Cany Castle

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Logis of the Cany Castle, view from the southwest

The Cany Castle ( French Château de Cany ) is a castle complex in the French commune of Cany-Barville in the Seine-Maritime department . It was built at the end of King Louis XIII's reign . Built by Pierre Le Marinier as a family residence and not changed much in the years that followed. The property even survived the French Revolution unscathed. Renewed and partially changed under the Montmorency-Luxembourg family around 1830, the complex passed through marriage to the Counts of Hunolstein and finally in the first quarter of the 20th century into the possession of the de Dreux-Brézé family. Their descendants are still the lords of the castle today.

The first parts of the palace complex, which is about two kilometers south of the town center, were placed under monument protection as Monument historique on April 14, 1930 . Other parts followed on December 7, 1990.

history

The land on which the castle was built in the 17th century formerly belonged to the Seigneurie Barville, which had been owned by the Le Marinier family since the late 16th century. After Pierre Le Marinier had become the new lord of Barville in 1626, he bought the neighboring Seigneurie Cany from Adrien de Breauté on August 18, 1634 and united the two lords to form the new Seigneurie Cany. From 1640 he began to build a new castle in the Louis-Treize style , which was built on the land of the former Seigneurie Barville, but was named after the Seigneurie Cany. It replaced the previous, less representative and more modest residence of the family in the village of Barville, consisting of a house, horse stable, cowshed, coach house , barns, pigeon house , woodshed, wine press and other buildings. A description from the year 1700 shows that the previous facility still existed at the beginning of the 18th century.

The new castle was completed within six years. It is not known which architect provided the plans for the new building. It may have been François Mansart , but this has not yet been proven. The end of the construction work is recorded in a report that tells of a visit by Nicolas de Paris, Vicar General of François II de Harlay , then Archbishop of Rouen , to the chapel in Barville in 1646 . After completion of the main building ( Logis ), Pierre Le Marinier bought the neighboring barony of Caniel on May 13, 1648 for 16,500  livres from Jacques de La Taille , so that after Pierre's death in 1662 his son Balthazar inherited a lot of land in addition to the castle. Balthazar married Geneviève de Becdelièvre in 1663 and sold the castle and Seigneurie Cany (without the Barony Caniel) on June 3, 1683 to his father-in-law Pierre III. de Becdelièvre, Marquis de Quévilly. His son Pierre IV bought the Barony Caniel again on June 30, 1713.

When Pierre died childless in 1726, he was first succeeded by his nephew Claude and in 1728 by his younger brother Louis as lord of the castle. Louis' son Pierre Jacques Louis inherited the property in 1740 and hired the Parisian architect Chaussard in 1760 to change or finish the farm buildings to the south and the baroque garden with two parterres , ponds and canals. In 1771, the castle and the mansion passed to Louis' grandson Anne Louis Roger, who died on June 26, 1789. He left Cany Castle to his daughter Armande Louise Marie, who married Anne Christian de Montmorency-Luxembourg on January 18, 1789 . In order to protect her property from confiscation during the French Revolution, she divorced her emigrated husband in 1792 , as property of emigrated nobles was confiscated by the state at that time. However, the lady of the castle was arrested and imprisoned together with her sister during the revolution. Your Cany Castle was subsequently confiscated and used as a prison. However, Armande managed to have the family property returned to her in 1795. After Anne Christian de Montmorency-Luxembourg was struck off the list of noble emigrants in 1801, the couple married a second time and lived in the castle again from 1802.

Cany Castle at the end of the 19th century.

Her son Edouard had the entire property repaired around 1830 and modernized inside. This also included the overhaul of the palace facade and the redesign of the palace park into a landscape garden . At the same time, the two-flight flight of stairs on the south facade of the main building was created according to plans by the architect Antoine-Nicolas Louis Bailly . From Edouard's marriage to Léonie de Croix de Dadizeele, he had no son, and so the inheritance fell to his two daughters on his death. They divided the property among themselves. The older of the two, Anne-Marie Josephe, inherited Canyon's castle and gave it to her husband Antoine dʼHunolstein. When her granddaughter Anne-Marie dʼHunolstein married Louis de Dreux-Brézé in 1926, the property fell to the groom's family. In 2011, Laure Normand took over from her father Antoine de Dreux-Brézé and now runs the business together with her husband Antoine. The family gave up the castle as a residence over 30 years ago and has since lived in a building in the former farmyard southwest of the main building. Until 2006, a driving tournament of the École Sainte Jeanne d'Arc took place in the castle park every July . An interior museum has been set up in the main building, but is currently (as of October 2016) closed due to restoration work. The park of the property can be visited for a fee every year in July and August.

