St. Andreas (Leverkusen)

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St. Andreas in Leverkusen-Schlebusch

The Church of St. Andreas in the Leverkusen district of Schlebusch is the Roman Catholic parish church of Schlebusch. It is modeled on the parish church of St. Stephanus in Hitdorf with three aisles and neo-Romanesque and houses the relics of St. Gezelinus von Schlebusch .

The parish church of Schlebusch was located in Schlebuschrath until 1810 and was first documented there in 1135. However, after the focus of the community shifted to the center of Schlebusch, it was demolished and the Schlebusch chapel was elevated to a parish church. This soon became too small, so that the current building was erected in 1888.

The parish of St. Andreas is now part of the pastoral care area of ​​Leverkusen Southeast of the Archdiocese of Cologne .

history

Prehistory of the parish church in Schlebuschrath

Until 1810, the current district of Schlebusch did not house the parish church of the two villages , but Schlebuschrath - at that time still an important knight's seat and later the seat of the Miselohe office , today a small district of Alkenrath . At that time there was only one chapel in Schlebusch .

This church at Schlebuschrath (then still "(Schlebusch) rode") after Kaltenbach is documented for the first time in 1135 by Gezelin, who "expressed the wish to be buried under the eaves at the church at Rode". It is definitely documented as a subsidiary church in Bürrig in one of the stories of the Dialogus miraculorum , which Caesarius von Heisterbach wrote between 1219 and 1223. In it he writes of a pastor Michael from Bürrig who rode to the church at Rode on Good Friday to read mass there. In the Liber valoris, on the other hand, the church is not yet to be found, it is only listed there in the version from 1510. However, there are other indications for the existence of the church: On October 16, 1237, Pope Gregory IX confirmed . the Augustinerinnenstift zu (Solingen-) Gräfrath this property. In a document from 1369, the church is referred to as " Parrochialis ecclesia " (parish church), so that it must have already been an independent parish church at that time.

Structurally, this church can be divided into three periods, which resulted from educational excavations on the initiative of the sexton Wilhelm Kaltenbach under Günther Binding and with the support of the Leverkusen City Archives, after other sources were unable to provide precise information. Basically, it was found in this excavation that the property was 600 meters north of Morsbroich Castle and was 38 meters wide and 45 meters long.

In period I, which dates back to the 12th century, there is a rectangular, Ottonian hall church that was 9.90 meters wide and 4.95 meters long. The foundation thickness at this time was 90 centimeters. In construction period II, around 1230, a transept was added to the east side of the church with an annex room facing north, measuring 1.95 meters in north-south direction and around 3.50 meters in east-west direction. In addition, as is customary in Romanesque construction, the church had a round apse . The entire extensions of this construction period were carried out with Grauwacke quarry stone, the foundation thickness was 60 to 70 centimeters. In construction period III, the south wall was finally torn down, although Kaltenbach believes structural damage caused by an earthquake in 1222 is just as possible. Helmes, on the other hand, cites the elevation to the parish church as the reason, because one definitely existed from 1230, as evidenced by Heisterbach. Instead, a new south wall was built that was not parallel to the north wall. In addition, an almost square tower measuring 7.00 meters wide and 7.50 meters long was added to the west. The bricks used suggest that construction period III could not have started until the 14th or 15th century, because this did not occur before; the bells from 1490/91 indicate that the tower was not built much later. This expansion work must have been carried out in the intervening period. In addition, a number of personal graves were found during the excavations, many of them interspersed with pieces of mortar. The grave of a German Commander from Morsbroich Castle was found in a crypt that was exactly on the central axis of the church hall ; A sarcophagus made of red sandstone was recovered from a layer of clay and transferred to the parish church in Alkenrath . It is decorated with a Christmas tree-like pattern and measures 2.05 meters in length and around 80 centimeters in width. Helmes suspects that it was used as the cult grave of Gezelinus. From February 16, 1664 the church had St. Andrew as patron, patrons of the side altars were St. John and the Virgin Mary .

