Sachsenburg (Frankenberg)

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Sachsenburg
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 28 ″  N , 13 ° 2 ′ 15 ″  E
Residents : 564  (May 2018)
Incorporation : October 1, 1992
Incorporated into: Sachsenburg-Irbersdorf
Postal code : 09669
Area code : 037206
map
Location of Sachsenburg in Frankenberg / Sa.

Sachsenburg is a part of the Sachsenburg / Irbersdorf district of the city of Frankenberg / Sa. in the Saxon district of Central Saxony . The communities Sachsenburg and Irbersdorf merged on October 1, 1992 to form Sachsenburg-Irbersdorf , which was incorporated into Frankenberg on January 1, 1994 as the district of Sachsenburg / Irbersdorf.

geography

Geographical location and traffic

Sachsenburg is located in the northwest of the city of Frankenberg / Sa. The place consists of the actual village Sachsenburg and the settlement Sachsenburg-Schloss around the Sachsenburg castle and the memorial of the Sachsenburg concentration camp . The village of Sachsenburg is located in the center of the Sachsenburg / Irbersdorf district. In the northeast it merges seamlessly into Irbersdorf. Sachsenburg has the shape of a "Y" in terms of development, with the church in the center. The place is located on the southern edge of the Mulde-Lösshügelland ( Saxon Granulite Mountains ). To the west of the village is the 351 m high mountain staircase with the remains of the medieval mountain town of Bleiberg .

South of the village Sachsenburg rises above the east bank of the Zschopau the Sachsenburg Castle with the associated settlement Sachsenburg Castle . The former castle mill, the buildings of the former Sachsenburg concentration camp and the local outdoor pool are located to the west of the castle, directly on the banks of the Zschopau .

Neighboring places

Schönborn becoming three Seifersbach Irbersdorf
Krumbach , Biensdorf Neighboring communities Neudörfchen
Merzdorf Frankenberg / Sa.

history

Local history

Cotton mill and American mill by Franz Schulze with Sachsenburg Castle 1856
Sachsenburg Castle
Spinning Sachsenburg, between 1933 and 1937 as a concentration camp Sachsenburg used

The Lords of Sachsenburg were first mentioned in a document in 1197 with a Heinricus de Sassenberg. Based on archaeological finds, the existence of Sachsenburg Castle around 1210/30 can be proven. The builders were evidently the Lords of Mildenstein . The immediately north of Frankenberg / Sa. Sachsenburg was also created in the second half of the 12th century by the Lords of Mildenstein as a forest hoof village. After the smashing of their rule in connection with the Mildenstein tithe dispute by Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious in 1232, the rule passed into the possession of this Wettiner .

In the Middle Ages, the mountain town of Bleiberg , the remains of which were uncovered during archaeological excavations in recent decades , was located on the staircases , a wooded hill opposite the Sachsenburg . In the years between 1260 and 1288, the mining of silver-bearing lead and copper ores on the stairwell was in full swing, it will have been the heyday of the city. With the decline of the first mining period of silver mining in the 14th century, the mining town was abandoned and fell into oblivion. In the time of the mountain blessing , the Sachsenburg served to protect the mining industry. At the end of this first rich mining era in this region (1364), the Wettins sold the castle to two Döbelner knights.

In 1368 the castle and town of Sachsenburg passed into the possession of the Lords of Schönberg . Caspar von Schönberg († November 1, 1489 or 1491 in Zwickau) had the Sachsenburg in its present form built by the Saxon master builder Hans Reynhart on the remains of the older castle around 1480 (according to dendro ). In 1610 Sachsenburg came with the Sachsenburg office created by the division of inheritance through the sale of the Lords of Schönberg to the Saxon Elector Johann Georg I. From 1610 the castle served as an administrative building for the Saxon Electoral Office Sachsenburg. In addition to Sachsenburg, the Sachsenburg office also included the places Dittersbach , Mühlbach , Neudörfchen and Seifersbach . During the Thirty Years War the first and second outer bailey were destroyed and the castle looted. In 1633 the offices of Frankenberg and Sachsenburg were combined to form the office of Frankenberg-Sachsenburg . Sachsenburg was run as an administrative village in 1764 .

Until 1856 Sachsenburg belonged to the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Frankenberg-Sachsenburg . From 1856 the place belonged to the Frankenberg court office and from 1875 to the Flöha district administration . After Sachsenburg Castle was abandoned as the administrative seat in 1864, it was used as a prison between 1867 and 1926 and then as a primary school home. In 1933 there was a brief protective custody camp here , which was later moved to a spinning mill on the Zschopau (see: Sachsenburg concentration camp ). Since the mid-1930s, it served the NSDAP as the Gauführer School for the Nazi women's union in Saxony. Towards the end of the Second World War, the castle was then used as a bacteriological institute (branch of the Robert Koch Institute ). After the end of the war, Sachsenburg served as a residence for resettlers before a youth work center was set up in 1947 , which existed until 1967. From 1968 onwards, the state-owned Dresden housing estate was in control of the castle, which used the castle as a children's holiday camp and training home.

With the second district reform in the GDR, the municipality of Sachsenburg became part of the Hainichen district in the Chemnitz district (renamed the Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ), which was continued as the Saxon Hainichen district in 1990 and in the Mittweida district in 1994 and in the district in 2008 Central Saxony rose. With the amalgamation of the communities Sachsenburg and Irbersdorf, the community Sachsenburg- Irbersdorf was created on October 1, 1992 , which moved to Frankenberg / Sa was incorporated. Since then, Sachsenburg has been part of the Sachsenburg / Irbersdorf district.

