Rudolf Vomáčka

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Rudolf Vomáčka (in the baptismal register Womáčka ; born April 16, 1847 in Mšeno , German Wemschen , Kingdom of Bohemia , Austrian Empire ; † August 12, 1926 in Prague , Czechoslovakia ) was a leading Czech construction clerk , master builder and architect of historicism and monument conservator in Bohemia .

Life

family

Rudolf Vomáčka was born as the son of the citizen and shoemaker Ján Womacka and his wife Barbora Cerna, daughter of a master builder in the Central Bohemian town of Mšeno in Mělník (German Melnik ) born. He was married to Anna Kutílková (born August 4, 1844, † November 17, 1920), a teacher's daughter from Schützendorf near Přibyslav (German Primislau ). His sons Jaroslav and Rudolf (Vincenc) jun. (* May 21, 1882 in Leitomischl ) also worked as architects. He is buried with his wife in the Wolschaner cemetery in Prague.

Professional career

Vomáčka studied civil engineering at the Royal Bohemian Polytechnic Institute in Prague, which later became the Czech Technical University in Prague . In 1874 he was appointed as a construction trainee as "Construction Adjunct for the State Service in Bohemia" and thus entered the public service of the Kingdom of Bohemia.

After an interim position as adjunct in Königgrätz and Kk district engineer in Leitomischl, he became a building officer at the Lieutenancy in Prague in 1889 ; Most recently he was head of the technical department for structural engineering with the title and character of a Kk Oberbaurat. In 1899 he became vice-president of the “Commission for the holding of the second state examination in building construction” of the Bohemian Technical University in Prague.

From 1900 Vomáčka belonged to the Central Commission for the Research and Conservation of Art and Historical Monuments (the later Central Commission for Monument Preservation ) based in Vienna, whose members acted as conservators in the areas of the Austrian half of the Danube Monarchy. Vomáčka was successively responsible for the district authorities Hořowitz , Kralowitz , Rakonitz and Schlan as well as Kamenitz an der Linde , Mühlhausen , Pilgram and Tabor . In 1902 he was appointed to the committee as an experienced conservator, which was supposed to investigate the resistance that had arisen against the painting of the renovated Karlštejn Castle .

In 1911 he took a leave of absence from service, but continued to work on numerous commissions and committees for building planning and monument preservation, and as a freelance architect.

Works and buildings

Rudolf Vomáčka's professional competence and his job-related official decision-making powers in the planning and approval process of building projects made him an influential co-designer of public and sacred architecture in Bohemia in the last decades of the Danube Monarchy.

Official work

During his activity in Leitomischl he was already involved in the structural and historical documentation of the Protestant church in Horní Čermná (German Obertscherma , temporarily also Ober Böhmisch-Rothwasser ) in the Eagle Mountains, as well as the planning of the new building that was carried out by master bricklayer Ondřej Seifert from Landskron in 1884 Rectory involved, and he also accompanied and commented on the planning of the new building of the Protestant church in Pusté Rybné near Zwittau (German Wüst Rybny ; today Pustá Rybná ). Already from Prague in 1897 he carried out the renovation and "regotization" of the parish church of the Assumption in Charvatce near Leitmeritz . There is also evidence of direct influence on the planning for the Evangelical Church in Opolany (German Groß Opolan ) near Poděbrady (German Podiebrad ) and the structural development of the Church of St. Martin in Dolní Újezd ​​(German Unteraujesd ) near Zwittau.

Street in the Albertov university district in Prague

Vomáčka's influences can also be seen in the urban development of the capital Prague at the turn of the 20th century, especially with a view to the expansion of the Albertov campus in Prague's New Town as a result of the division of the university into a Czech and a German one in 1882, the planning of which was Rudolf Vomáčka (together with August Kožíška and Bohumil Novotný) was largely responsible. In 1901 he planned the Czech and German parts of the complex (e.g. the "Czech" Chemical and Natural Science Institute and the "German" Physiological and Hygiene Institute) in a historical interpretation of the project as a reflection of the Czech-German schism in different architectural styles. By the end of the First World War , two thirds of the projects planned by Vomáčka had been completed. The art historian Michaela Marek characterized him as a "technician" and a representative of conservative architecture.

