St. Leonhard (Unterliezheim)
The former monastery and pilgrimage church of St. Leonhard in Unterliezheim , a district of Lutzingen in the district of Dillingen an der Donau in the Bavarian administrative district of Swabia , was built in the 18th century in the Rococo style. After the secularization of the Unterliezheim Monastery , it became a Catholic parish church . The church is a protected architectural monument .
history
Construction of today's church began in 1732. The Unterliezheim Abbey was then a Benedictine priory and was subordinate to the imperial abbey of St. Ulrich and Afra in Augsburg . The then provost of Unterliezheim and later abbot of St. Ulrich and Afra, Cölestin Mayr, financed one sixth of the construction and equipment costs from his assets. The builders were Johann Windschmid the Elder. Ä. (1659–1731) and his son Johann Windschmid the Elder. J. (1697–1774), who worked together with the Palier Joseph Guetthainz from Tyrol . Christoph Thomas Scheffler (1700–1756) was entrusted with the painting . In 1738 the construction work was completed and in 1740 the consecration of the new church by Auxiliary Bishop Johann Jakob von Mayr took place. In 1802 the monastery was closed. Unterliezheim was raised to a parish in 1847 and the former monastery church became a parish church.
architecture
Exterior construction
The building is made of plastered broken masonry and brickwork . The outer walls are structured by pilasters with Tuscan capitals . An architrave runs under the roof approach, which is supported by a richly profiled eaves cornice .
The six-story, 54-meter-high tower rises from the west facade. A two-storey octagon with corner pilasters and round arched sound arcades is built on its square substructure , which is crowned with an onion dome. The main portal is framed by columns and pilasters with a curved top, vases and a shell crown made from Amerdinger trass . Another entrance is located on the south transept , which is provided with a curved gable .
inner space
The single nave nave is divided into four axes and, like the choir, is covered with a basket arch barrel with stitch caps . The retracted choir is closed on three sides and raised by two steps. The clearly protruding transept arms are vaulted with elliptical flat domes.
The walls are structured by pilasters with composite capitals and large arched windows. A basket-arched triumphal arch opens to the choir. The western end is formed by a curved gallery resting on square pillars with Corinthian capitals.
Piece
The stucco decoration with ribbon and latticework, flowers and putti comes partly from the period from 1733 to 1735, the time the church was built, and is named by Johann Windschmid the Elder. J. and attributed to an unknown master. Later works (around 1760) such as the medallions of the apostles on the pilasters and the stucco cartouche on the triumphal arch with the inscription SOLI DEO HONOR ET GLORIA (God alone is due honor and glory) are attributed to the brothers Johann Michael and Bartholomäus Hoiss.
Image program
The ceiling paintings were from 1733 to 1737 by Christoph Thomas Scheffler in fresco technique performed. The choir fresco is set in an oval frame and shows the adoration of the baby Jesus by the shepherds. This frame is broken through by God the Father and angels, one of whom holds a banner and another carries the cross. The fresco on the crossing depicts the resurrection of Christ. It is framed by grisailles , which are dedicated to the four evangelists with their attributes .
The nave fresco bears the signature CT. Scheffler. inven: et pinx: ano 1733. Various episodes of the history of the Unterliezheim Monastery are embedded in a monumental pseudo-architecture, such as the alleged founding of the monastery in 1152 by Countess Jutta von Werdenberg , the abolition of the monastery in 1542 by Duke Ottheinrich of Pfalz-Neuburg and the sale of the Klosters in 1655 to the imperial abbey of St. Ulrich and Afra von Augsburg. At the edge of the picture there are cartridges with inscriptions under the individual scenes (FUNDAVIT MCLII, AVULSIT MDXXXXII, COMPARAVIT MDCLV).
Theme of the fresco above the organ empore is the sending of the Holy Spirit in the form of tongues of fire over the Twelve Apostles , is in the midst of Mary. It is framed by grisaille with the cardinal virtues and their attributes (strength with a column, moderation with water jugs, justice with sword and scales, prudence with serpent and mirror).
Gallery parapet
The paintings on the gallery parapet were also done by Christoph Thomas Scheffler. You are the patron saint of the Church, St. Dedicated to Leonhard and portrayed him at the childbed of a Franconian queen who survived a difficult birth through the intercession of the saint. The left scene shows St. Leonhard driving out the devil . On the right picture Leonhard presents Mary and St. Remigius developed the plan of the Noblat monastery he founded near Limoges .
Furnishing
- The pulpit was created around 1740. The sound cover is crowned with a wooden figure of the Apostle Paul .
- The high altar and the two altars in the crossing were erected in 1736. The altarpieces were carried out as the ceiling paintings by Christoph Thomas Scheffler. The main altarpiece shows St. Leonhard floating on clouds and surrounded by angels. An angel is holding a model of a church. The other scenes indicate the saint's help with difficult births and obsession and his intercession for prisoners. The depictions of animals identify him as a cattle patron. On the side of the altar are the larger-than-life figures of the two diocese saints, Saint Ulrich of Augsburg and Saint Afra , set in white and gold. The fourteen helpers in need are depicted on the south side altar and the death of Joseph on the north side altar .
- The side altars of the transept probably come from the workshop of Johann Michael Fischer and were installed around 1750. The altar of the north transept was the altar of the Rosary Brotherhood, which had existed in Unterliezheim since 1669 . The altarpiece depicts Mary donating the rosary to St. Dominic and St. Catherine of Siena . The altar of the south transept is dedicated to St. Benedict and his sister, St. Scholastica .
- In the southern arm of the transept there is a Pietà , a wooden sculpture from around 1410/20.
- The life-size half-length figure of St. John Nepomuk in the nave is attributed to Stephan Luidl and dated around 1740.
- The wooden relief above the baptismal font depicting the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan is dated around 1745/50 and probably comes from the workshop of Johann Michael Fischer.
- The choir stalls and the cheeks in the nave, which are decorated with acanthus leaf carvings, date from the time the church was built.
- The confessionals , also from the time of construction, are decorated with lattice and shell decoration. Famous penitents are represented in the extracts: St. Jerome , Mary Magdalene , King David and Dismas , the good thief .
literature
- The art monuments of the district of Dillingen an der Donau , edited by Werner Meyer, in the series: The art monuments of Bavaria. The art monuments of Swabia. Vol. VII. District of Dillingen on the Danube . Munich 1972, ISBN 3-486-43541-8 , pp. 928-942.
- Ingrid Mayershofer: Catholic parish and pilgrimage church St. Leonhard Unterliezheim . Ed. from the Catholic Church Foundation St. Leonhard Unterliezheim, Höchstädt an der Donau 1999, ISBN 3-00-004685-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 48 ° 41 ′ 3.3 ″ N , 10 ° 32 ′ 43 ″ E