History of mining in Sachsenburg

Building in the open-air museum of the medieval mountain town of Bleiberg

Ore mining began as early as the second half of the 13th century on the stairwell west of Sachsenburg. At that time mining also existed on the other bank of the Zschopau on the Roten Berg near Biensdorf . As a result of intensive mining for silver and copper, the mining town of Bleiberg probably grew to a population of around 1000 people. However, with the decline of the first mining period of silver mining in the 14th century, the settlement was abandoned again and fell into oblivion. In the open-air museum "Medieval Bergstadt Bleiberg" in Sachsenburg, some houses of the settlement were reconstructed to give an insight into life at that time.

From the 16th century onwards, there were further attempts at mining the stairwell. The staircase tunnel, which cannot be dated to the time of its creation, extends with an approach length of 1.3 km to below the village of Sachsenburg. The medieval Pingen and Haldenfeld on the Schenkberg was opened up by the Jospeh and Marienzug Erbstolln on a deep level. An attempt at overcoming in the 18th century only brought a limited amount of yellow and red colored ocher of very good quality. A pegmatite site was explored west of Sachsenburg around 1876 as part of feldspar prospecting. However, only a very small deposit of feldspar was found. A later exploration between 1951 and 1953 was also unsuccessful. For the mountain building "Reicher Segen Gottes" located in the village of Sachsenburg, the Sachsenstolln was created, the mouth of which is located below the Sachsenburg Castle. Work on the system was carried out between 1701 and 1820. The total length is about 1000 m. In 1831 the mountain buildings and trade unions "Old Hope Erbstolln" in Schönborn , "Reicher and New Blessings of God" in Sachsenburg, "Help of the Lord including Bald Glück Erbstolln" in Biensdorf and Krumbach to form the communal mining company "Old Hope Erbstolln" in Schönborn. This stopped mining in Sachsenburg.

In 2006 the mining association "Reicher Segen Gottes eV" was founded, which has set itself the task of preserving, restoring and historically revising the last residential building of the former Sachsenburg castle mill. The association continues to look after several mining systems on the Sachsenburg side of the Zschopau.

Buildings

Sachsenburg Church
Sachsenburg Castle with Zschopau weir

On the outskirts is the late Gothic Sachsenburg Castle , which was built in its current form 1480–1488 under Caspar von Schönberg .

The village church is of medieval origin (with a Gothic wooden barrel), but was heavily overprinted in the early 20th century (including the addition of a neo-Romanesque apse). The extraordinarily valuable winged altar by a southern German master who worked in Central Germany but is not known by name is remarkable; it was built around 1490. In the area of ​​the apse, seven Middle Slavic ceramic fragments were found in the early 20th century.

Not far from the church, an open-air museum with replicas of the medieval buildings was built, which is managed by an association and in which the medieval way of life is imitated from time to time. Historical reference is the nearby desert of the medieval mountain town of Bleiberg.

Between 1933 and 1937 the Sachsenburg concentration camp was set up in the former Tautenhahn spinning factory between Zschopau and Mühlgraben. The former castle mill and the Zschopau weir with a suspension bridge are nearby.

Personalities

photos

  • Sachsenburg town hall

  • Zschopau Bridge Sachsenburg – Biensdorf

  • Sachsenburg Castle Mill

  • Lower Saxony Stolln, mouth hole

  • Sachsenburg with open-air museum Bergstadt Bleiberg

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German Art Monuments, Saxony II, administrative districts Leipzig and Chemnitz , Munich 1998, ISBN 3-422-03048-4 , page 246f.
  • Richard Steche : Sachsenburg (Kirchdorf) . In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 6th booklet: Amtshauptmannschaft Flöha . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1886, p. 81.

Web links

Commons : Sachsenburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Sachsenburg / Irbersdorf district on the website of the city of Frankenberg / Sa.
  2. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (ed.): Historisches Ortnamesbuch von Sachsen , Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 , Volume II, p. 329.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Schwabenicky : The medieval silver mining in the Erzgebirgsvorland and in the western Erzgebirge , Chemnitz 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-20-1
  4. ↑ vonschoenberg.org The year of death of Caspar Von Schonberg is not known, he probably died in 1491, because in the feudal letter of January 7th, 1492 he is described as deceased and his tenure is handed over to his three sons.
  5. ↑ Sachsenburg in the office of Frankenberg-Sachsenburg in the book "Geographie für alles Stände", p. 595
  6. ^ The locations of the Frankenberg-Sachsenburg office in the 19th century in the "Handbuch der Geographie", p. 54 ff.
  7. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 70 f.
  8. ^ The Flöha district administration in the municipal register 1900
  9. ^ Sachsenburg on gov.genealogy.net
  10. ^ The community Sachsenburg-Irbersdorf on gov.genealogy.net
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Schwabenicky : The medieval silver mining in the Erzgebirgsvorland and in the western Erzgebirge , Chemnitz 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-20-1
  12. ^ Website of the medieval mountain town of Bleiberg
  13. ↑ Website of the mining association "Reicher Segen Gottes eV"
  14. ^ The Sachsenburg church on the website of the parish Seifersbach