Bačkov (Czech Republic)
| Bačkov | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Kraj Vysočina | ||||
| District : | Havlíčkův Brod | ||||
| Area : | 314 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 44 ' N , 15 ° 28' E | ||||
| Height: | 500 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 123 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 582 91 | ||||
| License plate : | J | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Habry - Světlá nad Sázavou | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | František Bárta (as of 2019) | ||||
| Address: | Bačkov 38 582 91 Světlá nad Sázavou |
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| Municipality number: | 546194 | ||||
| Website : | www.backov.cz | ||||
Bačkov (German Baczkow , 1939–45 Batschkow ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located three kilometers southwest of Habry and belongs to the Okres Havlíčkův Brod .
geography
Bačkov is located on the upper reaches of the Bačkovský creek in the Hornosázavská pahorkatina ( hill country on the upper Sázava ). State road II / 347 between Habry and Světlá nad Sázavou runs through the village .
Neighboring towns are Lubno , Kysibl and Malý Mlýnek in the north, Dolní Mlýn, Habry, Na Pekle and Miřátky in the northeast, Nový Dvůr, Proseč and Jiříkov in the east, Kněž and Tis in the southeast, Lesní Dvůr, Zboží in the south, Kunemil , Na Obci and Dolní Dlužiny in the southwest, Ovesná Lhota and Sázavka in the west and Vrbice, Leština u Světlé and Štěpánov in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of Watscow took place in 1307 when the Benedictine monastery Wilmzell acquired the village belonging to Smrdov Castle. The abbot Nicholas left the goods Bačkov and Zboží around 1400 because of a debt to his brother Beneš von Smrdov and his son Václav. In 1414 Mikuláš Lelek was mentioned by Bačkov. During this time a Vladikensitz was probably built , but the village remained part of the Habry monastery . After the monastery was destroyed by the Hussites in 1421, the reigns of Habry and Světlá fell to King Sigismund . After 1429, he left it to Nicholas I Trčka of Lípa , who slammed the goods of his rule Lipnice . After the headquarters was moved to Světlá, Bačkov was part of the Světlá domain. Bačkov became the seat of a judge ( svobodný rychtář ) who administered the villages of Bačkov and Zboží. The oldest evidence of the Baczkow fortress comes from 1458; their owner was Procek von Bačkov, a son of Václav von Smrdov. After the murder of Adam Erdmann Trčka von Lípa, Emperor Ferdinand II confiscated his property and those of his father Jan Rudolf Trčka von Lípa on March 29, 1634 ; the confiscation patent was confirmed in May 1636 by the Reichshofrat in Vienna.
Ferdinand II had the rule of Světlá broken up into landed goods and sold them to his favorites. The Bačkov estate was given to the imperial chamberlain and war councilor Don Aldobrandini . Around 1650 the forest master Albert Beneš Klusák from Kostelec bought the estate. Subsequent owners from 1651 were his son Jan Maxmilián, then his son Jan Václav. The latter bequeathed Bačkov in 1747 to Tereza Amchová from Borovnice, née Klusáková from Kostelec, the wife of Matěj Amcha from Borovnice on Nová Ves. At the end of the 18th century, Johann Hermann von Herrnritt inherited the estate and had a baroque castle built on the foundation walls of the old fortress. In 1787 there was a manor with a small distillery and a brewery in addition to the castle; A windmill stood in the fields behind the 22-house village. From 1809 Anton Ritter von Mosburg owned the estate and sold it to the Viennese merchant Joseph Ullerich. Leopold Limp acquired the estate from him in the 1830s. The windmill went out in 1810.
In 1840, the Bačkow estate, consisting only of the village of the same name, comprised a usable area of 502 yokes, 181 square fathoms , most of which was arable land. The estate formed an enclave in the Habern dominion with the associated estates Tieß and Zboží . The village of Bačkow , located in the Caslauer Kreis , consisted of 40 houses in which 408 people, including a Jewish family, lived. In the village there was an official castle with the administrator's apartment, a dominical farm with a sheep farm, a brewery, a brandy house, a potash boiler, a hunter's house and two inns. A catchy mill lay aside. The rectory was Smrdow . Until the middle of the 19th century, Bačkow remained a national estate.
After the abolition of patrimonial Bačkov formed a municipality in the judicial district of Habern from 1849 . In 1854 the married couple Johann and Antonia Morawec bought the estate for 40,000 Bohemian guilders. From 1868 the municipality belonged to the Časlau district . In 1869 Bačkov had 235 inhabitants and consisted of 43 houses. Johann Morawec sold the Bačkov estate in 1872 for 182,000 Bohemian guilders to Franz Altgraf von Salm-Reifferscheidt-Hainspach on Světlá . After the death of Franz von Salm-Reifferscheidt, the manor fell to his sister Johanna verw. from Thun and Hohenstein to Klösterle and Žehušice , in 1892 her son Joseph Oswald von Thun-Hohenstein-Salm-Reifferscheidt inherited the large estate. In 1900 there were 243 people in Bačkov, in 1910 there were 277. After the death of Joseph Oswald von Thun-Hohenstein-Salm-Reifferscheidt, the Světlá manor in 1913 was transferred to the Prague Bodenbank, which it sold in 1914 to the entrepreneur Richard Moravetz. In 1916, Moravetz attached the Kysibl farm to the Bačkov farm. After the land reform, František Tůma bought the castle and the remainder of the property in 1925. In 1930 Bačkov had 245 inhabitants and consisted of 40 houses. In 1949 the municipality was assigned to the Okres Chotěboř, since the territorial reform of 1960 it has belonged to the Okres Havlíčkův Brod . In 1961 Lubno and Zboží were incorporated . On July 1, 1985, Bačkov was incorporated into Habry . On November 24, 1990, the municipality of Bačkov was created again, but without the districts. At the 2001 census there were 149 people in the 40 houses in Bačkov. The community has had a coat of arms and a banner since 2005.
Bačkov Castle
The late baroque building was built around 1786 for Johann Hermann von Herrnritt. František Tůma, who bought the castle in 1925, was expropriated and relocated in 1948. Then the castle fell into disrepair. After the restitution, small repairs were made in 1993, but they did not stop the decay. The demolition took place in 2011.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Bačkov. The one-layer Malý Mlýnek ( Baczkow Mill ) belongs to Bačkov .
Attractions
- Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk, in the center of the village, built in the 18th century
- Chapel of St. Josef on the way to Zboží, it was built at the beginning of the 19th century
- Obora Castle Park with a pond. In the park there is the tomb for the Prussian lieutenant Viktor Gvasovský of the 4th Pomeranian Infantry Regiment, who died in 1866 during the German War at Bačkov Castle.
- Memorial stone for those who fell in World War I, it was repaired in 2002
literature
- Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 , part 1, p. 550
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/546194/Backov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 11: Caslauer Kreis. Ehrlich, Prague 1843, pp. 223–224.
- ↑ https://www.vets.cz/vpm/22006-pomnik-hrob-viktor-gvasovsky/