In 1755, during a visitation, these three altars were named, one of which is now designated as consecrated to St. Anthony . The condition of the church was described during this visitation as “ exilis ” (poor) but “ repata ” (in order) and “ dealbata ” (whitened). During this visitation, an inventory was requested that is dated September 20, 1768 and contains 108 items in six categories (“silver work” “tin work” “copper work” “linen” “ chasubles ” “other”). For example, a silver-gilded ostensorium with velum or a cross for sick people are listed under silver work , while the pewter works include the cupboards, table lamps and cups. Under the copper work there are, among other objects, a gilded ostensorium, the baptismal font, two tabernacle candlesticks and a candlestick for visiting the sick, under linen cloths for shoulder, communion and altar. Seven different colored chasubles are named under chasubles and curtains and a red gown are listed as other items.

Prehistory of the Schlebusch Chapel

The Schlebusch chapel is mentioned for the first time by a pastor: " the capels in the village call the Schlebuschcapell " and it continues to say " the capell zu Schlebusch in the village is incorporated into the Schlebuschrodth churches ". This mention is further evidence that the parish church of the Schlebusch community was in Schlebuschrath at this time and the chapel belonged to Schlebuschrath. In 1583 it was completely burned down and after a few land sales " to build a new chapel, after the robbery and cover of the Schlebusch capell and the church partly demolished" in the Casimerischen Pfalssgravischen .

The subsequent events around 1623 cannot be unequivocally clarified. Vinzenz Jakob von Zuccalmaglio reports of a Protestant church which the Spaniards made "equal to earth" shortly after May 7, 1623, the actual day of the attack, when the soldiers returned. Emanuel van Meteren , however, reported in its " Warhaftigen Description " from the year 1633 though, that the village Schlebusch by the Spaniards " gantz abgebrandt was", "[so] that only a Hauß [...] stopped [is]" and also dates this attack on May 7, 1623, but does not report a return a few days later and nothing of the destruction of a church, which could, however, be implied in the complete burning of the village. Gorissen also calls the burning down of the chapel and the village by soldiers in 1623 "doubtful", Opladen refers to Leonhard Korth, who calls Zuccalmaglio an " imaginative and legendary local explorer " and also describes that in Schlebusch there are those mentioned by Zuccalmaglio in the same report. Yellow foundries and tanneries ”according to the source material. In addition, Schlebusch was Catholic in all of the “ducal visitations” of the Duchy of Berg , including the “critical years” of 1609 and 1614. According to documents from the Jülisch-Klevisch-Bergisches Land from 1651, Schlebuschrath was “ Roman Catholic ” in the “normal year ” and had no other exercitium religionis. Zuccalmaglio's historiography refutes this in two places, but not the destruction of the church or chapel, which is not mentioned in any other place in the literature, but is not explicitly refuted either.

The church is mentioned again by a pastor as early as 1664, and it must have definitely existed in 1676 because it is mentioned in a directory of churches in the archbishopric. From 1748 the pastor of the Schlebuschrath parish church was required to hold high mass every third Sunday of the month in the chapel in Schlebusch: “ After he had given service on two consecutive Sundays in the Schlebuschrath parish church, the high mass in the chapel was closed on the third Sunday To celebrate Schlebusch ”.

Between the years 1802 and 1804 the chapel was rebuilt as a church, whereby the costs of 2,600 Reichstalers - with a larger distribution to the community, which sold land for this purpose - were divided between the farms and the community. The new chapel was 67 feet long, 41 wide and 22 high, and the chapel had a floor area of ​​448 square meters. Architecturally striking was the “chair for the bell that was taken over”, which was located above the gallery on the slate roof. In 1805 the chapel was assigned to St. John the Baptist , and the interior furnishings were expanded in the following years, 1809 and 1813.

Relocation of the parish church

From the fourth Sunday in Advent, December 23, 1810, the parish church service no longer took place in the parish church in Schlebuschrath. Instead, the St. John's Chapel in Schlebusch was elevated to a parish church. St. Andrew became patron . The facility, which consisted of 23 benches, the bells from 1490 and 1491 and another from 1607, was initially retained; only the relics of Gezelinus were transferred in a solemn procession to the parish church in Schlebusch in 1814. In 1824, however, the bells were also brought to Schlebusch. The entire rest of the facility was transferred until 1828, after which the church was sold and then demolished.

