Golčův Jeníkov

Golčův Jeníkov
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Kraj Vysočina
District :	Havlíčkův Brod
Area :	2749 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 49 ' N , 15 ° 29' E Coordinates: 49 ° 48 '59 " N , 15 ° 28' 37" E
Height:	376 m nm
Residents :	2,673 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	582 82
License plate :	J
traffic
Street:	Čáslav - Habry
Railway connection:	Znojmo – Kolín
structure
Status:	city
Districts:	7th
administration
Mayor :	Pavel Kopecký (as of 2019)
Address:	náměstí TG Masaryka 110 ; 582 82 Golčův Jeníkov
Municipality number:	568635
Website :	www.golcuv-jenikov.cz

Náměstí TG Masaryka

Bell tower

Castle and town of Goltsch-Jenikau, Czaslauer Kreis, re-painted by Joan. Venuto 1824

Golčův Jeníkov (German Goltsch-Jenikau ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located twelve kilometers southeast of Čáslav and belongs to the Okres Havlíčkův Brod .

geography

The city is located in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands on the Váhanka brook or Vohančický potok. Golčův Jeníkov lies on the state road I / 38 between Čáslav and Habry , from which the II / 130 to Ledeč nad Sázavou and the II / 345 to Chotěboř branch off. The Znojmo – Kolín railway runs on the northern outskirts, and the Golčův Jeníkov město station is also located there .

Neighboring towns are Ráj , Chrastice and Stupárovice in the north, Sirákovice and Vrtěšice in the east, Nasavrky and Olšinky in the south, Vohančice , Budka and Římovice in the south-west, Kozohlody in the west and Podmoky in the north-west.

history

In the Middle Ages there were two villages with different manors - Jeníkov and Zábělčice - which grew together in the second half of the 17th century. Since the 20th century, Ráj has also become part of the contiguous development area.

The location of the old village of Jeníkov is either on the south side of the market, where the Church of St. Cross stood or presumed on the southwestern outskirts around the Margarethenkirche. The village of Zábělčice , which belonged to the Wilmzell monastery, was located on the site of the present castle area .

Jeníkov was probably founded in the 10th century. Jhenicow was first mentioned in the Gerlach Chronicle in connection with the celebration of Christmas in 1149 by the Olomouc bishop Heinrich Zdik , who died the following summer. The existence of the village Jennykow is confirmed in the description of the diocese of Prague made between 1344 and 1350 by Bishop Ernst von Pardubitz . A little later Jeníkov passed to secular owners. Between 1359 and 1360 Ješek Talafous is documented as the church patron in Jeníkov; Between 1369 and 1376 Jan Talafous of Říčan exercised the patronage together with his mother Eliška. Jan Talafous, whose seat was the Římovice fortress since 1372 , sold the Římovice estate with the village of Jeníkov in 1376 to Slavata of Chlum , who attached it to his Chlum castle . In the course of the division of the estate with his brothers, Mstich von Chlum received the Římovice estate in 1398. Later the estate was reunited with the Chlum rule and in 1417 it was connected to the Podhořany rule . During the Hussite Wars , the place was a center of the insurgents. From 1461 the Římovice manor again belonged to the Chlum Castle. In the 15th century, the lords of Chlum built the former village into a trading center in competition with the monastic town of Willimow and granted it market rights. Some of its residents were Jewish traders and craftsmen. In 1482 Jeníkov formed a landed estate to which the Římovice estate was attached. Jaroslav Trčka von Lípa († 1569) owned the Jeníkov estate in the middle of the 16th century . In 1580 Albrecht Slavata von Chlum and Koschumberg sold the Jeníkov estate to Wenzel Robenhaupt von Sucha, who had recently become the owner of Zábělčice and combined both estates.

