NA Helme, RC Turner, DA Kamundi & PA Manyama, 2009: Entry in the Red List of South African Plants of the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI . last accessed on July 11, 2013
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images. Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 , Rhoicissus therein page 765

Web links

Commons : Rhoicissus - collection of images, videos and audio files

African Plant Database from CJB.