Tübingen (ship, 1929)
 The Tübingen
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
The Tübingen, which was commissioned by Norddeutscher Lloyd in 1929 , was a cargo ship built in Great Britain. In 1920 she was a Delaware for the Norge-Mexico Gulf Linjen of the shipping company Wilh. Wilhelmsen has been completed. The ship that was stranded in June 1928 was considered a total loss and had been repaired by the Howaldtswerke in Kiel after being salvaged and given a new foredeck. In 1934 the ship was registered for the Hamburg-Bremer Afrika-Linie and came to the Deutsche Afrika-Linien as part of the state reorganization of the shipping areas of the German shipping companies .
In 1939, after the outbreak of war, Tübingen managed to reach home via Murmansk . It was used as a troop transport and sank shortly before the end of the war after a bomber attack in the Kattegat to 57 ° 11 ′ 0 ″ N , 10 ° 46 ′ 0 ″ E .
history
On August 12, 1920, in Haverton Hill near Middlesbrough, the future Tübingen was launched as Delaware at the Furness SB Co. shipyard with hull number 21. The 110.7 m long and 15.9 m wide new building received a triple expansion engine of 2750 HP from the company "Richardsons, Westgarth & Co.", Sunderland , which enabled a service speed of 12 knots (kn). In December 1920 the Delaware was transferred to "A / S Norge-Mexico Gulf Linjen" in Tønsberg , a line of the Norwegian shipping company Wilh. Wilhelmsen , delivered. With the Louisiana, this shipping company received a sister ship in March 1921 , which was launched as the Egyptian Prince for the "Prince Line" from Furness, Withy & Co.
Another ten very similar ships were delivered to lines of the shipping company Furness, Withy & Co. from May 1921 to May 1924, the last two constructions being designed as motor ships. The Furness, Withy group built the ships and machines and then used the ships.
The Delaware , measured at 4501 GRT, was on a voyage from Finland to New Orleans with a cargo of cellulose and manganese ore in June 1928 , when it ran into a rock on the Argos Bottom near Örskär in the south of the Gulf of Bothnia on June 9, whereupon the forecastle broke off . The shipping company abandoned the wreck and ceded it to the British insurer. In the spring of 1929 the wreck (without forecastle), classified as a total loss, was salvaged and it was towed to Kiel for repairs at the Howaldtswerke .
Under the German flag
Norddeutsche Lloyd showed interest in acquiring the ship, which was given a new foredeck at Howaldtswerke. The ship, now measured at 5435 GRT and 3287 NRT, had a deadweight capacity of 8465 tdw compared to 6952 tdw before the accident and the length increased by over 10 meters to 122.37 m. On November 4, 1929, the NDL was put into service as Tübingen with the callsign QMKJ . She was the second ship of the shipping company that bore the name of the Württemberg university town of Tübingen . The first Tübingen was created by renaming the Wartburg , which was bought in 1905 and lost to the USA in 1917 in Manila .
The overhauled Tübingen was mainly used for West Africa, the former shipping area of the integrated Hamburg-Bremen Africa Line . As part of the state reorganization of the shipping areas of the German shipping companies, the ship was registered on November 9, 1934 for the Hamburg-Bremer Afrika-Linie GmbH, which was re-emerging, and finally came to the Deutsche Afrika-Linien GmbH .
At the end of August 1939, the Tübingen was traveling between the Cape Verde Islands and the Congo with a cargo of salt . In response to the warnings to German shipping about the impending outbreak of war, the course was changed to the north and Santa Cruz de Tenerife was briefly approached before continuing the journey towards Germany. On September 15, the ship reached the Soviet Murmansk. From October 3rd to 15th, Tübingen then moved along the Norwegian coast to Hamburg.
War missions
In March 1940, the Tübingen was assigned as a transporter of the 1st sea transport squadron for the company "Weserübungen" . She left Stettin on April 6th with troops and cargo and arrived in Stavanger on the evening of April 9th with the transporters Mendoza (5193 GRT) and Tijuca (5943 GRT) . After a few more trips, the ship was returned to the shipping company. In mid-August, the Tübingen was recorded as the R 39 transporter for the "Seelöwe" company . From December 1940 the Tübingen was back in service as a transporter on the Norwegian coast.