A little later, Johann Libeniczký von Wrchowisst on Libenice acquired the Jeníkov rule, followed by Wratislaw Libeniczký von Wrchowisst († 1598). The next owner of Jeníkov was his son-in-law Heřman von Říčan, he was murdered in 1601 by Zdislav Dobrženský von Dobrženitz . The oldest seal is from 1604; it shows a town hall with a tower surrounded by two chalices and is inscribed with Pecžet Miestis Genikowa . During the Thirty Years' War Jeníkov suffered due to its location on the Haberner Landessteig from troop raids, devastation and looting. In 1618 the troops of General Bucquoy moved through the town on the way from Deutschbrod to Čáslav and camped near Bratčice ; Jeníkov was set on fire. After the Battle of White Mountain , the property of the Lords of Říčan was confiscated. The next owner was Jan Rudolf Trčka from Lípa from 1632 to 1636 . After his property was confiscated, General Feldzeugmeister Martin Maximilian von der Goltz received the Genikow rule with the associated 15 villages as an imperial gift for his services . Von der Goltz transferred the rule to his wife Maria Magdalena Juliana, born in 1638. Opsensively called Roë. In the same year they bought the Nové Vohančice fortress with a farm, the village Římovice with a farm, the village Leškovice with a farm and the villages Kobylí Hlava and Rybníček . In 1639 the Swedes ravaged the town under General Banér . Von der Goltz had the place rebuilt and the town hall built. During this time the double name Goltz-Ienikau was created , from which the name Goltsch-Jenikau / Golčův Jeníkov developed around 1720 . Around 1650 Maria Magdalena von der Goltz also acquired the neighboring Hostačov estate and connected it to Jenikau. In the years 1650 to 1653 a new tower fortress in the early Baroque style was built in Zábělčice next to the old fortress Staré opatství. The ruins of the Kreuzkirche were demolished after 1650. Together with his wife von der Goltz was busy re-catholizing the utraquist residents and in 1652 brought some Jesuits from Kuttenberg to Jenikau, to whom he left the Sirákovice and Spytice estates . From Berni rula shows that the rule Jenikau in 1654 from the town Jenikau and the villages Frýdnava , Kobylí Hlava, Klucké Chvalovice, Kozohlody , Leskovice, Mnichov , Podmoky , Přibyslavice , Rašovice , Řimovice , Rybníček , Skryje , Stupárovice , Vlkaneč and Žandov existed. In 1657 King Leopold I granted the town of des the privilege for two annual markets.

Old castle

New lock

After Baron von der Goltz died in 1653 and his wife died four years later, their nephew Johann Dietrich von Ledebur inherited the property on condition that a bell tower be built and the Jesuit residence be paid 1,000 Rhenish guilders a year. Ledebur bought in 1659 the goods Zvěstovice , Sirákovice and Spytice . After von Ledebur was forced by the Jesuits in 1672 to comply with Goltz's legacy after a 16-year dispute, he immediately sold the rule to Barbara Eusebia Countess Caretto-Millesimo, née Zdiarsky von Zdiar . Her husband Karl Leopold Caretto-Millesimo led the rule to ruin through mismanagement. In 1686 the rule was divided into several estates among his creditors. Karl Leopold's sons only had the town of Jeníkov with the village of Frýdnava and the Radoňov farm . Wenzel Ferdinand Caretto-Millesimo finally sold Jeníkov in 1692 to the Count of Arco , who had already acquired the Vohančice estate in 1686. Jeníkov and Zábělčice were merged into one unit at that time.

In the following years the owners changed often. From 1708 the manor belonged to Peter Straka von Nedabylic , then his son-in-law Freiherr von Schönowetz, then the Dohalský von Dohalice and finally Ambrosius Franz von Virmont . When his widow Maria was registered in the country table as the owner of the Goltsch-Jenikau estate in 1747 , the Hostačov estate was connected to it again. Likewise in 1759, when her son-in-law Anton Corfiz Ulfeldt took over both estates. Later the Hostačov estate was completely merged with Goltsch-Jenikau. In 1766 Ulfeldt sold the Goltsch-Jenikau estate to Philipp Krakovský von Kolowrat († 1773). Between 1774 and 1775, the guardians of his underage son Leopold had the old castle converted into an administrative seat and a tobacco factory built, which existed until 1812. After the abolition of the Jesuit order , Queen Maria Theresa left the former Jesuit property with the Sirákovice and Spytice estates for 20,000 guilders to Leopold Krakovský von Kolowrat in 1775. In the same year, the Neudorf estate and Hüttenhöfel were purchased. Leopold Krakovský von Kolowrat, who took ownership when he came of age in 1782, founded Europe's first needle factory in Goltsch-Jenikau and introduced the cultivation of alfalfa, clover and potatoes. In 1783 the parish church was elevated to the status of a deanery church. On October 21, 1784, half of the city, including the deanery building, the Loretto chapel and the bell tower, were destroyed by fire. In 1787 belonged to the rule Goltz Jenikau and Hostacžow the market town Goltz Jenikau with Wohancžicz and the localities Rag , Kobyly hlava , Chlumek, Rybnicžek , Radionov , Lhota, Nowa Wes , Wokrauhlik, Ržimowitz , Budka, Wlkanecž , Stuparowitz , Rag , Chrastitz , Hostacžow , Zwiestowicze , Skrey , Křzemen, Spititz , Sirakowicz , Friedenau and Philippshof or Schindloch. In Goltz Jenikau itself there were 144 Christian and 30 Jewish houses.

During the Napoleonic Wars , after the defeat at Ulm at the end of 1805 , Archduke Ferdinand gathered the Austrian reserve army in Goltsch-Jenikau and drove the French and Bavarian troops back from Habern to Iglau . In 1809 a military hospital was set up in Goltsch-Jenikau, where typhus broke out a little later . A military cemetery was therefore created southwest of the city. When the wounded from the battle of Kulm was housed in the hospital in 1813 , another typhus epidemic occurred.

