Inner Mountains
Innergebirg , also the land in the mountains , was a name for the alpine part of the possessions of the Archbishopric Salzburg in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. With regard to the current borders of the federal state of Salzburg , Innergebirg refers to the southern part of the country, which is opposed to the outer mountains in the north . The expression can also be understood as an adjective and used linguistically unchanged as a place ( inner mountain ). Today it stands for the Salzburger Gebirgsgaue .
geography
From the point of view of the administration, the Innergebirg region today consists of three of the five districts of the federal state of Salzburg:
- the district of Sankt Johann im Pongau (Pongau)
- the Zell am See (Pinzgau) district
- the Tamsweg (Lungau) district
Geographically, the area includes the following river regions:
- the valley of the Salzach until it exits the Alps at Pass Lueg
- the valley of the Saalach to the Bavarian border
- the valley of the Enns to the Styrian border at the Mandlingpass (the so-called Ennspongau )
- the headwaters and the uppermost course of the Mur to the Styrian border
Main mountains are
- the northern roof of the Hohe Tauern ( main Alpine ridge )
- the western Lower Tauern between Pongau and Lungau
- the lower grass mountains of the Salzburg Slate Alps
- the Salzburger Kalkhochalpen as a chain separating the outlying mountains and the neighboring regions in Bavaria and Upper Austria
Form the further boundaries of the Inner Mountains
- the Murberge to Styria
- the Dachstein massif to the Salzkammergut
- the Tennengebirge to the Salzburg basin
- the Hagen Mountains , the Hochkönig , the Steinerne Meer and the Waidring Alps in Bavaria
- the Kitzbühel Alps to Tyrol
The highest mountain in the Inner Mountains is also Austria's highest mountain, the Großglockner on the East Tyrolean border.
The Lammertal , which can be reached from Pongau via a valley pass near Schoberberg , but is geographically blocked from Hallein with the Lammeröfen , today belongs to the Hallein district and occupies an intermediate position between the inner and outer mountains.
Neighboring regions
| Lower Inn Valley Brixental Leukental ( Tir. ) | Berchtesgadener Land Salzburg Basin ( BY , DE ) ( out of the mountains ) | |
| Zillertal ( Tir. ) |
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|
Styrian Ennstal ( Styria ) |
| Ahrntal ( South Tyrol , IT ) | East Tyrol ( Tir. ) | Western Upper Styria ( Styria ) |
history
Even before the Bavarian conquest after the collapse of the Roman Empire, the country's inner mountains , the Alpine valleys of the Salzach and Saalach, were partly populated by Christian Romans. In the course of the 7th century Slavic people from the east became settled. In addition, it is assumed that Romanized Alpine celts were to be found there. Romanic and Slavic vocabulary can still be found today in the names of geographical names, Slavic in particular in the Gastein Valley and Ennspongau as well as Celtic roots in the Oberpinzgau . In the first half of the 7th century the mountainous parts of Salzburg were settled by the Bavarians.
In the Middle Ages, the Pongau comprised the area from the Gollinger waterfall southwards and the Lammertal (later Abtenau court), but not Ennstal, Wagrain and Gastein, and the Inner Mountains also included the Zillertal and Brixental . Today these belong to the Tiroler Unterland , but are catholic still part of the Archdiocese of Salzburg . The Lungau was also called the area " beyond the Tauern " because it was administered with Windisch-Matrei and Lengberg (East Tyrol) from Friesach in Carinthia.
In the Middle Ages, the Tauern valleys , but also the Salzburg and Tyrolean slate alps ( Grauwackenzone ), the former mainly with gold mining and precious stones and the latter with iron ore, together with salt extraction in Hallein (before 1200 in Reichenhall), formed the economic basis of the sovereignty of the Salzburg Archbishopric.
literature
- Heinz Dopsch: A short history of Salzburg, city and country . University publishing house A. Pustet, Salzburg 2001, ISBN 3-7025-0441-9 .
- Fritz Koller, Hermann Rumschöttel: Bavaria and Salzburg in the 19th and 20th centuries . Munich, Salzburg 2006, ISBN 3-921635-98-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b So also in today's usage: "Especially companies in the inner mountain regions, such as the districts of Zell am See, St. Johann and Tamsweg as well as the Lammertal, ..." ( Salzburger Landeskorrespondenz , October 3, 2003, service.salzburg.gv .at , accessed on July 28, 2017)
- ↑ Cf. Heinz Dopsch: Geschichte Salzburg. Volume 1: Prehistory, Antiquity, Middle Ages. 3rd edition, 1981, p. 620 ff; Friederike Zaisberger: History of Salzburg. Series history of the Austrian provinces. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-348656351-1 , p. 11 ff