St. Jakobus (Bad Kissingen)

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St. Jakobus, Bad Kissingen
View from the town hall square to the Jakobuskirche
place Bad Kissingen
Denomination Roman Catholic
diocese Diocese of Würzburg
Patronage James the Elder
Construction year 1772-1775
Construction type
function
James the Elder , the namesake of the church, on a fresco in the cathedral of Le Puy-en-Velay

The Jakobuskirche is a Roman Catholic church in the Bavarian spa town of Bad Kissingen . She is the St. James the Elder , one of the twelve apostles , and stands on Rathausplatz in Bad Kissingen's pedestrian zone. It belongs to the Bad Kissingen architectural monuments and is registered under the number D-6-72-114-86 in the Bavarian monument list .

history

Beginnings

The construction of a new church in Kissingen is documented for the year 1286, but it is uncertain whether this refers to the Jakobuskirche or the Marienkapelle , which was then outside the city walls , as the new church this year is dedicated to both Jakobus and Maria. The designation "Capella S. Jacobi ap." from May 30, 1341 is the first mention that clearly refers to the St. James Church. Saint James, the patron saint of the church, was known in the 11th and 12th centuries at the time of the veneration of his relics in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, through the reform movement of Cluny in Germany; many Franconian churches were named after him.

The substructure of the church tower was built in the 14th century.

Modern times

For the year 1509 an inscription on the church building guarantees that in 1509 the "heir [honorable] and steadfast [loyal] von Schletten" carried out the first reconstruction of the church ( today's town hall building next to the Jakobuskirche was once owned by the von Schletten family inhabited).

Around 1607, under Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, the tower structure was renewed and the tower was raised to about 67 meters; the stones required for this are straightened by Euerdorf stonemasons Hans and Martin Fischer, the church tower is built by bricklayer Paulus Kröllen from Waldaschach. A new belfry was installed by carpenter Jorg Müller. the new church tower cost a total of 866 guilders and 13 pfennigs. Either at the same time or in 1629, the nave of the church was extended by a side aisle.

Nevertheless, the church building was in a poor state of construction in the period after 1629, partly due to the clay construction. Furthermore, the Garitz , Hausen , Kleinbrach and Winkels branches refused to share the costs; they pointed to their debts and questioned the cost. Pastor Johannes Hohmann rejected these objections. Of the total of 6,000 guilders construction costs, 1,000 guilders were borrowed by the university administration, and a further 300 guilders were borrowed by the Euerdorf community .

In January 1631, one year after the completion of the renovation work, the church, like the Marienkapelle, fell victim to devastation by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War . According to a report by Pastor Hohmann from 1649 “all 3 altars are profaned [desecrated] and chipped” . As part of the repair of the damage, the Jakobuskirche got a new high altar in 1689, the altarpiece of which was made by Melchior Scheffer from Neustadt / Saale .

On June 12, 1685, Christian Lux from Neustadt / Saale was commissioned to make a new high altar, which he delivered for Easter 1686. The painting of the altar and its picture came from Melchior Scheffer (also from Neustadt / Saale). Between 1732 and 1749 the Jakobuskirche was plastered again under Pastor Johann Molitor and got a new pulpit. In 1748 Benedikt Lutz (Lux) made a new St. Mary's altar.

In the 1760s, the condition of the church was so poor that Prince-Bishop Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim ordered a complete demolition of the church building in 1766, which was carried out the following year. It was still unclear who was responsible for the financing. The plan for the government to cover all costs was abandoned in order to avoid setting a precedent. The construction costs were divided between the Würzburg Monastery (2,950 guilders), the University Receptorate (1,139 guilders), the Lords of Heuss (884 guilders) and the city of Kissingen (400 guilders). Due to the clarification of the financing, the new building could only begin in 1772 under the supervision of the building officer Johann Philipp Geigel .

The construction work was completed in 1775; the inauguration by Prince-Bishop von Seinsheim took place on August 22, 1775. The interior was designed by Materno Bossi , Antonio Petrolli and Joseph Ignaz Appiani . Materno Bossi was with his journeyman Antonio Petrolli u. a. responsible for the stucco of the church. After Bossi's death, Petrolli continued his work and installed the new pulpit in the St. James' Church with his brother Ignaz Petrolli in 1785/1786. The altarpiece is a fresco by Joseph Ignaz Appiani and shows St. James on the way to his martyrdom; on the fresco there is also a dog whose collar bears the inscription “Appiani”. Prince-Bishop von Seinsheim closed a financing gap of 1,800 guilders that appeared towards the end of the construction work by selecting ten churches from the Würzburg monastery, whose church meadows were pledged.