New building

Land dechant Krey from Opladen first noted during a visit on January 26, 1864, that the church was too small, referring to the fact that the congregation had grown over the years. This remark was repeated on October 30, 1869, with the insistence on " extending or rebuilding the church at Schlebusch ". A building councilor had already presented a plan for such an extension in 1868, which was one of the reasons to push for it again. As excuses for the delay, the church council cited the “ completion of the Gezelinkapelle, the need to build a new school instead of the one that had become too small in 1818, and [...] the poverty of the Catholic residents ”. The expansion, finally decided on February 5, 1871, could not be carried out due to the war that had broken out and a lack of property, because the so-called Kulturkampf , i.e. the clashes between the Catholic Church and the Prussian state, were too big, for which there was no new pastor, but Vicar Nicholas Houalett administered the parish.

Under Houallet, the community, whose membership had risen to 2,200, decided to rebuild the church after all. With the St.-Andreas-Bauverein a total of 25,400 marks in donations and foundations could be collected. The municipality bought a plot of land 22.5 meters wide with a 37 ares large neighboring plot for a  purchase price of 9060 marks. For this purpose, bricks were baked on the acquired site and the plan for a new building was commissioned from the Cologne architects Carl Rüdell and Richard Odenthal. They were based on the parish church of St. Stephanus in Hitdorf , which was built in 1885, so that it was designed with three aisles and neo-Romanesque. As early as 1887, the municipal council approved the construction before the church council also decided to build it in 1888 and construction began in July 1888. Already in 1889 it was able to be assigned and so the Gezelinus relics were transferred one year after the start of construction. The old parish church was profaned in May 1890 and then given to the community for 7,000 marks with land. A new town hall was built on the site of the old parish church and an inscription was placed:

" Viator consiste et lege: Hoc loco stait usque ad annum Domini MDCCCLXXXX aedes sacra parochiae catholicae. Pax et huic domni curiae novae. ", In German translation:
“ Wanderer, stop and read: This is where the Catholic parish church stood until the year 1890. Peace be also in this new building of the town hall. "

On September 23, 1891, the new church was consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Anton Fischer to the Apostle St. Andreas , who is the first parish patron and the second parish patron, St. John . In addition, the main altar and two other altars were consecrated, the main altar being consecrated in honor of St. Andrew and the altar on the Gospel side of Our Lady of Sorrows and the altar on the epistle side in honor of St. Aloisius .

On the main altar there was a structure that was provided with wood carving, which consists of a predella with a tabernacle and a crucifixion group. Next to the expositorium above there were reliefs on which, in addition to the image of St. Andrew leading his brother Peter to Jesus Christ , the martyrdom and crucifixion of Andrew could be seen. There are also wood carvings on the side altars. In addition, there was a baptismal font in the church, which was made of marble and had a brass lid. It was surrounded by a grating and, according to the inscription, was donated on August 17, 1898 by Hermann Herweg, who was Schlebusch clergyman. Further furnishings were the pulpit, three confessionals, the church pews and the communion bench, which was carved from sandstone and marble and decorated with latticework and reliefs . The bells were also taken over into the new church.

Because the explosion of a carbonite factory on September 17, 1915 caused a strong shock, the vaults and walls of the church were badly damaged.

Time after World War II

The church was hardly destroyed in World War II, but was renovated in 1952. The planning for this renovation began in 1948 and was carried out by the architects Borgard and Vollmer from Cologne . Another renovation took place in 1970 by the architect Brauns from Düsseldorf .

Architecture and furnishings of the church

The style of the neo-Romanesque church building is a three-aisled brick basilica and has a single-nave transept, a choir, an apse and a side apse on the right. On the west facade there are two 53 meter high towers, each of which consists of five floors. Gray-brown bricks with the use of sandstone and tuff were used for the construction.

Original equipment

Before 1952, the condition can be easily reconstructed on the basis of photos, there was a painting in the church that was damaged in the explosion of 1915. The overall condition of the church will have been fuller as there were large statues of saints on all the altars.

