Grunta

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Grunta
Coat of arms of ????
Grunta (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Středočeský kraj
District : Kolín
Area : 80 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 58 '  N , 15 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 58 '27 "  N , 15 ° 15' 18"  E
Height: 242  m nm
Residents : 83 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 280 02
License plate : S.
traffic
Street: Kutná Hora - Libenice
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Aleš Šibrava (as of 2019)
Address: Grunta 42
280 02 Grunta
Municipality number: 599450
Website : www.grunta.cz
Church of the Assumption

Grunta ( German  Grund ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic. It is located three kilometers north of the city center of Kutná Hora and belongs to the Okres Kolín . The village was one of the centers of the medieval mining industry around Kuttenberg.

geography

Grunta is located in a basin on the Kutnohorská plošina ( Kuttenberg plateau ). To the east rises the Kaňk (353 m nm), in the southeast of the Sukov (336 m nm), south of the Velký Kuklík (356 m nm) and in the southwest of the Malý Kuklík (359 m nm). The village is surrounded by green slag heaps from the former silver smelter and heaps from the old mine.

Neighboring towns are Libenice in the north, Skalka in the northeast, Kaňk in the east, Sedlec and Šipší in the southeast, Hlouška, Žižkov and Přítoky in the south, Miskovice and Suchdol in the southwest, Hořany in the west and Dolany, Čertovka and Hluboký Důl in the northwest.

history

The mountain patch of Grund was probably created by German miners in the middle of the 13th century in the corridors of the village of Libenice, which belongs to the Cistercian monastery Sedletz . They had explored a rich silver ore deposit in the area and dug the first pits. In the 1270s, the Grund mining industry flourished, and around 300 miners had built their houses on the Kuklík hill . During this time, a parish church dedicated to the Visitation of the Virgin Mary was built in Grund for the miners from Kuttenberg and Grund . According to tradition, King Ottokar II. Přemysl is said to have ridden Gutglück in 1278 before the battle on the Marchfeld and recruited soldiers, whereupon 500 miners joined him. As a result, most of the German miners left the area and mining came to a standstill. At the beginning of King Wenceslas II's reign, new tunnels leading to silver ore were found in Grund and on the Kaňk , Špicberk and Malín, mining experienced a new boom.

The first written mention of the mountain settlement "Vallis Beatae Mariae" ( Marienthal ) was made in a contract document dated May 13, 1305, in which the Kuttenberg citizens, Niklas Pirkner, Johann von Rosenthal and Ratmír Čáslavský, who were mining at the church , also sent four fields to Heinrich Grosch Citizens in Kuttenberg, left to create a new tunnel - the Gutglück Erbstolln. In other documents from this time the settlement Vallis s. Marie , Vallis Virginis , Údolí , Důl Panny Marie or Mariánské údolí . The ore obtained was processed and smelted in the ground. The operators of the silver smelter, in which, in addition to the ores from Gutglück, ores from other Kuttenberg mining areas, especially from the corridor, were smelted from Kuttenberg ore buyers ( erckaféř ). The bellows were operated with horse power, and the water from the Gutglück Stolln was also used. In the middle of the 14th century, the German names Grunth or Grunth were used in Mariae , later only Grunth or Grund . The last pastor in Grund was mentioned in 1384. Later the parish was abolished and the church became a branch church of the parish Kuttenberg. In 1396 King Wenceslas IV bought the village of Grunth for life. After the monastery was destroyed by the Hussites , various nobles changed hands after 1422, including Erkinger von Seinsheim , Bohuš Kostka von Postupitz and Johann the Elder. Ä. Trčka from Lípa as the owner of Grunth . The first and most productive period of good luck mining ended in the 15th century.

In 1540, the significant Kuttenberg patrician family Smíškový von Vrchoviště acquired the estate and the Libenice farm and the village of Grund . They made Libenice their seat and henceforth called themselves Libenický von Vrchoviště. King Rudolf II bought the village in 1593 and gave it to the Kolín Chamberlain . In 1611, the new King Matthias II gave the rule to Kolín Wenzel Graf Kinsky as a thank you for helping him overthrow his brother Rudolf II. Not included was Libenice, which Matthias II passed on to his captain Martin Wilhein von Wustenow. He left the land to Mikuláš Dačický von Heslov . As a result of the renewed cessation of mining, reason was largely abandoned; in 1612 a great fire destroyed the village consisting of a hooker ( potažník ) and five quarter wages ( podsedek ). Matthias II. Bought basic 1,616 back. In the period after the Battle of the White Mountain , the Kuttenberg Jesuits took over the care of the church in Grund. In 1628, Grund was joined to the Podebrady Chamber together with the Kolín Chamberlain . In the berní rula from 1654 a farmer and five Podsedeken are listed. In 1762 the Church of the Virgin Mary became a branch church of the parish.

When house numbering was introduced in 1777, Grund consisted of eleven houses. On the basis of the Josephinian tolerance patent , 24 residents declared themselves to the Helvetic denomination in 1782 , their parish was in Močovice . In 1798 the village had 86 inhabitants. The Czech place name Grunta has been used since the transition from the 18th to the 19th century . Although the church was basically endowed with a rich fund, nothing was done to maintain it. The neglected repairs led to the collapse of the desolate structure, which then had to be demolished up to the tower. Between 1815 and 1818 Emperor Franz I had a burial chapel with sacristy and the preserved church tower built on the site of the previous church; The tombstones of the Časlau district chief Jan Libenický from Vrchoviště to Libenice and Jeníkov († 1589) and Anna von Libenice († 1596) were transferred from the old church .

