San Rocco (Venice)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chiesa di San Rocco

San Rocco Venezia (Facciata) .jpg

Patronage : Saint Roch of Montpellier
Address: Campo San Rocco, Venice

Coordinates: 45 ° 26 ′ 13.1 ″  N , 12 ° 19 ′ 30.9 ″  E The Church of San Rocco in Venice belongs to the brotherhood of the same nameand is dedicated to St. Rochus of Montpellier . It is located diagonally across from the Scuola Grande di San Rocco on Campo San Rocco in the San Polo district , behind the church of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari .

Interior with a view of the presbytery
View of the organ

history

The Rochus Brotherhood was officially recognized on May 27, 1478 for the purpose of nursing, especially of victims of the ( plague ) epidemics . It had its seat first in the Church of San Zulian and later in Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari .

On July 16, 1478, shortly after its foundation, the construction of the first Rochus Chapel began in the cemetery of the Frari Church . This was not yet consecrated when it was torn down again after the remains of St. Rochus had been transferred to Venice. The brotherhood temporarily moved first to San Samuele and then to San Silvestro , but decided to return to the Frari in 1489 and to build a new church on the site of the former chapel, based on the designs of Bartolomeo Bon II, the proto of the procurators of San Marco . As early as March 3, 1490, the saint's relics were transferred here. The church was completed in 1494 and can be seen on Jacopo de 'Barbari's map from 1500.

It was a single-nave building with two side chapels next to the presbytery . The three-part facade in the style of Mauro Codussi had a large rose window above the portal and was crowned by a statue of St. Rochus. Although the neighboring Frari had forbidden the construction of their own campanile , a simple small bell tower was built over the sacristy between 1503 and 1507 .

The furnishing of the church, in which Pordenone and from 1549 also Jacopo Tintoretto were involved, dragged on for decades.

Since this first Renaissance church was in bad shape at the beginning of the 18th century, the building of the nave began in 1725. The choir is still preserved from the old church .

In 1756 a competition was announced for a new facade , and construction began a year later, initially based on a model by Giorgio Fossati. However, the work was soon stopped due to excessive construction costs and doubts about the statics of the design. The current facade was built a few years later, between 1765 and 1771, in late Baroque forms based on a design by the stage architect Bernardino Maccaruzzi .

description

Relief of St. Rochus heals the plague sufferers by Giovanni Maria Morlaiter

facade

The two-story facade is divided horizontally by Corinthian columns. She owns rich and exquisite figure decorations. The white marble relief above the portal of St. Rochus heals those suffering from the plague was created by Giovanni Maria Morlaiter . The statues of the first order next to the portal represent Saints Gerardo Sagredo and Pietro Orseolo ; they were created by Giovanni Marchiori in 1766–67 . At about the same time, the two figures of St. Lorenzo Giustiniani and Gregorio Barbarigo by Antonio Gai (and sons?) Were created in the second order on the side of the relief. The facade is crowned by a round gable with a statue of St. Rochus (center) by Giuseppe Bernardi, and on both sides figures of St. Girolamo Emiliani and the Blessed Pietro Acotanto by Morlaiter.

inner space

St. Francis de Paula brings a dead child to life by Sebastiano Ricci (1732–34)

The single-nave interior is architecturally simple and classic, the walls structured by pilaster strips and Corinthian pilasters . Right next to the entrance are two statues by Giovanni Marchiori with an early classicistic appearance: David with the head of Goliath and St. Cecilia (1744).

The church has a picturesque decoration, in which some of the most outstanding painters of the lagoon city took part. On the first two altars on the right and left you can see two important late works by Sebastiano Ricci : St. Francis de Paula brings a dead child to life and the finding of the cross by St. Helena . They were created between 1732 and 1734, shortly before the painter's death.

The miracle of St. Anthony by Francesco Trevisani (1733)

The other two altars further back show The Miracle of St. Anthony by Francesco Trevisani (1733) and an Annunciation by the Neapolitan Francesco Solimena (1733).

The walls between these altars are decorated with wide rectangular wall paintings. On the right in the middle of the nave hangs Tintoretto's Christ Heals a Paralyzed Man from 1559, and above it his capture of St. Rochus at the Battle of Montpellier from 1582–84. Opposite on the left wall you can see Pordenone's Saints Martin and Christoforus (1528) and below Christ chasing the merchants out of the temple (1678) by Giovanni Antonio Fumiani .