The main altar was decorated in detail with a large wood-carved structure, which showed scenes from the life of St. Andrew in the form of two relief images . The side altars were also loaded with wood carvings, including a life-size Madonna from around 1850 and a statue of St. John the Baptist . The church also had a statue of Mary and a statue of John from 1530, the base of which was restored by Wilhelm Tophinke . As octagon is tabernacle applied, is coated with silver. Ears and grapes were worked into it, and enamel work, for example , showed Christ, Thomas and the washing of the feet. The tabernacle was surrounded by wall sconces, which, worked immediately, were also on the altar.

The baptismal font bears a representation on the base of the pool with the name “Deer and Water Spring” and an inscription from the benefactor. Above this was a sculpture from the 18th century that shows St. Andrew and comes from the old parish church. There were also sculptures of St. John from the 18th and 15th centuries, the latter being documented as early as 1664 in the Schlebuschrath parish church, as well as a Gezelin shrine from 1903 and a statue from the 17th or 18th century, with the right one Arm with a stick from 1951 by Max Pohl and a votive picture of the "St. Mary Perpetual Help", which is a copy of a representation of Mary from the island of Crete . There were also many other wooden sculptures and cult objects in the church.

The pulpit , which was built in the style of the 19th century, had four evangelist figures on its sides. The sandstone communion bench, the confessionals and the old way of the cross were destroyed.

Renovation in 1952

In 1952 the church, with the help of the Andreashilfe e. V. , which collected donations for the financial security of the project, has been heavily renovated. In the course of this renovation, with the exception of the preserved ones mentioned, all interior furnishings including the altar were removed - the windows and benches were left out - and the choir arches in the apse were walled up. In addition, the triforias were closed and the left side apse removed, so that now there is only an apse on the right side, and the choir window shortened. The sacristy was enlarged in place of the side apse. The flooring also had to be partially renewed. In terms of furnishings, a new table altar made of black marble was consecrated as the main altar and furnished with the old relics, and new choir windows were also built. The two bells from 1490 and 1607, which had been restored in Hamburg since 1943 , were delivered again in 1950 and were used again from 1951 and 1966 respectively.

The new main altar is now made of dark Aachen bluestone in the church, which was also equipped with a hanging cast bronze cross. Its almost square shape is intended to illustrate the idea of ​​the Eucharistic table community .

The large statues that adorned the altar were partly transferred to the sacristy and partly disposed of entirely. A large part of the mentioned, important and valuable furnishings, such as the octogen, the tabernacle and the associated sconces, the enamel work, the baptismal font, some sculptures - for example the Gezelin shrine now in the prayer chapel under the north tower - and that Votive picture, which is now under the gallery . They were supposed to come into their own after the renovation in 1952, which was a partial goal of the renovation. So the altar should now be more in focus and the view should not be drawn to superfluous objects.

Renovation in 1976

With the renovation by the architect Brauns from Düsseldorf between 1970 and 1976, two more bells were added. In the course of this work, massive cracks in the vaults in the central nave, which could no longer be neglected, and the removal of the walls in the choir were worked out by restoring parts of the architecture from 1888. For this purpose, the choir windows were enlarged again and the triforias restored. In addition, new reinforced concrete girders were drawn in to relieve the load and the flooring was re-covered in gray French marble , with Aachen bluestone being drawn between the marbles . The side apse was highlighted by white marble. The church windows were also partially renewed, the three choir windows received depictions of Jesus Christ, who is depicted as the victor over “ death, hell and the cosmos ”.

organ

The organ was built in 2002 by the organ builder Mönch (Überlingen). The instrument has 24 sounding registers (and four pedal transmissions) on two manuals and pedal. The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions are electric.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Harmony flute 8th'
4th Salicional 8th'
5. Octave 4 ′
6th Night horn 4 ′
7th Super octave 2 ′
8th. Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Cornet V 8th'
10. Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
11. Open flute 8th'
12. Viola da gamba 8th'
13. Vox cœlestis 8th'
14th Darling Covered 8th'
15th Flûte octaviante 4 ′
16. Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Octavine 2 ′
18th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
19th Fittings IV 2 ′
20th Trumpet harm. 8th'
21st Basson-Hautbois 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
22nd Principal bass 16 ′
23. Bourdon (= No. 1) 16 ′
24. Octave bass 8th'
25th Flute (= No. 3) 8th'
26th Octave (= No. 5) 4 ′
27. trombone 16 ′
28. Trumpet (= No. 10) 8th'
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: II / II
    • Super octave coupling: II / P
  • Playing aids :

