St. Peter and Paul (Oberelchingen)
The Catholic parish and pilgrimage church of St. Peter and Paul in Oberelchingen, a district of Elchingen in the Neu-Ulm district in the Bavarian administrative district of Swabia , was built in the 12th century as the church of the Elchingen Benedictine monastery . The core of the Romanesque building was redesigned in Baroque style in the 17th century and redesigned in the Rococo style in the mid-18th century . In the second half of the 18th century, the nave received an early classicist interior.
history
After a fire in 1146, the Benedictines built a new Romanesque church for their monastery, founded in the early 12th century, and consecrated it “In honor of God, the Blessed Virgin, the princes of the apostles Peter and Paul, St. Benedict and his sister, St. Scholastica ". In the 15th century Gothic tracery windows were built into the church and an octagonal tower was built over the crossing , which collapsed in the fire of 1773. Around 1640, towards the end of the Thirty Years War , the pilgrimage to the Mother of Seven Sorrows was at its heyday. In 1644 Abbot John IV founded the Brotherhood To the Seven Sorrows of Mary .
After the church suffered great damage during the Thirty Years War, it was restored in 1666 in the Baroque style with oval windows. During a further renovation in 1746, the church was redesigned in the Rococo style under the abbot Amandus Schindele. After the great fire of 1773, in which parts of the church collapsed, the reconstruction in the style of late Rococo and early classicism took place under the direction of Joseph Dossenberger . The nave was rebuilt from 1782 to 1784. The work came to an end under Abbot Robert I. Kolb, whose coat of arms is attached to the west side of the choir arch .
After the Battle of Elchingen in October 1805, Napoleonic troops camped in the church to take care of their wounded there before they marched on to Austerlitz .
Since the abolition of the monastery in 1802, the church has served as a parish and pilgrimage church. A procession leads around the monastery walls during the annual high society.
architecture
Exterior construction
The early classical west facade is structured in three axes delimited by pilasters . It is crowned by a two-storey tail gable with side vases. The central portal is framed by simple pilasters and has a high gable top. A square tower rises above the apse , divided by cornices , with an obelisk-like spire on the dome .
inner space
The church is laid out as a three-aisled pillar basilica . The high, wide central nave opens in eight arched arcades , which rest on square pillars with pilasters, to the much lower and narrower aisles. The main and side aisles are spanned by alternating vertical and horizontal oval flat domes , which are decorated with large-format frescoes .
The two-bay choir , raised by six steps, is the same width as the central nave. The western yoke is bulged at the side. The eastern yoke is square and ends in a semicircular apse. Both yokes have flat pendent domes decorated with frescoes.
In the west there is a protruding gallery with a curved parapet.
Ceiling frescoes
The ceiling frescoes were created by the Trier court painter Januarius Zick in 1782/83. The choir fresco is marked with the year 1783 and shows the birth of Mary. In the spandrels, allegorical figures in grisaille painting represent the four continents. The frescoes in the nave have the Assumption of Mary, the Annunciation, the presentation of the baby Jesus in the temple and the Visitation of Mary on the theme. The grisailles of the gusset represent apostles and symbols of Mary .
The frescoes of the north aisle depict the crucifixion, descent from the cross and the entombment of Christ. The frescoes in the south aisle depict scenes from the life of St. Benedict of Nursia . The fresco on the underside of the organ gallery is reminiscent of the Margrave Konrad von Meißen and his wife Luitgart, who presented Abbot Andreas von Aichhaim with the deed of foundation and the building plan. They moved the monastery, which was founded by Count Albert von Rauenstein (or Ravenstein), Luitgart's father, in the Ulm Danube floodplains, to their castle above Elchingen. A document lying on the table has a chronogram that probably relates to the date of the first church consecration: DICabant DIe XV aVgVstI (they consecrated on August 15, 1128).
organ
The large organ was installed in 1910 by the organ builder GF Steinmeyer & Co. and overhauled in 1987–1988. The magnificent organ front is attributed to Johann Michael Fischer and was created around 1785. It is crowned by two trumpet angels. The instrument has 27 stops on two manual works and a pedal . The performance and stop actions are pneumatic .
