Silberhütte artificial pit
| Silberhütte artificial pit | |
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.jpg) Part of the Schindelbrücher artificial ditch , still recognizable in the area |
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| location | middle lower resin |
| length | 27.1 km |
| Built | 1726-1890 |
| Outstanding structures | Ludenrösche |
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never operated all sections at the same time
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The Silberhütter Kunstgraben is a water ditch system created for mining purposes in the middle Lower Harz and the core of the Lower Harz water shelf . It consists of a total of seven partial trenches that form a 27.1 km long network. With the exception of a short remnant, the entire ditch has now been drained and partially filled in, but can still be seen over long stretches of the terrain.
history
The Silberhütter Kunstgraben is actually a network of eight sections that were never all in operation at the same time. The name is misleading, as only a few parts of the system were actually man-made trenches . The main function was to collect water in higher-lying catchment areas of small streams and to supply the water to reservoirs .
Stolberg
The ditch was originally intended to supply the mining of the Stolberg-Stolberg county , which is concentrated around Straßberg , with impact water.
The oldest section is the Schindelbruch artificial moat. The ditch begins at the Gräfingründer pond , in the catchment area of the Rödelbach . By Georg Christoph von Utterodt built, he led the water to lazy puddles pond . At the later Möllerteich a brook is cut that feeds water to the bush ditch . In the further course the upper course of a small, unnamed right tributary of the Rödelbach is cut. The ditch ended at the Faulen Pfützenteich , in the catchment area of the Glasebach . The watershed between Rödelbach and Glasebach is overcome by the Kohlbergrösche . Upon completion, the Straßberg mining industry could be supplied with impact water on a small scale. All reservoirs could be supplied with water via Rödelbach, upper Rödelbachgraben , Büschengraben and Schindelbrücher artificial ditch.
In spite of the ingenious routing and the construction of ten new ponds, the water turned out to be insufficient for the complex dewatering . Therefore Christian Zacharias Koch wanted to bring water from the Thyra river system . The Ludengraben (also called Rieschengraben) was built for this purpose. Since the building permit requested in 1724 was initially not granted, the building was carried out without a count's permission. By 1736 the ditch that cut the upper reaches of the Lude and the narrow Lude , including the Fuchsberggrösche and the Rösche Heißes Land, was completed. With the granting of the Count's approval, the Ludenrösche could be driven to the Möllerteich (connection Schindelbrücher Kunstgraben) and to the Gräfingründer Teich in 1745 and the Rieschengraben started its operation.
Taking into account the given territorial conditions, the system represented an optimal solution with the highest possible degree of networking. The Seven Years' War and the personal and financial problems that followed led to the decline of the Straßberg mining industry. The water usage rights were sold by the Stolberg counts in 1761.
Stop
In the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg , which had bought the water usage rights, no major water management existed at that time. In addition to the pear tree pond in the Birnbaumer Revier, as well as the Teufelsteich and the border pond in Neudorfer / Biwender Revier, which was established in the times of the Principality of Anhalt-Harzgerode , mining was dependent on the seasonally strongly fluctuating water from Teufelsgrundbach and Birnbaumbach . The Fürstenteich was not added until 1729 . In addition, the Fürst-Victor-Kunstgraben, built in 1696/97, connected the Teufelsgrundbach at the mouth of the Siebengrundbach with the mouth of the Fürst-Victor-Stollen .
The Anhaltische Graben was built between 1761 and 1762. Above the lazy puddle pond branching off from the Schindelbruch artificial ditch, the water could initially be extended to the headwaters of the Birnbaumbach. The route was chosen so that water was also supplied to the upper reaches of the Schmalen Wipper , thus the border pond . The calf's eye pond was built near the end point in 1779 to buffer the water from the network. In 1792/93 the planned expansion of the Neudorf drainage system took place. In addition to seven new ponds, the Silberhütte artificial ditch was also expanded. In 1793, the Neudorfer Graben extended the Silberhütte artificial ditch from the Kalbsaugenteich to the Neudorfer community pond . In 1817 the Neue Graben was built from the Kalbsaugenteich , which connects the Kalbsaugenteich with the Neudorfer Graben. In order to provide the treatment plant in Silberhütte with additional water, the Fürst-Victor-Kunstgraben was extended in 1890 by the Silberhütte Aufschlaggraben up to the treatment plant.
The Neudorf mining ended in 1903. By 1904 the Siebengründer Graben was built , starting at the confluence of the Neuem Graben with the Neudorfer Graben. The ditch led to the Siebengrundbach and thus the Teufelsteich , Silberhütter Pochwerksteich and Fürstenteich water. The Fürst-Victor-Kunstgraben, at the beginning of which the Devil's Pond had been built, and the Silberhütte Aufschlaggraben received water from the Silberhütte Kunstgraben. The Neudorfer Graben was drained, except for the short section to the Neuer Graben. The water was used to supply the stamping mill in Silberhütte with impact water.
After the bankruptcy of the stamp mill in 1910, the water was used for a few years to generate energy (turbine on the old stamp mill water wheel) and to provide drinking water in Silberhütte. After the upper part of the system was drained from 1910, the Neudorf part was drained in 1939.
List of partial trenches
Catchment area
The Silberhütter Kunstgraben connects the catchment areas of a total of eight streams:
- Selke river system
- Birnbaumbach - over the New Graben
- Glasebach - over the Schindelbruch artificial moat
- Rödelbach - across the Schindelbruch artificial moat
- Siebengrundbach - over the Siebengründer Graben
- Teufelsgrundbach - over the Fürst-Victor-Kunstgraben
- Thyra river system
- Lude - across the Rieschengraben
- narrow shop - across the Rieschengraben
- Wipper river system
- narrow rockers - over the Neudorfer Graben
The system of the Silberhütte artificial trench overcomes a total of nine watersheds , five of which are through roses . The total area of precipitation is 13.6 km² (Selke 8 km², Thyra 4.5 km², Wipper 1.1 km²), the effective inflow area is 11.8 km².
See also
swell
- Development and current function of systems of historical mining water management in the Lower Harz . In: Wilfried Strenz, Working Group Historical Geography of the Geographical Society of the GDR (ed.): Historical-geographical research in the GDR . Hermann Haack Geographisch-Kartographische Anstalt, Gotha 1986, ISBN 3-7301-0803-4 .
- Wilfried Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz . 3. Edition. Springer, Berlin 1997, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 .
- The Lower Harz pond and ditch system