Bells

Inscription of St. Andrew's bell from 1607

The first bells were cast in 1490 and 1491 by "Herman van nuis and Heinrich von averraide" (Hermann von Neuss and Heinrich von Overath) for the parish church in Schlebuschrath. The bell from 1490 bears the inscription “ maria my name + in de ere gotz I invited + mister herman ind hemrich gvssen mich + ano dm mccccxc ”; the one from 1491 " Anna am called + gots gnade is known to me + in de ere gotz lude ich + herma va nuis ind hemrich van averraide cast me + van geisch iohas va slebusch dat I say + anno dm mccccxci ". Another was cast in 1607 by a Kerstgen (Christian) from Onckel or Unckel, the inscription on this bell reads "SANCT ANDREAS HEISCHEN ICH + KERSTGEN FROM ONCKEL GAVSZ MICH + ANNO DOMINI + 1607 +"

In order to add a four-chord to the two or three chords, additional bells were commissioned in 1976 from the Mabilon & Co. bell foundry in Saarburg. In sound, these replaced two of four cast steel bells from 1948, which had been cast by the Bochumer Verein für Gußstahlfabrikation . The new bells were called "Paul" and "Christ Bell" and each contain several inscriptions: " EGO CLAMO POPULUM DEI RECONCILIAMINI DEO! “( 2 Cor 5.20  EU ) and“ CUM OMNIBUS HOMINIBUS PACEM HABENTES! "As well as two other dedications and the year on the Paulus bell," CHRIST DICIT: EGO SUM PRIMUS, ET NOVISSIMUS, ET VIVUS, ET FUI MORTUUS, ET ECCE SUM VIVENS IN SAECULA SAECULORUM. “( Acts 1,18  EU ) and again two other dedications and the year on the Christ bell. The sound of these bells is described in the sonic assessment of the ringing by Gerhard Hoffs as above average, that of the three older bells as idiosyncratic but colorful.

Of the four cast steel bells originally cast in 1948, two were retained after 1976, the Marien bell with the inscription "REGINA PACIS" and the Andrew bell with the inscription "QUANDO ANDREAS VOCAT VENITE" . Later, the St. Andrew's bell, together with another cast steel bell, the St. Joseph's bell with the inscription "SANCTE JOSEPH PROTEGE AB HOSTE", was parked in the open behind the church. At the suggestion of the Greek Orthodox parish, these two bells were brought to Greece in 2011 and given away to two Greek monasteries.

The following table provides information about the technical values ​​of the bells:

Surname Casting year Foundry and casting location material diameter Weight Brass knuckles Chime
Annaglocke 1490 Herman van Nuys and Heinrich van Overraide Bell bronze 1,012 mm 680 kg 75 mm g 1 +5
Marienbell 1491 Herman van Nuys and Heinrich van Overraide Bell bronze 1,090 mm 840 kg 81 mm f sharp 1 +3
Old Andreas bell 1607 Kerstgen von Unckel, Cologne Bell bronze 622 mm 160 kg 30 mm f 2 +2
Marienbell 1948 Bochum association for cast steel production Cast steel 1,700 mm 2,100 kg 86 mm d 1 +4
Andrew's bell 1948 Bochum association for cast steel production Cast steel 1,275 mm 900 kg 78 mm g 1 −4
Christ bell 1976 Mabilon bell foundry, Saarburg Bell bronze 1,350 mm 1,400 kg 92 mm d 1 +3
Paul Bell 1976 Mabilon bell foundry, Saarburg Bell bronze 1,200 mm 1,050 kg 81 mm e 1 +3

literature

  • Wilhelm Kaltenbach: St. Andreas and Gezelinkapelle in Leverkusen-Schlebusch. (= Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 191.) Society for Book Printing, Neuss 1976, ISBN 3-88094-183-1 .
  • Leverkusen City Archives (ed.): Leverkusen. History of a city on the Rhine. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-89534-575-X .
  • Peter Opladen: Heimatbuch Leverkusen-Schlebusch II. The history of the parish St. Andreas and the parish rectorate St. Albertus Magnus zu Leverkusen-Schlebusch. Catholic parish office Leverkusen-Schlebusch, 1952.