Own buildings

The clearest evidence of Rudolf Vomáčka's independent architectural work are the secular and especially the sacred buildings that he designed and built as an architect. Examples of the former are the neo-baroque building of the Czech teacher training institute (today the Základní Škola Kamená Stezka ) in Kutná Hora (German Kuttenberg ) from 1905-1907, designed together with Sylvestr Schapka , for the latter the neo-Gothic churches of St. Michael the Archangel in Oloví (German Bleistadt ) in Falkenau an der Eger from 1901 to 1902 and St. Prokop in Nýřany (German Nürschan ) in Pilsen from 1903 to 1904, the neo-Romanesque St. Procopius church in Prague's Braník from 1900 to 1904 and the Assumption in Grunta (German reason ) at Kutná Hora from 1905–1908 (probably together with his son Jaroslav), finally the 1909–1911 together with his son Rudolf jun. built the neo-Gothic cemetery chapel of St. Prokop in Charvatce, where he had previously renovated and redesigned the parish church (see above).

Architecture by Rudolf Vomáčka

  • Former Czech teacher training institute in Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)

  • Church of St. Michael the Archangel in Oloví

  • Church of St. Prokop in Nýřany (Nürschan)

  • Church of St. Prokop in Prague-Braník

  • Church of the Assumption in Grunta (Grund)

  • Interior of the church in Grunta (Art Nouveau frescoes by František Urban )

  • St. Prokop's cemetery chapel in Charvatce

Awards

literature

  • Vladimír Prokop, Lukáš Smola: Biografický slovník sokolovského regionu [Biographical dictionary of the Falkenau region]. Fornica Publishing, Sokolov 2009, p. 316. ISBN 978-80-87194-09-6
  • Pavel Vlček et al .: Encyklopedie architektů, stavitelů, zedníků a kamíků v Čechách [Encyclopedia of Architects, Builders, Masons and Stonemasons in Bohemia] . Vydala Academia, Praha 2004, p. 700. ISBN 80-200-0969-8 (keyword: Vomáčka Jaroslav, Vomáčka Rudolf - autoři projektu kostela Nanebevzetí Panny Marie v Gruntě [author of the project Church of the Assumption in Grunta])

Web links

  • Rudolf Vomáčka in the database of the Středočeská vědecká knihovna v Kladně [Central Bohemian Academic Library in Kladno] (Czech; accessed on January 1, 2019)
  • Rudolf Vomáčka on the website of his hometown Mšeno (Czech; accessed on January 1, 2019)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kniha Pokřtěných [baptismal register] z města Litomyšle od roku 1881-1888 , fol. 36
  2. ↑ Proof with a picture of the tombstone (accessed on January 1, 2019)
  3. ↑ Bohemia. An entertainment paper no. 210 BC. August 2, 1874, p. 5
  4. ↑ Bellmann's yearbook for Bohemia. Carl Bellmann Publishing House, Prague 1904, p. 148
  5. ^ Hochschul-Nachrichten (Vienna), Volumes 10-12, 1900, p. 61
  6. ↑ Petr Sládeček: Novorenesanční Kostely v Čechách a na Moravě [neo-Renaissance churches in Bohemia and Moravia]. Diss. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, Katolická teologická fakulta, 2015, p. 60
  7. ↑ Petr Sládeček, p. 61
  8. ↑ Bohumil Matějka: Památek historických a uměleckých v politeckém okresu Roudnickém [Historical and artistic monuments in the political district of Raundnitz]. Part 1, Prague 1898, pp. 97-100
  9. ↑ Petr Sládeček, pp. 61, 110
  10. ↑ Karolína Juzová: Nejvýznamnější sakrální dominanty obce Dolní Újezd [The most important sacred dominants in Niederaujesd]. Thesis. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Faculty pedagogická, Katedra dějepisu, 2007, pp. 33–40
  11. ↑ S. on the history of the building, the detailed descriptions in the digital encyclopedia Prahy 2 under the title Univerzitní areál Albertov [The University Area Albertov] and in the description of the Vyšehrad district under the title Vědecká líheň na pražském Albertově [Scientific hotbed in Prague Albertov.] ; accessed on January 1, 2019)
  12. ↑ Michaela Marek: University as a 'monument' and political issue. The representative buildings of the Prague universities 1900–1935 and the political conflict between 'conservative' and 'modern' architecture. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2001 (publications by Collegium Carolinum, 95), p. 106
  13. ↑ On the history of the school (Czech; accessed January 1, 2019)
  14. ↑ See Vlček et al. (Literature)
  15. ^ Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Grunta on the website of the town of Kutná Hora (accessed on January 11, 2019)
  16. ↑ Entry by Rudolf Vomáčka ml. (= Jun.) In the Czech network of architects (accessed on January 1, 2019)
personal data
SURNAME Vomáčka, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czech construction officer, architect and preservationist
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Mšeno , Kingdom of Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH August 12, 1926
Place of death Prague