Shortly after the completion of this renovation work, damage to the St. James Church caused by a storm in 1793 required new repairs. In 1800 the roof of the church was covered by a storm, in 1857 the spire was damaged by a fire in Kirchgasse.

Bavarian Kingdom

In the course of the 19th century, a large part of the collection of guild poles belonging to St. James' Church was created .

In 1837 Appiani's fresco was adapted to the taste of the time by a painting from the Königl. central painting gallery in Munich replaced; however, this was returned to the gallery in 1896 after a request from Munich. It is known through photographs from the time of the Second World War that the fresco was covered by an oil painting depicting Saint James, whose subsequent whereabouts are unclear.

St Jakobus was the parish church until 1884. Then the Herz-Jesu-Kirche, newly built due to the increasing number of spa guests, took over this function.

Twentieth century

The Jakobuskirche, described by the parish priest Friedrich Roth as "a ruin in a downright dirty garb" which is "no ornament for the city" , threatened to crumble; a renovation of the church building in 1909 only helped to a limited extent. Further repair work took place in 1960/1961 under the supervision of the Church by the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus .

The most recent repairs took place from 1980 to 1982 and 1989 to 1992. During the renovation work in 1980, a skeleton and remains of bones were found under the church floor. Two slabs from 1571 and 1581 in the floor of the church also indicate burials within the church. The right to be buried on church grounds in order to achieve the hoped-for salvation was reserved for nobles and wealthy merchants at the time. A tombstone on the east-facing wall of St.Jakobus-Kirche belonged to the grave of Konrad von Steinau, who died on August 2, 1571 and was originally buried in front of the church's high altar at that time.

architecture

The steeple is designed according to the classic features of the Julius-Echter-Tower . The axial connection of the church tower to the nave from the 18th century in the east suggests that it was originally a choir tower .

The church building in its early classical form, designed by Johann Philipp Geigel , presents itself as a sparingly instrumented central building with a square floor plan. The interior of the two-story structure of the church building corresponds to the vertical arrangement of the ambulatory and gallery . The ambulatory and gallery are summarized in the wall elevation by Ionic pilasters . a high parapet above the entablature supports the mirror vault. The nave is illuminated indirectly by the centralizing cladding and the deep upper mountain niches in the cove of the vault. A narrow chancel adjoins the east of the nave.

The two-storey complex is inspired by the Jesuit elevation system in general and by the St. Michael's Church in Würzburg, also built by Geigel, in particular. The limited floor space available determined the choice of the central room shape and the compactness of the building dimensions.

Furnishing

General

The furnishings, which were created at the same time as the nave , include restrained stucco in Louis-seize shapes and the coat of arms of the Würzburg prince-bishop Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim . The high altar painting is by the fresco painter Giuseppe Appiani and represents the martyrdom of St. James the Elder . The left side altar houses a crucifix, the right a figure of the Mother of God. In the ambulatory on the right side there is a life-size crucifix made in 1775.

organ

Organ with historical prospectus

The organ was built in 1988 by the organ builders Gebr. Hoffmann (Ostheim). The organ case was created in 1775 by Adam Adolph (Würzburg). The slider chests -instrument has 28 registers on two manual stations and pedal . The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions are mechanical and electrical (double stop with electronic setting system).

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Reed flute 8th'
3. Gamba 8th'
4th Principal 4 ′
5. flute 4 ′
6th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th octave 2 ′
8th. Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
10. Violin principal 8th'
11. Dumped 8th'
12. Salicional 8th'
13. Piffaro 8th'
14th Principal 4 ′
15th Reed flute 4 ′
16. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Flageolet 2 ′
18th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
19th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Scharff IV 1 ⁄ 2 ′
21st oboe 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
22nd Principal bass 16 ′
23. Sub-bass 16 ′
24. Octave bass 8th'
25th Thought bass 8th'
26th Chorale bass 4 ′
27. Mixture IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
28. trombone 16 ′

Guild poles

In the course of the 19th century, a large part of the collection of guild poles belonging to St. James' Church was created . The guild poles were colored white and blue, corresponding to the period of origin after Franconia was annexed to Bavaria in 1814; older guild poles from the 18th century have been recolored. The three undated guild poles in the collection are the blacksmith's guild rod crowned with Georg the dragon slayer , the butcher's guild rod crowned with St. Nicholas and the guild rod crowned with St. Sebastian (of the tanner's trade ?). The oldest, dated exhibit in the collection is the wheelwright guild rod from 1716 with John the Baptist depicted as a saint. In the course of the 19th century the stake of the warrior guild (1838, with St. Martin and St. Georg ), the guild stick of the tailoring trade (1860, with St. Michael ), a pair of sticks for the guild of the Büttner (with St. Nicholas) were created , the shoemaker's guild pole (1861, with St. Crispin and Crispinian (?) ), the saddler's guild pole (with St. Michael), the merchant's guild pole (?) (with St. Michael), the carpenter's guild pole (with St. Johannes Nepomuk and St. John the Baptist ) as well as the guild pole of the millers (with St. Johannes Nepomuk).