Four other paintings by Tintoretto are in the presbytery.

Choir with high altar

The first was St. Rochus cares for the plague sufferers ( San Rocco risana gli appestati ), bottom right. In 1567, after finishing his work in the Sala dell'Albergo of the Scuola, he painted the two pictures on the left side of the presbytery: St. Rochus in the dungeon, comforted by an angel (bottom left) and St. Rochus heals the animals (top left). The painting of St. Rochus, sick with the plague (top right), was created by Tintoretto around 1580 together with Paolo Fiammingo , who painted the landscape.

The relics of St. Rochus kept.

The frescoes with the Eternal Father in the dome and the transfiguration in the apse were painted by Pordenone as early as 1528; they were restored by Giuseppe Angeli in the 18th century .

Between 1577 and 1584, Tintoretto also painted the former organ wings with an annunciation and the depiction of St. Roch in front of the Pope , which now hang next to the portal. They have been "restored" and painted over several times by other artists.

Gallery (Tintoretto)

  • J. Tintoretto: Healing of the Paralyzed Man , 1559 (right side wall)

  • J. Tintoretto: St. Rochus heals the sick , 1549 (presbytery)

  • J. Tintoretto: St. Rochus in the dungeon , 1567 (presbytery)

organ

The organ of San Rocco

The church has a typical Italian organ from the 18th century on the gallery above the main entrance. It was built by Pietro Nacchini in 1742 and renovated by Gaetano Callido in 1768. It has ten registers and a mechanical action mechanism . The manual and the pedal have short bass octaves . The disposition is:

I Manual CDEFGA – c 3
Principals 8th'
Ottava 4 ′
Quinta decima 2 ′
Decima nona 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Vigesima seconda 1'
Vigesima sesta 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Vigesima nona 1 ⁄ 2 ′
Voce umana D. 8th' (Solo register, only treble)
Flauto in VIII 4 ′
Cornetta D (Solo register, only treble)
CDEFGA – g 0 pedal
coupled

literature

  • William Barcham: The Venetian Rococo - Tiepolo and the 18th Century , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (Ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könemann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 640–691, here: p. 662 -664
  • Thorsten Droste: Venice (art travel guide), Dumont, Cologne 1996, pp. 172–173
  • Stefania Mason: Venetian painting from the late 16th to 17th centuries , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könemann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 524–581, here: p. 530
  • Loredana Olivato: The Age of Enlightenment - The Architecture of the 18th Century in Venice , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (Ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könemann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 692–717, here: Pp. 704 and 706f
  • Paola Rossi: The Age of Enlightenment - The Venetian Sculpture in the 18th Century , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (Ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könemann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 718–739, here: p 736f

See also

Web links

Commons : San Rocco (Venice)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Information about the church can be found on the website of the "Scuola Grande di San Rocco" (Internet archive; Italian; accessed on March 28, 2020)

Individual notes

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h "Chiesa: Edificio e Storia", on the website of the "Scuola Grande di San Rocco" (Internet archive; Italian; accessed on March 28, 2020)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f " Tintoretto e la Chiesa ", on the website of the "Scuola Grande di San Rocco" (Internet archive; Italian; accessed on March 28, 2020)
  3. ^ A b Thorsten Droste: Venice (art travel guide), Dumont, Cologne 1996, pp. 172–173
  4. ↑ a b Loredana Olivato: The Age of Enlightenment - The Architecture of the 18th Century in Venice , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (Ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könemann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 692–717 , here: pp. 704 and 706
  5. ↑ Paola Rossi: The Age of Enlightenment - The Venetian Sculpture in the 18th Century , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (Ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könemann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 718-739, here: P. 737
  6. ↑ Paola Rossi: The Age of Enlightenment - The Venetian Sculpture in the 18th Century , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (Ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könemann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 718-739, here: P. 736f
  7. ↑ William Barcham: The Venetian Rococo - Tiepolo and the 18th Century , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könemann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 640-691, here: pp. 662-664
  8. ↑ Mason names the picture (in German translation, apparently erroneous): “St. Rochus cared for by an angel in solitude ”. However, an illustration makes it clear which painting is meant. Stefania Mason: Venetian painting from the late 16th to 17th centuries , in: Giandomenico Romanelli (ed.): Venice - Art and Architecture , Vol. 2, Könmann, Cologne, 1997, pp. 524–581, here: p. 530
  9. ↑ Information in WikiBooks ( accessed March 29, 2020).