In 1843 the rustic village of Grunta in the Kauřim district consisted of 18 houses in which 156 people, including four Protestant and one Jewish family, lived. There was a mortuary chapel and an inn in the village. The parish and school location was Gang , the official location was Kaisersdorf . In March 1845 mining ended at Grunta. Until the middle of the 19th century, Grunta remained subject to Kolin.

After the abolition of patrimonial Grunta formed from 1849 a district of the municipality Libenice in the judicial district Kolin . Since then, the inhabitants of the villages of Grunta, Čertovka, Dolany, Hořany and Libenice have applied for the rebuilding of the church in Grunta and the establishment of a parish without success. From 1868 the village belonged to the Kolin District . In 1869 Grunta had 145 inhabitants and consisted of 21 houses. The Grunta church affair was finally heard from Bishop Eduard Jan Brynych ; On August 1, 1900, he had a pastor installed in Grunta. In 1901 the new representative rectory was completed. The assets of the Grunder Church Fund at that time amounted to 250,000 Austrian guilders. In 1900 there were 141 people in Grunta, in 1910 there were 140. Between 1905 and 1908 the construction of the new Church of the Assumption, financed from the church fund, took place. In 1919 the district road to Kutná Hora was laid on a gravel road, it was not paved until 1966. In 1928 the village was electrified. In 1930 Grunta had 115 inhabitants and consisted of 32 houses. In 1949 the rectory and the church's property were confiscated. Until the beginning of the 1950s, pilgrimages took place in Grunta during the Visitation of the Virgin Mary , the pilgrimages took place from Kaňk, and earlier also from Starý Kolín . At the beginning of 1992, Grunta broke away from Libenice and formed its own municipality. In the 2001 census, 86 people lived in the 38 houses in Grunta.

Mining in the Gutglücker Revier

A total of around 100,000 ore were mined at Gutglück. In the area there were 200–250 mostly small pits, which as a rule reached maximum depths of up to 80 m. Only in the richest eruptions were quarries down to a depth of 100–120 m, in isolated cases down to 150–180 m.

The first and most productive period of Gutglücker mining began in the middle of the 13th century and ended in the 15th century, during which time 80% of the total silver yield was made and the Gutglück Erbstolln was completed. Mining was resumed in the middle of the 16th century and the old pits were restored. The second mining period ended before the Thirty Years' War because the mines were unprofitable. At the end of the 18th century the third mining period began on Gutglück, during which the exploration of new silver ore deposits was accelerated. The rather haphazard approach only resulted in an investigation of a small part of the deposit and ended in failure. In 1845 the mining of Grund was finally stopped.

Attractions

  • Pseudo-Romanesque church of the Assumption of Mary, built from 1905–1908 from Horschitz sandstone according to plans by Rudolf and Jaroslav Vomáčka . Compared to the original plans, which provided for a mighty building in the style of a basilica, a smaller shape was implemented. The art nouveau paintings were created by the painter couple František Urban and Marie Urbanová-Zahradnická. One of the stained glass windows is dedicated to Jan Kubelík , who as the owner of the Kolín manor was entitled to the patronage rights. The interior was designed by Josef Kastner and Kamil Hilbert . The organ is the work of the organ building workshop Mölzer from Kutná Hora. The church received fragments of the skull of St. Procopius of Sázava . The construction costs were borne by the Grunder church fund. The three Renaissance tombstones of Lord Libenický from Vrchoviště and a bell cast in the second half of the 15th century by Ondřej Ptáček from Kutná Hora were taken over from the previous building. The consecration took place on May 24, 1914 by Bishop Josef Doubrava . The later President Antonín Zápotocký worked as a stonemason in building the church. After the communists came to power in 1949, the church fund was made public property. The church was later looted and the furniture sold, the relic disappeared.
  • Former rectory, the neo-renaissance building built between 1900 and 1901 now serves as a farmhouse.
  • Gutglück Erbstolln ( Kuklická dědičná štola ), the two-kilometer-long tunnel is one of the oldest mountain buildings in the Kuttenberg district and, in addition to drainage, also served to control the weather in the pits on the Kuklík. It leads from Grunta under the Kuklík to the Vlčí hory. Its actual mouth was 50 m above Grunta and is now covered, it forms a well in the village and feeds the pond in the center of the village.
  • Slag heaps from the 14th-16th centuries Century, they extend mainly south of the village in terraces ring-shaped around the road to Kutná Hora and in the localities Na Škvarách and Na Obci. In the 19th century, the dumps estimated at 100,000–120,000 tonnes of slag were z. Part used for road and path construction. Today they are covered with about 1 m of agricultural soil.
  • Northern circuit of the Silbersteig educational trail ( Stříbrná stezka - severní okruh ), it leads to the memorial of the miners' uprising on the passage via Grunta to the Halden and Pingen in the northeastern part of Gutglück

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Obec Grunta: Územně identifikační registr ČR. In: uir.cz. Retrieved February 27, 2019 (Czech).
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia, vol. 12 Kauřimer Kreis, 1844 p. 233