St. Johannes Baptist (Kirchendemenreuth)
The Roman Catholic Expositurkirche St. Johannes Baptist is located in the main town of the Upper Palatinate municipality of Kirchendemenreuth . Today, the Expositur is administered from Parkstein together with the parish of St. Pankratius .
history
The church of Thimruit , the former name of the place, was founded by the Michelsberg monastery . The wooden chapel was built in 1143 by the Bamberg bishop Egilbert on the patronage of St. Consecrated to Andreas . The people of Gleißenthal from the nearby Döltsch Castle were responsible for the church as patrons .
In 1362 and 1389 the church is mentioned in the Leuchtenberg loan book . According to the New Bohemian Salbuch of 1363, a tithe was withdrawn from the church , two thirds of which went to the pastor of Windischeschenbach , who looked after the Thimruit branch . At that time, Kirchendemenreuth did not have its own pastor, but was looked after by chaplains from Windischeschenbach.
In 1416 it is recorded that the church has a meadow between Demenreuth and Steinreuth called "near the ash". It is handed down from 1450 that the pastor of Windischeschenbach owns a parsonage in Thimruit , which is leased to a certain Goebel . Also in 1532 it was reported in a sample list that Thimruit had a good church yard , which with its church wall and tower was well suited for defense.
Between 1542 and 1546, the Reformation found its way into Demenreuth in the Palatinate-Neuburg region. On June 22, 1542, Count Palatine Ottheinrich introduced this with a religious mandate in his Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg and on April 4, 1556, with the proclamation of the Neuburg Church Regulations, he implemented the change of denomination. In 1588 the Demenreuth church property was given as 500 fl , which corresponded to the value of a large farm. In 1589 a new sermon chair was purchased for the church.
Under Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm , the area was re-Catholicized from 1627; the pastoral care took place again from Windischeschenbach. In 1633, during the Thirty Years' War, the Swedes looted the place and devastated the church, and in 1634 the plague broke out. In 1641 Demenreuth was looked after by the parish Pressath . During this time the name Kirchendemenreuth became common. In 1642 Kirchendemenreuth came to the Parish Parkstein , the support was provided by the Parksteiner cooperator Rupert Turl . This assignment triggered a decade-long dispute between the Palatinate government and the Regensburg Ordinariate , which the Regensburg Bishop Johann Theodor von Bayern ended in 1731 with the decision to leave Kirchendemenreuth at Parkstein.
In 1653 the Simultaneum was introduced in Kirchendemenreuth . The village church was now available to both denominations, although the number of Protestant Christians fell sharply due to the pressure of the Counter Reformation . With effect from November 9, 1931, the Simultaneum was ended; The Catholic Church Foundation paid the Protestant community 25,000 Reichsmarks to replace the church building and undertook extensive renovation work, which ended with a thanksgiving service on November 22, 1931. On June 5, 1932, Bishop Michael Buchberger consecrated the church.
With the active participation of the Catholic residents, the construction of a new rectory began in 1899. On September 10, 1901, the former Parkstein collaborator, Gabriel Wölfl († January 27, 1914) , moved in as the first branch of Kirchendemenreuth . Another ten holders of this position followed by 1983. Since 1983 Kirchendemenreuth has been cared for from Parkstein due to a shortage of priests.
Building description
When the wooden church was replaced by a stone building is controversial; According to some sources, this was already the case 100 years after the founding, according to others not until 1300. The church tower has a Romanesque slit window on the east wall in the basement , which suggests that it was founded in the 12th century.
The building is a hall church with a hipped roof and a retracted rectangular choir equipped with a cross vault . Above it rises a square choir tower with an onion dome .
The nave with five window axes was rebuilt in 1709 and after completion was twice as large as the previous church. The number "1710" on the portal refers to the year the church was completed. In 1766 the tower was renewed and since then it has had a dome and a gallery of columns. In 1797 a sacristy was added and in 1800 the pavilion above the organ was raised. A second gallery also dates from this time . A bell house was built on the north side of the church in 1932. The church was renovated inside and outside in 1990, and the church square was also redesigned. The chancel and gallery were renewed in 1994.
Interior
The main altar from the Rococo period comes from the abandoned pilgrimage church Barbaraberg, which belonged to the Speinshart monastery , which was secularized in 1803 . In the middle is a representation of the Pietà , on the side there are statues of Joachim and Anna , the parents of Mary . Figures added later depict the late Gothic church patron John the Baptist and a baroque Johannes Nepomuk .
The two side altars date from the late 17th century, they show St. Sebastian , who is venerated here as the plague saint, and a figure of Mary in a halo .
An altar from 1516 has also been preserved. This was also acquired by the Premonstratensians from the Speinshart Monastery. In the late Gothic work is a statue of Mary with the Child Jesus and John the Baptist. Two wooden reliefs depict Saint Lawrence and Saint James . The altar stone contains relics of Saint Aurelius and Saint Justina .
A special feature is the coffered ceiling consisting of 52 panels , which was commissioned by the Capuchins in Parkstein. In addition to Grotestkenwerk, scenes from Holy Scripture (e.g. St. Helena with the cross , Veronica with the handkerchief , John the Evangelist , John the Baptist , the fall of Satan ) and the theological tradition (e.g. scenes from the life of St. Francis , Last Judgment ) by an unknown artist. The central point of the depiction is the coronation of Mary . The ceiling was completed in 1717.
On the parapet of the gallery there are representations of eight apostles : Philip , James the Younger , James the Elder , Bartholomew , Thomas , Simon , Judas Thaddäus and Matthew (around 1720). At the staircase there is a votive painting that recalls the plague years of 1635, 1742 and 1832; At that time the believers of Parkstein vowed an annual pilgrimage to the local St. Sebastian, which is still carried out today. The Way of the Cross is a copy of the depiction of the Passion from the Ospedale dei frati church in Naples , which was donated by Pastor Gabriel Wölfl . The pulpit with the pictures of the four evangelists dates from 1866.
Bells
The eight hundredweight Laurentius bell dates from 1516 from the previous building. The inscription in minuscules reads: sancte laurenti martir inclite ora pro nobis 1516 . A second smaller bell is ascribed to the 14th or 15th century. In 1931 two new bells were purchased, but they had to be returned for war purposes in 1942. Shortly before Christmas 1950 two new bells were purchased.
organ
In 1873 a new organ was purchased for 1,600 guilders.
literature
- Felix Mader (arrangement): The Art Monuments of Upper Palatinate & Regensburg, Vol. IX, District Office Neustadt an der Waldnaab. 1907 (reprinted by R. Oldenbourg Verlag , Munich 1981), pp. 59-61.
- Heribert Sturm : Kirchendemenreuth in the past and present: Contributions to the history of the Haberland. Kirchendemenreuth parish 1982, pp. 22–27.
- In the land of the ears of corn: Heimat Haberland. Kirchendemenreuth community, Kirchendemenreuth, 2006, pp. 221–239. ISBN 3-00-020506-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Expositurgemeinde St. Johannes the Baptist Kirchendemenreuth , accessed on December 19, 2019.
Coordinates: 49 ° 46 ′ 37.5 ″ N , 12 ° 5 ′ 28.5 ″ E