On 15 June 1941, the hit Tübingen in Aalborg in order as part of Operation "Blue Fox" on the 17th of Aalborg with steamers Ceuta , Loud rock and Feodosia troops to Oslo to convey that to the attack from northern Norway towards Murmansk were provided .
On January 10, 1942, a German escort with the Tübingen in front of Den Helder was attacked by British fighter planes in the early evening. She suffered a bomb hit and damage from gunfire and had to be brought to Rotterdam . Three men died on board and three civilian crew were seriously injured. The following day the ship suffered further damage in an air raid on Rotterdam.
At the end of January 1943, the Tübingen off Obrestad in Rogaland on the south coast of Norway was damaged again by bombs and gunfire.
On October 11, 1944, the Soviet submarine V-21 attacked a convoy with the Tübingen and two other transporters with four torpedoes in the Laksfjorden near Lenvik , all of which missed the German units. The submarine was attacked with depth charges.
At the beginning of 1945 the ship was then used as part of the Hannibal company to transport refugees in the Baltic Sea. On her last evacuation trip on April 6, she transported 3,000 refugees from Hela to Swinoujscie .
Downfall
On the night of April 18-19, 1945, the Tübingen near Skagen was damaged by an air raid. After being repaired in Flensburg , it was attacked early in the morning on April 24th by British Halifax of the RAF Coastal Command southeast of the island Læsø in the Kattegat , caught fire and finally sank to the position 57 ° 11´ N / 10 ° 46´ E.
The sister ship Münster
With the Münster , Norddeutsche Lloyd also received one of its eleven sister ships in January 1931.
She was Louisiana as the second ship of the series on March 18, 1921 to the "A / S Norge-Mexico Gulf Linjen" of the shipping company Wilh. Wilhelmsen was delivered. Before the Delaware accident , the shipping company had sold the sister ship to the Ocean Line of the Flensburg shipowner Harald Schuldt in March 1928 , where it was renamed North Friesland and used to Cuba and Mexico . This shipping company sold the four ships of the line used there in the fall of 1930 (including the first two German motor-driven sea passenger ships: Rio Panuco , Rio Bravo ) to NDL, which took them over in January 1931. Named after the Westphalian university town of Münster , the ship was launched on March 18, 1931 for the NDL. It was mainly used in the Brazil service of the major German shipping company.
As part of the state reorganization of the shipping areas of the German shipping companies in 1934, the ship was chartered by the Hamburg-South American Steamship Company , bought and renamed Corrientes on December 3, 1937 .
When the war broke out in 1939, the Corrientes called at the Spanish port of Las Palmas .
In Spanish service
On September 1, 1943, the Corrientes was sold to Spain and in 1944 went to the Spanish shipping company "Naviera Aznar" in Bilbao , which renamed the ship Monte Moncayo . In 1955 it came to the "Maritima Madrilena" in Bilbao and was renamed Tajuna .
On December 10, 1957, the ship tore itself from its anchorage off Mazarron during a storm , stranded and was written off as a total loss. The wreck was towed to Cartagena for final demolition .