literature

  • Franz Mahr: St. Jakobus / Herz-Jesu / Marienkapelle Bad Kissingen , Munich 1978 (No. 1115).
  • Franz Warmuth: 100 Years of the Herz Jesu Parish Bad Kissingen - Contribution to the history of the Parish Bad Kissingen. Bad Kissingen 1984.
  • Denis André Chevalley, Stefan Gerlach: City of Bad Kissingen (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume VI.75 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87490-577-2 , p. 84 ff .
  • Georg Dehio : Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bavaria I: Franconia: The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia: BD I , Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. Berlin, 2nd, revised and supplemented edition, 1999, p. 68
  • Gerhard Wulz: The faith communities in Bad Kissingen - diversity in the smallest of spaces , p. 303. In: Thomas Ahnert, Peter Weidisch (ed.): 1200 years Bad Kissingen, 801–2001, facets of a city's history . Festschrift for the anniversary year and accompanying volume for the exhibition of the same name. Special publication of the Bad Kissingen city archive. Verlag TA Schachenmayer, Bad Kissingen 2001, ISBN 3-929278-16-2
  • Werner Eberth : The guild rods in the St. Jakobuskirche Bad Kissingen , in: Frankenland - magazine for Franconian cultural studies and culture , issue 6, December 2010, Verlag Frankenbund, pp. 413-418

Web links

Commons : St. Jakobus (Bad Kissingen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Diocesan Archives Würzburg - Tom V, fol. 51
  2. ^ Alfred Wendehorst: The Archediakonat Münnerstadt at the end of the Middle Ages, Parish Church (Bad) Kissingen , in: Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter, 23rd year, Würzburg 1901, p. 24
  3. ↑ Church guide St.-Jakobus-Kirche , Bad Kissingen, p. 3 (however, the year "1709" is incorrect; correct is in "1509").
  4. ↑ Parish archives Bad Kissingen - Baw-Register about all taking and giving away of the New Wirzhaus as well as the church tower in Kissingen by Mr. Jobst Vaites and George Derleth be the mayors of the same 1607/08
  5. ^ Hilde Roesch: Gotin in Mainfranken around 1600 , Egeln 1938, p. 44
  6. ↑ Parish archives Bad Kissingen - church invoice 1732: "28  fl 2 pounds 7 pounds from the parish church to plaster inside and out." ; "3 pounds 22. Pfg. For 10 boxes of sand to lift out of the hall."
  7. ^ Parish archives Bad Kissingen - Church bill 1742
  8. ↑ City Archives Würzburg - Hofcammer-Protocol from 19 August 1766; P. 1067
  9. ^ City archive Bad Kissingen - Council minutes of December 11, 1766
  10. ^ Karl Kolb: Heiliges Franken , Würzburg 1973
  11. ^ Parish archives Bad Kissingen - Kissinger church bill 1773
  12. ^ Würzburg City Archives - Court Chamber Protocol June 14, 1775
  13. ^ Parish archives Bad Kissingen - Church bill 1800
  14. ↑ a b Werner Eberth : The guild rods in the St. Jakobuskirche Bad Kissingen , in: Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture , issue 6, December 2010, Verlag Frankenbund, pp. 413-418
  15. ↑ a b Parish archive Bad Kissingen - St. Jakobus restoration until 1900
  16. ↑ Die Friedhöfe in Bad Kissingen, p. 313. In: Thomas Ahnert, Peter Weidisch (ed.): 1200 years Bad Kissingen, 801-2001, facets of a city history. Festschrift for the anniversary year and accompanying volume for the exhibition of the same name. Special publication of the Bad Kissingen city archive. T. A. Schachenmayer Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2001, ISBN 3-929278-16-2
  17. ^ Parish archives Bad Kissingen - Kissinger church bill 1768/69
  18. ^ A b Denis André Chevalley, Stefan Gerlach: City of Bad Kissingen (= Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments [ed.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume VI.75 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87490-577-2 , p. 84 ff .
  19. ↑ Information on the organ  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.hoffmann-schindler.de  

Coordinates: 50 ° 12 ′ 2.5 ″  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 34.5 ″  E