description

The castle stands in the valley of Durdent middle of a 30  hectare large park with geometrically designed water surfaces, which are fed by the Durdent. Located around 50 kilometers northwest of Rouen , the facility used to mark the intersection of two roads: that from Fécamp to Dieppe and that from Yvetot to Veulettes-sur-Mer .

architecture

An avenue over 280 meters long leads straight from the west to a lattice gate with the coat of arms of the Becdelièvre family. It is one of four gates that give access to the approximately 68 × 151 m² forecourt south of the lodge. It consists of several rectangular lawns that are separated from one another by symmetrically laid out paths. Its southern end forms a semicircle, which is bordered by a wide moat of the same shape. On the long sides of the courtyard to the west and east are symmetrically designed, elongated building wings that were once used for commercial purposes. They date from 1702 and are therefore younger than the main castle. They used to be used as a stables and coach house. To the north of them there are two free-standing, three-axis pavilions . These buildings, erected around 1700, mark the southern corners of the moat that surrounds the logis. The eastern pavilion previously served as the palace chapel , while the western one was used as an archive. Their slate roofs were renewed in 2010, having last done in 1890.

South view of the Logis

The Logis stands on a rectangular island and is surrounded on all sides by an approximately 11.5 meter wide moat. Access to the island is provided by a brick bridge on the south side from 1782, which at the time replaced a drawbridge . The entire north side of the island is taken up by the lodging. In front of him there is no usual court of honor , but a gravel-strewn esplanade , which is surrounded by a stone balustrade . The two-story Logis was built from materials from the region and is typical of the Louis Treize style. Its shape is determined by the three colors of the building materials - red brick , light stone for window and door frames, dark slate for the roof sections. The type of masonry design is called brique-et-pierre in French . Because the building was built in one go from 1640 to 1646 and then hardly changed, it has a very uniform appearance. It consists of a seven-axis corps de logis , which is bordered at its east and west ends by short, pavilion-like side wings with two axes and two storeys. All three components have slate-covered hip roofs , with those of the side wings being slightly higher than that of the middle section. All window openings of the building have a flat segment arch with a keystone . The windows of the mezzanine floor are crowned by a triangular gable. On the upper floor of the side wings, arched gables can be found above the windows as ornaments. The brickwork of the fields between the windows is lightly plastered . The middle three axes of the Corps de Logis are grouped under a round-arched gable at roof level. The two full floors of the building rise on a lower floor. A two-flight staircase leads up to the central entrance on the south side of the mezzanine floor. It has the shape of a horseshoe and stone baluster railings. The runs end on a semicircular arbor in front of the entrance.

inside rooms

Inside, large parts of the furnishings from the 17th and 18th centuries have been preserved, which are now part of an interior museum. Their completeness is rare, because the fittings of French castles were often sold during the revolution and scattered around the world. The special pieces that are shown to visitors include numerous family portraits, Asian porcelain and an elaborately crafted canopy bed. The most important pieces in art history are, however, tapestries from the 15th and 16th centuries, which were restored under the Count of Hunolstein and were shown in an exhibition at the Musée des Arts décoratifs in Paris in 1880 .

In the basement of the logis are the former utility rooms, including storage rooms, the wine cellar, the lounge for servants and the castle kitchen with oven, in which old kitchen utensils and dishes are exhibited. Two stairs in the side wings connect the basement with the floors above. They seem to date from the 18th century and have replaced simpler predecessors.

Detail from one of the Flemish tapestries

The representation rooms are located on the mezzanine floor. In the eastern side wing of an apartment located apartment , while this basement houses a library with 4000 levels on the western side wing. In the Corps de Logis there are three consecutive rooms, consisting of a large central room that is flanked by two smaller salons . The Green Salon ( French Salon vert ) has boiseries in the Régence style with rocaille elements and hunting and music motifs. It may have been used as a music room in the past. The second salon served as a dining room and has white Louis-seize paneling .

