Mondsee Monastery

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Southwest view of the former monastery

Mondsee Abbey (pin Mondsee) is a former Benedictine - Abbey in Mondsee in Salzkammergut , Upper Austria , and one of the oldest monasteries in Austria. Named Schloss Mondsee (Schlosshof 1a) after secularization , it is now used in a variety of ways as a residential, business and event area. The former collegiate church of St. Michael , basilica minor since 2005 , is now the parish church .

history

Georg Matthäus Vischer: Mannsee , 1674 (the monastery still with the purely Gothic church)

Mondsee Benedictine Abbey

In the year 748 the Mondsee Monastery was founded by the Bavarian Duke Odilo , who came from the Agilolfinger family and with the dual patronage of St. Michael and St. Peter . According to the monastery tradition, the first monks came from the Monte Cassino monastery in Italy. The monastery never belonged to the diocese of Salzburg , but was clearly separated from this diocese. The Psalter of Montpellier , a richly decorated codex of biblical texts in Latin, as well as the Mondsee Fragments , a bilingual Latin-Old Bavarian collection of Christian texts with a translation of the Gospel of Matthew , were created here in the 8th century . After the fall of Duke Tassilo in 788, the region was incorporated into the Franconian Empire, Mondsee became an imperial monastery and over the centuries received rich property, which stretched from the area southwest of Kufstein to the Danube and from here to the Upper Austrian-Salzburg Limestone Alps. In 831, Emperor Ludwig the Pious gave the Mondsee Monastery to the Regensburg Monastery . It was not until 1142 that the monastery became independent again under Abbot Konrad II. In 1389 the abbots of Mondsee received from Pope Boniface IX. the right of pontificals .

The Mondseeland has belonged to Austria since 1506 ( Emperor Maximilian I ) , the rulers of Wartenfels and Wildenegg were foster courts . In 1514 the abbot Wolfgang Haberl founded the monastery high school. After a period of decline during the Reformation and subsequent turmoil, the abbey flourished again. Under Abbot Bernhard Lidl (1727–1773) there was extensive construction work on the church and monastery for the millennium in 1748. 1773 to 1784 followed Opportunus II. Dunkl as the last abbot of Mondsee.

According to the Josefin church reform , the monastery was abolished on October 20, 1791 under Emperor Leopold II and the monastery property was placed under the religious fund. In the same year, the largest part of it was dedicated as a real donation for Joseph Anton Gall , the second bishop of the diocese of Linz , newly created in 1784 , after whose death in 1807 the property was returned to the religious fund. The Mondseer Stiftshaus in Linz's Domgasse was bought by the “gentlemen's estates in Austria above the Enns”.

Wrede'sches Schloss Mondsee

Louis Vallee: Mondsee Monastery with surroundings and staffage , 1838

In 1809 Napoleon Bonaparte confiscated the Mondsee estate and awarded it (along with Suben and Gleink ) on August 27, 1810 to the royal Bavarian field marshal and minister of state Carl Philipp von Wrede on the occasion of his elevation to the rank of French count. Wrede remained the owner even after the area was returned to Austria after the Congress of Vienna and promoted the area as much as possible (including road construction, start of the production of Mondsee cheese ). As a result, Mondsee remained in the possession of the von Wrede family, who later became the prince , who transformed the monastery into a mansion. From his son Karl Theodor von Wrede (1797–1871) Mondsee came to the Princess Ignazia von Wrede, née von Mack. In 1905 she bequeathed the large property in the Mondsee region to her daughter Helene, who was married to the Bavarian treasurer Karl August Grafen Almeida . On June 13, 1972, the last owner, Count Ludwig von Almeida, died. The ownership then passed to Nicolette Waechter (née Almeida), who continued to own large properties, including a. owns the Mondsee itself.

In 1985 the castle was sold to the Asamer & Hufnagl company from Ohlsdorf . The company sold part of it to the community at a great profit.

Buildings

The building complex as it is today was built between 1776 and 1780 after the great fire of May 9, 1774. The reconstruction was initiated by Opportunus II. Dunkl, the last abbot of Mondsee. In large parts he planned to rebuild the monastery. The oldest parts of the complex that still exist today are the cloister, completed in 1448, and the former chapter house adjoining the church (square room with ribbed vaults and a central column). The castle consists of four wings that enclose a courtyard. In the two-story gate hall there is a staircase with a wrought-iron grille from 1630.

