Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR
The Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR or short People's Spartakiad ( Russian Спартакиада народов СССР ) was a multi-sport event in the Soviet Union from 1956 to 1991 . There was a summer and a winter peoples' Spartakiad. The competitions of the summer Spartakiade were often not held simultaneously in one place in the individual sports, but promptly on different dates in different places. The Winter Partakiade, on the other hand, took place for all sports for the most part at the same time in one place. As a precursor, several Spartakiads with international participation had already taken place in the interwar period.
Summer Folk Spartakiad
Events
- I , finals in Moscow in August 1956 ;
- II , finals in Moscow in August 1959 ;
- III , finals in Moscow in August 1963 ;
- IV , finals in Moscow in July and August 1967 ;
- V , finals in July 1971 ;
- VI , finals March to July 1975 ;
- VII , Finals 1979 ;
- VIII , finals May to August 1983 ;
- IX , finals June to September 1986 ;
- X , finals March to September 1991 .
sports
| sport | 1956 | 1959 | 1963 | 1967 | 1971 | 1975 | 1979 | 1983 | 1986 | 1991 | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acrobatics | X | X | 2 | ||||||||
| badminton | X | X | 2 | ||||||||
| basketball | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 | |
| Boxing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Track cycling | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8th | ||
| Road cycling | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Water polo | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 | |
| Water-skiing | X | 1 | |||||||||
| volleyball | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Freestyle wrestling | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Handball | X | X | X | X | X | 5 | |||||
| Girevoy sport | X | 1 | |||||||||
| Gorodki | X | X | 2 | ||||||||
| rowing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8th | ||
| Canoe racing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Judo | X | X | X | X | 4th | ||||||
| Greco-Roman wrestling | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Equestrian sport | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| athletics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Motorsport | X | 1 | |||||||||
| Table tennis | X | X | X | X | X | 5 | |||||
| sailing | X | X | X | X | X | X | 6th | ||||
| Swimming | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Scuba diving | X | 1 | |||||||||
| Diving | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Trampoline exercise | X | X | 2 | ||||||||
| Sambo | X | X | X | X | X | X | 6th | ||||
| Synchronized swimming | X | X | X | 3 | |||||||
| Modern pentathlon | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 | |
| do gymnastics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Sport shooting | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 | |
| Skeet | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 | |
| Archery | X | X | X | X | X | X | 6th | ||||
| tennis | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 | |
| Weightlifting | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| fencing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
| Soccer | X | X | X | X | 4th | ||||||
| hockey | X | X | X | 3 | |||||||
| Rhythmic sports gymnastics | X | X | X | X | 4th | ||||||
| chess | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8th |
Winter Folk Spartakiad
- I , finals in Sverdlovsk in March 1962 ;
- II , finals in Sverdlovsk, Gorky, Terskol and Kiev in March 1966 ;
- III , finals in Sverdlovsk in March 1974 ;
- IV , finals in Sverdlovsk in March 1978 ;
- V , finals in Krasnoyarsk from March 4 to 16, 1982 ;
- VI , finals in Krasnoyarsk from February 24 to March 11, 1986 ;
- VII , finals in Kiev 1990 .
International Spartakiads of the interwar period
Baku 1926 (canceled)
The Soviet organizers expected participants from Turkey, Afghanistan, Persia, Palestine, Morocco and China for the "Spartakiade of the East" planned in Baku for the summer of 1926. The project failed due to financial problems.
Moscow and Oslo 1928
In 1928 the Red Sports International (RSI) held an international Spartakiad in Moscow. It should compete with both the "bourgeois" Olympic Games and the Social Democratic Workers' Olympiads . In total, around 4,000 athletes took part in the games, including around 600 foreigners from 12 countries. In the same year the RSI held a winter Spartakiade in Oslo. In response to the Spartakiade, a sports facility with the Dynamo Stadium was built in Moscow that met the most modern standards. The opening ceremony was held on Red Square by 30,000 flag and torch bearers. The 80-year-old Frenchman Pierre Degeyter , who had composed the melody of the workers' anthem 40 years earlier, conducted the singing of the " Internationale " . The competitions were then largely dominated by the Soviet athletes. Werner Seelenbinder won first place in his weight class in wrestling. The greatest public interest enjoyed the soccer games of the Spartakiade tournament, which was both the finals of the Soviet soccer championship and an international competition. Delegations from Norway, the Soviet Union, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Finland and Germany took part in the Winter Spartakiade.
Berlin 1931
A second international Spartakiad was to take place in Berlin in 1931 immediately before the Vienna Workers' Olympiad . However, it was banned by the police and could only partially be carried out in secret under the cover name “International Summer Festival of the Workers' Sports Culture Cartel”. Subsequently, an international delegation of red athletes traveled to Moscow and attended several sporting events there.
Chicago and Lyon 1932
In 1932, Spartakiads took place in Chicago and Lyon as counter-events to the Los Angeles Olympic Games . However, these were not official international Spartakiads of the RSI.
Moscow 1933 (canceled)
The RSI was planning a big World Sparakiade in Moscow for 1933, but it was repeatedly postponed and finally canceled for organizational reasons.
Oslo 1936
Norway, the Soviet Union, Finland and Sweden were represented at the second international Winter Spartakiad.
See also
literature
- William J. Baker: Muscular Marxism and the Chicago Counter-Olympics of 1932. In: International Journal of the History of Sport. Vol. 9, No. 3, 1992, ISSN 0952-3367 , pp. 397-410, doi : 10.1080 / 09523369208713802 .
- André Gounod: Sport and staging of socialist construction. The World Spartakiad project in Moscow (1931–1934). In: Arié Malz, Stefan Rohdewald, Stefan Wiederkehr (eds.): Sport between East and West. Contributions to the sports history of Eastern Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries (= individual publications by the German Historical Institute Warsaw. 16). Fiber, Osnabrück 2007, ISBN 978-3-938400-15-9 , pp. 75-91.
- Werner Schulthess: Spartakiade trip 1928. A trip to Russia. Schulthess, Zurich 1928.
- Lothar Skorning : 50 years ago: The Moscow Spartakiade 1928. In: Theory and practice of physical culture. Vol. 27, 1978, ISSN 0563-4458 , pp. 670-678.