Sparrow tongue

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Sparrow tongue
Sparrow's tongue (Thymelaea passerina)

Sparrow's tongue ( Thymelaea passerina )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Mallow-like (Malvales)
Family : Daphne family (Thymelaeaceae)
Genre : Sparrow Tongues ( Thymelaea )
Type : Sparrow tongue
Scientific name
Thymelaea passerina
( L. ) Coss. & Germ.

The field Sparrow tongue or shortly sparrows tongue ( Thymelaea passerina ), even small sparrow tongue , bird's head and Sperling herb called, is a species of the genus sparrows tongues ( Thymelaea ) within the family of Thymelaeaceae (Thymelaeaceae).

description

Illustration from storm
Blossom, open
Habitus
Fruits enclosed in a hairy perigone

The plant parts are poisonous.

Vegetative characteristics

The sparrow's tongue is an annual herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 10 to 40 centimeters. The alternate leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple, undivided leaf blade is linear-lanceolate and has entire margins.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time in Central Europe is in July . The flowers usually sit individually in the axils of the leaves. The flower axis is Roehrig. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold. You have four 2 to 3 millimeters long tepals on. There are two circles with four stamens each. It is medium-sized ovary with a stylus provided.

The fruit is a hairy nut that appears beaked through the perigone that surrounds it, from which the German common name sparrow tongue is derived.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The sparrow's tongue is a therophyte . The sparrow's tongue loves lime. In Central Europe it is a character species of the association Caucalidion, but also occurs in societies of the Sedo-Scleranthetea. In southern Europe it thrives in therophyte dry grasslands.

Occurrence and endangerment

The sparrow tongue is native to Central , Eastern , Southwestern and Southeastern Europe, as well as North Africa , the Arabian Peninsula , West and Central Asia , the Caucasus , Siberia , China and the Indian subcontinent . In the German-speaking area, the species is indigenous in Austria , Germany , Switzerland and South Tyrol .

In Austria, the sparrow's tongue occurs absent-mindedly or rarely in the Pannonian region on dry fields, sunny slopes and in vineyards in the colline to submontane altitude range . Outside the Pannonian, only very rare occurrences are known. The species indigenous occurs in the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Upper Austria and Burgenland ; there are inconsistent and local occurrences in Styria and Carinthia . In Austria the sparrow's tongue is considered endangered, in the northern and southern foothills of the Alps as threatened with extinction.

Taxonomy

The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Stellera passerina by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Thymelaea passerina (L.) Coss. & Germ. was published in 1859 by Ernest Saint-Charles Cosson and Jacques Nicolas Ernest Germain de Saint-Pierre .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thymelaea passerina (L.) Coss. & Germ., Field Sparrow's Tongue. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 611 .
  4. ↑ Thymelaea passerina at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 661.
  6. ^ Thymelaea passerina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  7. ↑ a b Entry at The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  8. ↑ Thymelaea passerina at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 10, 2015.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 611 .

Web links

Commons : Sparrow's Tongue ( Thymelaea passerina )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files