Sister ships
| Surname | Construction no. | GRT | length | Launched in service |
the first two ships on the line of the Wilh shipping company . Wilhelmsen others all first at Furness lines , further fate |
| Delaware | No. 21 | 4501 | 110.7 | 08/12/1920 12/23/1920 |
A / S Norge-Mexico Gulf Linjen, June 9, 1928 accrued 1929 ==> Tübingen NDL |
| Louisiana | No. 22 | 4498 | 110.7 | 10/11/1920 03/18/1921 |
v. St. as Egyptian Prince , A / S Norge-Mexico Gulf Linjen, 1928 North Friesland Ocean DAG, 1930 ==> Münster NDL |
| Lancastrian Prince | No. 23 | 3478 | 110.7 | 11/25/1920 05.1921 |
Prince Line Ltd. Liverpool 1923 renamed, Italian Prince , September 6, 1938 after fire southwest Cape Finisterre dropped |
| Tunisia | No. 24 | 3482 | 110.7 | 12/23/1920 .06.1921 |
v. St. than Castilian Prince , , Furness, Withy & Co. Liverpool, 1922 Lancastrian Prince sold in 1938 to France: Champenois , April 10, 1941 near Casablanca accrued and broken, |
| Persiana | No. 25 | 3493 | 110.7 | 06/22/1921 12/1921 |
v. St. as Corsican Prince , Furness, Withy & Co., 1922 Chickahominy , 1924 Corsican Prince Rio Cape Line, 1938 sold to France: Jean et Jaques , occupied by Germans in 1940, March 3, 1942 in front of Cap Blanc Nez by British MTBs torpedoed and sunk |
| Appomattox | No. 26 | 3491 | 110.7 | 10/4/1921 07/1922 |
Furness, Withy & Co., 1924 Sardinian Prince Rio Cape Line, sunk by Scharnhorst off Newfoundland March 16, 1941 |
| Egyptian Prince | No. 27 | 3490 | 110.7 | 11/29/1921 12/1922 |
v. St. sold as Braziliana , Prince Line Ltd., 1946 to France: Lorrain , 1953 Herculis , scrapped in 1960 |
| Alleghany | No. 28 | 3489 | 110.7 | 11/29/1921 08/1922 |
v. St. as Arabiana , Furness, Withy & Co., 1924 Castilian Prince ??, 1946 sold to France: Alsacien , 1952 Yolac , scrapped in 1963 |
| Kenmore | No. 29 | 3783 | 110.8 | October 4, 1922 02.1923 |
Johnston Line Liverpool, sold to France in 1937: Lorrain beached off Morocco on November 8, 1942 to prevent Allied takeover, later broken |
| Quernmore | No. 30 | 3787 | 110.8 | 12/4/1922 05/1923 |
Johnston Line Liverpool, sold to France in 1937: Alsacien , sunk by U 44 on January 24, 1940 |
| Sycamore | No. 31 | 3908 | 110.9 | 05/31/1923 11.1923 |
Motor ship, Johnston Line Liverpool, 1926 Castilian Prince ??, sold to the Soviet Union in 1932: Enukidze , three other names, most recently Michurin , out of service in 1965 |
| Tramore | No. 32 | 3907 | 110.9 | 09/10/1923 05/1924 |
Motor ship, Johnston Line Liverpool, 1925 Brazilian Prince , sold to the Soviet Union in 1933: Voroshilov , most recently Ilychevsk , out of service in 1974 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Kludas: Seeschiffe NDL 1920-1970 , p. 72
- ↑ a b c Kludas: Ships of the Africa Lines , p. 130
- ↑ Schmelzkopf: Handelsschiffahrt , p. 174
- ^ Rohwer: Seekrieg , p. 520
- ^ Fall of the Tübingen
- ^ Rohwer, p. 547
- ↑ a b c d e f g Kludas: NDL 1920-1970 , p. 74
Web links
- Page on the history of the shipping companies Deutsche Afrika-Linien, John T. Essberger, u. a. as well as the trading house C. Woermann under construction
- The Tübingen operations in the war
- Wreck of the Tübingen
- Delaware information
- Furness ShB, 1919-1939
- History of the Delaware
- History of Louisiana
- Furness, Withy & Co. shiplist
literature
- Arnold Kludas : The ships of the German Africa Lines 1880 to 1945 . Verlag Gerhard Stalling, 1975, ISBN 3-7979-1867-4 .
- Arnold Kludas: Die Seeschiffe des Norddeutscher Lloydt 1920 to 1970, Vol. 2, Koehler Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1992, ISBN 3-7822-0534-0 .
- Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen : Chronicle of the Naval War 1939-1945 , Manfred Pawlak VerlagsGmbH (Herrsching 1968), ISBN 3-88199-0097
- Reinhart Schmelzkopf: Die deutsche Handelsschiffahrt 1919–1939 , Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg, ISBN 3-7979-1847-X