Today's use: Schlosshotel Mondsee, local history museum, residential and commercial center

The main building of the castle is largely occupied by the Hotel Schloss Mondsee . Countess Micheline Almeida ran the restaurant on the ground floor for several years. The building also houses a theater and concert hall.

The Mondsee local history museum has been housed in the former library rooms since 1957 . Today the Mondsee registry office is also located here and the Mondsee parish office in one wing.

The inner courtyard of the palace is a public parking lot; on the ground floor, a row of shops was set up as a shopping park. The upper floors and other ancillary buildings were adapted as living and office spaces.

  • patio

  • Staircase

  • Entrance portal

  • Baroque door with image of the abbot

Basilica and Parish Church of St. Michael

Mondsee basilica

See also: Mondsee Basilica

Today's late Gothic church was built under Abbot Benedikt Eck (1463–1499) by the master builder Hans Lenngdörffer from Burghausen. The consecration of the main nave was celebrated in 1487. Under the abbots Celestine Kolb (1668–1683) to Bernhard Lidl (1727–1773) the building was extensively baroque.

The three-aisled basilica church interior of the former monastery church is one of the most important architectural monuments in Austria. The dimensions are 70 m long, 34 m wide and 22 m high. The east side of the Church of St. Michael simulates a double-choir system. On its north side, the church is connected to the former monastery. The magnificent, baroque furnishings were created by the painter and sculptor Meinrad Guggenbichler . A preserved late Gothic altar, commissioned by Abbot Benedikt Eck von Piburg and consecrated in 1497, helped an unknown master to get his emergency name as Master of Mondsee . The former treasury (now sacristy) of the monastery, the prayer choir of the monks and the 36 m long Gothic monastery library, which was once a medieval desk library, are integrated into the church building.

St. Michael was elevated to a minor basilica in 2005 by Pope John Paul II . In the same year a three-year church interior renovation began. All altars, pictures, floors in the sanctuary and flags were subjected to a thorough examination and conservation.

A disharmonious bronze bell quartet from the Oberascher bell foundry in Salzburg hangs in the two squat towers in a striking sequence as ° - c '- es' - ge'

literature

  • Herbert Erich Baumert, Georg Grüll : Castles and palaces in Upper Austria. Volume 2: Innviertel and Alpine Foreland. Birken-Verlag, Vienna 1985, ISBN 3-85030-049-3 .
  • Rudolf Flotzinger , Robert Klugseder: Mondsee. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3045-7 .
  • Erwin Hainisch: Dehio Upper Austria . Dehio Handbook: The Art Monuments of Austria. Band Upper Austria. edit by Kurt Woisetschläger, ed. from the Institute for Austrian Art Research of the Federal Monuments Office, 6th edition, Vienna 1977, p. 202.
  • Oskar Hille: Castles and palaces in Upper Austria then and now . Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Sons, Horn 1975, ISBN 3-85028-023-3 .
  • Marina Kaltenegger: The Early History of the Mondsee Monastery. Historical evaluations of the oldest building findings (= dissertations from the Karl-Franzens University Graz. Volume 101). dbv-Verlag, Graz 1995, ISBN 3-7041-9061-6 .
  • Robert Klugseder among others: Sources on the medieval music and liturgy history of the Mondsee Monastery (= Codices Manuscripti. Supplementum 7). Verlag Brüder Hollinek, Purkersdorf 2012, OCLC 826620343 .
  • Felix Wintermayr: The Benedictine Abbey Mondsee. For the twelve-century celebration 748–1948. In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets . Volume 2, Issue 3, 1948, pp. 193-214 ( online (PDF; 1.1 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  • Herwig Wolfram: The early medieval Mondsee Monastery as seen today. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Linz 1989, pp. 7–12 ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).

Web links

Commons : Mondsee Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joachim Jahn : Ducatus Baiuvariorum: The Bavarian Duchy of the Agilolfinger , p. 212f. (= Monographs on the history of the Middle Ages). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991. ISBN 3-7772-9108-0 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Mondsee Benedictine Monastery. In: ordensgemeinschaften.at. Retrieved July 4, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Hertha Awecker : The Mondsee Abbey Houses in Linz. In: Yearbook of the City of Linz 1950. Linz 1951, p. 275 (entire article p. 272–277, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  4. ↑ Homepage of Schlosshotel Mondsee ( Memento from July 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Homepage Mondsee Museum of Local History
  6. ↑ Mondsee Parish

Coordinates: 47 ° 51 '23.5 "  N , 13 ° 21' 1.7"  E