Klein-Mariazell basilica

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
West view of the basilica
Basilica of Klein-Mariazell, in front of it the rectory (2011)

The basilica of Klein-Mariazell as a former collegiate church of the former Klein-Mariazell Abbey is a baroque-style pillar basilica in the monastery settlement of Klein-Mariazell in the market town of Altenmarkt an der Triesting in the Baden district in Lower Austria . The collegiate , parish and pilgrimage church , consecrated on the feast of the Assumption of Mary , belongs to the Deanery Pottenstein in the vicariate Unter dem Wienerwald of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna . In 2007 the church was elevated to a minor basilica . The parish and pilgrimage church is a listed building .

history

Due to extensive excavations and archaeological investigations from 1995 to 1998 and 2004, new knowledge was gained for the 12th century, which is sparse for written sources. The excavation of burial sites and dendrochronological investigations point to the first wooden church building before 1136.

The building site of Heiligenkreuz Abbey (1133) shows a nearby, southern water-bearing book moat, which flows into the Sattelbach. The construction site of the monastery Klein-Mariazell (1136) also shows the nearby southern Zierbach, which flows into the so-called Klosterbach. The patronage at Heiligenkreuz is Our Lady , at Klein-Mariazell the Assumption of Mary , both analogous to the Mother of God .

The Stiftsbrief zu Klein-Mariazell, which was probably written a hundred years later, mentions February 2, 1136 ( Mariä Lichtmess ) for the founding building, which was probably the day the resolution was passed on the foundation of the collegiate church. The staking out of the longitudinal axes of the foundation structure at the building site after the rising sun was carried out for the nave on March 20, 1136 ( Good Friday ) and for the choir on March 22, 1136 ( Easter Sunday ), which is locally due to the bend in the axis due to the two days distance.

The stone building as the foundation building of (Klein-) Mariazell in Austria (1136) as a hall building with a choir square received an extension with a north aisle with a round apse. This was followed at the end of the 12th / beginning of the 13th century by a new Romanesque basilica, which is hidden in the core of the current building stock. The foundation building and the basilica are common to the south wall of the hall and thus the easting of the nave. The remains of the choir square of the foundation building in the area of ​​the right transept of today's basilica did not provide a reliable result for the axis bend. Since the Romanesque basilica took over the bend in the axis of the foundations when the new choir was built, the naming of 1136 for the year of foundation could be proven to be correct.

During the construction of the basilica, the former south wall of the foundation building was integrated and a three-aisled pillar basilica in a bound system with transept, choir square with formerly three staggered round apses was built. The remarkable portals to the west, north and south are from the time after the destruction of 1250/1252. Completion with consecration took place in 1256.

The monastery was closed in 1782 under Emperor Joseph II under the last abbot Jakob Pach (1752–1782) of the monastery, who from 1752 to 1759 transformed the monastery church into Baroque style at great expense (frescoes with Marian themes by Johann Wenzel Bergl ) .

A demanding restoration of the church was completed in 1998. In the course of this, the vaulted rooms to the west of the cloister were raised to accommodate a parish hall, a parish office and ancillary rooms.

architecture

Romanesque main portal

The nave stands under a steep gable roof, the transept arms under steeply hipped roofs. The central nave and the front of the transept have large, segment-arched windows from the 18th century. In the south side there are three Romanesque arched windows. Other Romanesque windows are walled up or blocked. The side aisles have pent roofs. The south aisle received small rectangular windows in the 18th century. The north aisle has enlarged, originally Romanesque arched windows. The choir has a rectangular portal and single-storey annexes on the sides, the sacristy in the north under a pent roof, in the south the former sacristy under a roof that is hipped to the east.

The west facade is asymmetrical because it is overlapped by monastery buildings to the south. There is a high, pointed gable, a high arched window and a small arched gable window. In the central nave area is the Romanesque stepped portal in a typical wall template, four-fold stepped with four bud capital columns each with plate bases on plinths, with five-fold stepped archivolts with different profiles. At the transition to the fighting zone there are horns on plocking and small animal heads and leaf motifs. The tympanum, which is empty today, has a Latin inscription all around.

Furnishing

There is a combination of stucco marble in the choir, the altars and the wall paintings. The main work of the painter Johann Baptist Wenzel Bergl from 1764/1765 appears in the central nave, the crossing, in the transverse arms and in the choir , the perspective dome frescoes show a cycle of Mary , Mary , Marriage of Mary and Joseph , in the crossing as the climax of the Assumption in one Composition with a wreath of figures, the four Roman Fathers of the Church in the pendants , the Coronation of Mary in the choir , an oval image in each of the transept arms, the Visitation of the Virgin Mary on the left , the Annunciation on the right , above the music choir Himmelsglorie with angels making music, two large plaques on the walls in the central nave In painted frames that overlap the painted entablature zones and are held by angels, scenes from the childhood of Jesus with the adoration of the shepherds , circumcision of the Lord , the adoration of the kings and Christ among the scribes , the painting is accompanied by an architectural painting with painted windows on the cross arms and the illusion an all-round window tion. The organ in a baroque case from 1770 was built by Anton Škrabl in 1998.

literature

Web links

Commons : Basilika von Klein-Mariazell  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Erwin Reidinger: Easter 1136. New findings on the foundation of (Klein-) Mariazell in Austria. St. Pölten 2016.
  2. ↑ Alex Hubmann, Peter König, Elisabeth Sackmauer: News from the preservation of monuments in Lower Austria . In: Preservation of monuments in Lower Austria No. 21: Storage tanks, bulk boxes . Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, St. Pölten 1999, p. 54.

Coordinates: 48 ° 2 ′ 11.3 "  N , 15 ° 58 ′ 27.7"  E