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- Pairing :
- Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
- Sub-octave coupling: II / I
- Super octave coupling: II / II
Furnishing
- The high altar was made in 1774 by Johann Michael Fischer based on designs by Joseph Dossenberger. Six Corinthian columns frame the altarpiece created by Januarius Zick in 1785, which depicts Mary, according to the Revelation of John , with the moon under her feet and a wreath of twelve stars around her head. The motif of the Lamb of God on the book with seven seals in the background is also taken from Revelation. The larger than life figures represent the patron saint of the order, St. Benedict of Nursia (inside left), his sister, St. Scholastica (inside right), the patron saint of the church, the apostles Peter (outside left) and Paul (outside right) Joseph Wannemacher is attributed with the depiction of the Archangel Michael .
- On the entablature of the choir sit the four occidental church fathers with their attributes , St. Augustine , Gregory the Great , St. Ambrose with beehive and book and St. Jerome .
- The statue of the Virgin Mary in the choir is dated around 1635 and is a work by Christoph Rodt . Mary wears a crown on her head and holds a scepter. The baby Jesus sits on her arm with the globe in her hand.
- The monumental crucifix above the celebration altar was created by Johann Michael Fischer in 1785. The two assistant figures Maria and Johannes, who are standing on the left and right pillars, date from around 1690/1700.
- The lavishly decorated pulpit from around 1785 is attributed to a design by Joseph Dossenberger. The sculptures, as well as the figure of Salvator Mundi on the sound cover , were created by Johann Michael Fischer.
- The baptismal font on the opposite side and the life-size stucco figures of the baptism of Jesus, which are attributed to Johann Michael Fischer, also date from the same time as the pulpit .
- In the north aisle is the altar of grace with the miraculous image of Our Lady of Sorrows , an originally Gothic figure, revised in the 17th and 18th centuries, wrapped in a precious robe, who stands on the crescent and whose heart is pierced by seven swords. Angels holding scepter, lily and crown frame the figure. The two prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah stand to one side .
Epitaphs
- The sandstone epitaph of the last abbot Robert IIl is located in a round arch niche of the north aisle . Plersch, who died in 1810.
- The epitaph of the abbot Hieronymus Hertzog, who died in 1541, is a red sandstone slab with an engraved relief of the dead man.
- The grave slab of Abbot Thomas Holl, who died in 1619, is also decorated with a relief.
- A red marble epitaph commemorates the priest Petrus Kastler, who died around 1485.
- The epitaph for Wilhelm Güß von Güssenburg zu Glött, captain of the Swabian Confederation and Vogt of the monastery, who died in 1531, is decorated with a relief of the coronation of Mary.
- On the red marble epitaph of Abbot Johannes Spegelin, who died in 1638, the deceased is depicted in full figure and regalia.
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments - Bavaria III - Swabia (arr.: Bruno Bushart, Georg Paula) . 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich 1989, ISBN 3-422-03008-5 , p. 792-797 .
- Elmar Theisen, Wladyslaw Poddebniak, Franz Walter, Karl Rösch: Oberelchingen. Parish and pilgrimage church of St. Peter and Paul . Peda art guide No. 721/2008, Art Publishing House Peda , Passau 2008, ISBN 978-3-89643-721-1 .
Web links
- Monastery church Oberelchingen Catholic parish of St. Peter and Paul Oberelchingen
Individual evidence
- ^ Diocese of Augsburg
- ^ Monasteries in Bavaria: Elchingen (PDF; 49 kB) House of Bavarian History
- ↑ Information on the organ
Coordinates: 48 ° 27 '8.5 " N , 10 ° 5' 17.2" E