After the death of Colonel Chancellor Leopold Krakovský von Kolowrat, an inheritance dispute broke out in 1809, which lasted until 1817 and brought the town into decline. The needle factory closed and the tobacco factory was relocated to Sedletz near Kuttenberg . In 1817 Kolowrat's daughter, Aloysia von Herberstein-Moltke, finally bought the estate for 1,029 guilders. Otto Freiherrn von Eger, the guardian of their underage son Otto von Herberstein-Moltke , had the tobacco factory converted into the administrative headquarters between 1827 and 1828, during which it was redesigned as the so-called New Palace and was surrounded by an English park. In 1830 he sold the rule to Theresia von Trautmannsdorff , b. Nádasdy . She founded the castle brewery. The old fortress was torn down between 1834 and 1836. In 1838 Friedrich Ritter von Neupauer bought the Goltsch-Jenikau estate. A year later, King Ferdinand V. granted Goltsch-Jenikau the privilege of holding six annual markets, which was named a town in the certificate. Neupauer expanded the rule to include goods from the former Vilémov monastery.

After the abolition of patrimonial Goltsch-Jenikau formed from 1849 a market town in the judicial district of Habern . From 1868 the place belonged to the Časlau district . In 1869 Golčův Jeníkov (including Olšinky and Ráj) had 2996 inhabitants and consisted of 306 houses. In that year the first train of the Austrian Northwest Railway ran on the route from Kolín to Goltsch-Jenikau, in 1870 operations between Deutschbrod and Goltsch-Jenikau began. The synagogue was built in 1871. In 1900 there were 2522 people in Golčův Jeníkov (including Olšinky and Ráj), in 1910 there were 2547. On February 13, 1913, Goltsch-Jenikau was promoted to town. Already in the centuries before, the place had been dubbed a city in documents, although at that time it did not yet have city rights. In 1930 Golčův Jeníkov (including Olšinky and Ráj) had 2289 inhabitants and consisted of 389 houses. Since the territorial reform of 1960, the city has been part of the Okres Havlíčkův Brod . In 1961 Kobylí Hlava, Nasavrky (with Vrtěšice), Podmoky , Ráj and Římovice were incorporated. At the beginning of 1989 Skryje (with Chrastice , Hostačov , Sirákovice and Stupárovice) was incorporated. Podmoky, Skryje, Chrastice and Hostačov broke up again in November 1990. In the 2001 census, there were 2604 people in the 882 houses of the municipality, of which 2195 were in Golčův Jeníkov, Olšinky and Ráj (659 houses), 75 in Kobylí Hlava (52 houses), 84 in Nasavrky (32 houses), 72 in Římovice (35 Houses), 85 in Sirákovice (55 houses), 72 in Stupárovice (32 houses) and 21 in Vrtěšice (17 houses).

City structure

The city of Golčův Jeníkov consists of the districts Golčův Jeníkov ( Goltsch-Jenikau ), Kobylí Hlava ( Kobilihlawa ), Nasavrky ( Nasaberg ), Římovice ( Rzimowitz ), Sirákovice ( Sirakowitz ), Stupárovice ( Stuparowitz ) and Vrtěššice (also called Wrtěšchice ) Form cadastral districts. Basic settlement units are Dolík, Golčův Jeníkov, Kobylí Hlava, Nasavrky, Olšinky I, Olšinky II, Římovice, Sirákovice, Stupárovice and Vrtěšice. Golčův Jeníkov also includes the settlements of Budka, Chlumek, Hajárna, Jezuitský Mlýn, Lucký Mlýn, Ráj , Statek and Vohančice .

Attractions

Deanery church of St. Franziskus, built 1827 - 1829 under Otto von Herberstein in Empire style

Jewish Cemetery

Bell tower, symbol of the city. The first bell tower was built from 1660 to 1665 by Johann Dietrich von Ledebur as part of Goltz's legacy. The landlord Leopold Krakovský von Kolowrat had the current baroque tower built on the foundations of the old tower in 1785.

Old castle, built 1774–1775 for Leopold Krakovský von Kolowrat. After the completion of the New Palace, it lost its function as the administrative seat of the rulers and was converted into a residential building. Today the Na zámku restaurant is located there .

New castle, the building was built in 1774-1775 under Leopold Krakovský von Kolowrat as a tobacco factory and served as a military hospital during the Napoleonic War. Otto von Herberstein had the building converted into the new administrative seat of the lordship between 1827 and 1828. Since then it has been referred to as the New Castle .

synagogue

St. Margarethen cemetery church, it was built in 1905 in place of a previous building from the 13th century, which had been demolished in 1800 and served as a parish church since 1650.

Jesuit residence, the Renaissance building completed in 1657 was Bedřich Bridel's place of work from 1673 to 1880 . In addition, u. a. Stanislav Vydra , Antonín Koniáš , Josef Teichel and Šebestián Šedivý in the residence. After the abolition of the Jesuit order in 1773, the building served as a rectory and later as a deanery building.