On the upper floor of the two side pavilions there are further apartments with the same room layout as on the mezzanine floor of the east pavilion. The Corps de Logis has a sequence of four rooms on this floor, which are accessed via a long corridor. A precious collection of Flemish tapestries can be seen in these rooms . These include the following wall hangings:

  • a three-part set with depictions of virtues and vices together with biblical figures
  • a picture weaving with historical scenes; however, the identity of the persons depicted has not been clarified beyond doubt.
  • three matching tapestries with motifs from the story of Psyche from the reign of Charles VI. or Charles VII.
  • a wall hanging depicting a room in a palace with people whose clothing dates back to the time of Louis XI. is to be dated
  • a tapestry from the beginning of the 16th century depicting the start of a hunt

literature

  • Charles Le Goffic: Le château de Cany. In: Jules Adeline et al .: La Normandie monumentale et pittoresque, Seine-Inferieure. Lemale & Cie., Havre 1893, pp. 369-370 ( digitized ).
  • Claude Frégnac: Merveilles des châteaux de Normandie. Hachette, Paris 1966, pp. 38-39.
  • Henriette de Ganay: Le Château de Cany. Cany-Barville, Nouvelles Éditions Latines o. J.
  • Claude Mignot: Le chateau de Cany. In: Congrès Archéologique de France. 161e session, 2003, Rouen et pays de Caux. Société Française d'Archéologie, Paris 2006, pp. 33–40.
  • Bernard de Montgolfier: Dictionnaire des châteaux de France. Larousse, Paris 1969, pp. 70-71.
  • Louis Sandret: La seigneurie et les seigneurs de Cany en Normandie. In: Louis Sandret (ed.): Revue nobiliaire, héraldique et biographique. 3rd episode, volume 5. J.-B. Dumoulin, Paris 1880, pp. 97-133 ( digitized version ).
  • Robert Schezen, Laure Murat: Castles and country manors in France. Heyne, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-453-05185-8 , pp. 53-54.
  • Philippe Seydoux: Châteaux du Pays de Caux et du Pays de Bray. 2nd Edition. Éditions de la Morande, Paris 1987, ISBN 2-902091-17-6 , pp. 43-46.
  • Philippe Seydoux: Châteaux et Jardins de Normandie. Volume 1: Pays de Caux et de lʼEure. Éditions de la Morande, Paris 1989, ISBN 2-902091-20-6 , pp. 18-20.

Web links

Commons : Castle Cany  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c First entry of the castle in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  2. ^ Charles Le Goffic: Le château de Cany. 1893, p. 369.
  3. ^ A b c Claude Mignot: Le château de Cany. 2003, p. 33.
  4. ^ Charles Le Goffic: Le château de Cany. 1893, pp. 369-370.
  5. ↑ a b Louis Sandret: La seigneurie et les seigneurs de Cany en Normandie. 1880, p. 132.
  6. ^ A b c Claude Mignot: Le château de Cany. 2003, p. 34.
  7. ^ Philippe Seydoux: Châteaux et Jardins de Nomandie. 1989, p. 18.
  8. ^ Philippe Seydoux: Châteaux du Pays de Caux et du Pays de Bray. 1987, p. 44.
  9. ↑ a b c d Casimir-Élysée Romain: Notice sur Bosville (Canton de Cany). Première partie: Bosville avant 1789. A. Bretteville, Yvetot 1896, p. 33 ( digitized ).
  10. ↑ a b c Vanessa Yager (Ed.): Ouverts au public. Le guide du patrimoine en France. Editions du Patrimoine, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-85822-683-0 , p. 535.
  11. ↑ According to Vanessa Yager (Ed.): Ouverts au public. Le guide du patrimoine en France , p. 535. Claude Mignot, however, dates the changes to the middle of the 19th century. Cf. C. Mignot: Le château de Cany. 2003, p. 33.
  12. ↑ a b c Information about the castle on the website of the municipality of Cany-Barville , accessed January 6, 2020.
  13. ↑ a b c La même famille depuis trois siècles. Cany-Barville: les Normand rêvent de pouvoir habiter à nouveau leur château on paris-normandie.fr , accessed on January 6, 2020.
  14. ↑ Stéphan Szeremeta (Ed.): Normandie. Petit Futé, Paris 2012, ISBN 978-2-746953239 , p. 404.
  15. ↑ a b c Information according to the cadastral map available online at geoportal.gouv.fr
  16. ^ Jean de Foville, Auguste Le Sourd: Les châteaux de France. Hachette, Paris [1913], p. 357.
  17. ↑ a b Second entry of the castle in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  18. ^ A b Claude Mignot: Le chateau de Cany. 2003, p. 36.
  19. ↑ Louis Sandret: La seigneurie et les seigneurs de Cany en Normandie. 1880, p. 133.
  20. ^ Eugène Müntz: La tapisserie à lʼépoque de Louis XII. In: Les Lettres et les Arts. Volume 3, No. 8, August 1886, pp. 219–226 ( digitized version ).

Coordinates: 49 ° 46 ′ 1.2 ″  N , 0 ° 37 ′ 49.2 ″  E