Web links

Commons : St. Andreas  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 2 '4 "  N , 7 ° 3' 4.9"  E

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kaltenbach 1976, p. 3 lines 24ff.
  2. ↑ Stadtarchiv (Ed.) 2005, p. 67.
  3. ↑ Kaltenbach 1976, p. 3, line 37.
  4. ↑ Cf. Kaltenbach 1976, p. 3. Brendler gives in his article “Der Raum Leverkusen im Mittelalter” in Stadtarchiv (Hrsg.) 2005, p. 67 the year 1235 and refers to the evaluation of the deeds in Jürgen Simon: Monasterium S Mariae in Greuerode. The monastery (Solingen-) Gräfrath from its foundation to the end of the 15th century. , Respublica-Verlag Siegburg, 1990, p. 116. Other sources date from 1236.
  5. ^ Report on the educational excavation: Brigitte Helmes: "The former parish church in Schlebuschrath, City of Leverkusen" in: The Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn: "Excavations '75", special issue 1976 - Bonn city archive, signature I k 878
  6. ↑ See Kaltenbach 1976, p. 3, para. 2, line 39.
  7. ↑ See Helmes in Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn 1976, p. 80
  8. ↑ Helmes in Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn 1976, p. 81 and cf. also Stadtarchiv (Ed.) 2005, p. 54.
  9. ↑ Mention of the visitation and translations cf. Opladen 1952, p. 41
  10. ↑ a b c d Kaltenbach 1976, p. 8
  11. ↑ a b cf. Stefan Gorißen: "The Leverkusen Area 1648 to 1815" in Stadtarchiv (Ed.) 2005, p. 212.
  12. ↑ Cf. Vincent Jakob von Zuccalmaglio: The prehistory of the countries Cleve, Mark, Jülich, Berg and Westphalen. Elberfeld 1870, Vol. I; quoted here from Opladen 1952, p. 44
  13. ↑ Cf. Leonhard Korth: " The patronage of churches and chapels in the Archdiocese of Cologne ", Düsseldorf 1904; quoted here from Opladen 1952, p. 46.
  14. ↑ See K. Schumacher: The denominational conditions of the Duchy of Berg from the penetration of the Reformation to the Xanten Treaty. Yearbook of the Düsseldorf History Association. 1911, pp. 39 and 93; quoted here from Opladen 1952, p. 20
  15. ↑ See Opladen 1952, p. 20
  16. ↑ a b c Cf. Kaltenbach 1976, p. 10.
  17. ↑ Hölzer 1991, p. 80
  18. ↑ Quoted from Hölzer 1991, p. 82
  19. ↑ Cf. Hölzer 1991, p. 83
  20. ↑ See Kaltenbach 1976, p. 13.
  21. ↑ a b Cf. Hölzer 1991, p. 86
  22. ↑ Kaltenbach 1976, p. 12
  23. ↑ More information about the organ
  24. ↑ a b Kaltenbach names “Kerstgen von Onckel” and “Christian von Unkel”, the Leverkusen bell book ( memento from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 574 kB) on p. 126 “Kerstgen (Christian) von Unckel” Cöln with the main creative years 1595 to 1625
  25. ↑ Kaltenbach 1976, p. 11.
  26. ↑ Glockenbuch Leverkusen, p. 81 ( Memento from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 574 kB)
  27. ↑ Cf. Glockenbuch Leverkusen, p. 83 ( Memento from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 574 kB)
  28. ↑ Glockenbuch Leverkusen, p. 82 ff. ( Memento from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 574 kB)
  29. ↑ Jan Sting: St. Andreas: Two bells go into the monastery. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger . August 29, 2011, accessed November 30, 2019 .
  30. ↑ Jan Sting: Church present: When bells go on a journey. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger . October 5, 2011, accessed November 30, 2019 .
  31. ↑ Glockenbuch Leverkusen, p. 77 f. ( Memento of October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 574 kB)