Peterson started at the Junior World Championships 2008 in Val Venosta for the first time in an international championship. His best result was 31st place over 10 kilometers classic. In the sprint competition, he retired as 39th in the qualification. After winning a sprint competition in Ulricehamn of the Scandinavian Cup , he was nominated for the first time for a World Cup competition in March 2009 . In Lahti , he qualified for the quarter-finals of the sprint competition on his first appearance in the World Cup and finished in 16th place. In the 2009/10 season he was a permanent member of the Swedish World Cup team in sprint competitions. At the Tour de Ski 2009/2010 he surprised with a fourth and a fifth place in the sprint competitions in Oberhof and Prague . He achieved his best result of the season with sixth place in Canmore, Canada . At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , he reached the semi-finals and finished eleventh. He finished the season as 36th in the overall World Cup and twelfth in the sprint classification. Also in the season he was Swedish champion in the team sprint together with Mats Larsson . With a twelfth and an eighth place at the World Cup competitions in Liberec and Otepää , it qualified for the Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 in Oslo , where it finished 16th.
At the beginning of the 2011/12 season , Peterson won the first Nordic Opening competition . He also reached the final run in Düsseldorf, where he finished fifth. In the same place Peterson prevailed a day later against the entire competition and won his first team sprint competition with his partner Jesper Modin . At the following World Cup in Davos , he achieved his first individual podium finish in the World Cup with second place in the sprint. This was followed by a third place in the sprint in Milan, a second place together with Calle Halfvarsson in the team sprint. In January 2012 he became Swedish champion in the sprint and together with Johan Eriksson in the team sprint. At the beginning of February 2012, he won his first individual victory in the World Cup in a sprint in Moscow . At the end of the season he was second in the sprint in Lahti and second in the sprint stage at the World Cup finals in Stockholm . He finished the season in 12th place in the overall World Cup and first place in the Sprint World Cup. After finishing 66th overall at the beginning of the following season at the Nordic Opening in Kuusamo , he achieved second place in the sprint competition in Québec . In January 2013 he won a sprint race in the Scandinavian Cup in Östersund and a week later in the sprint at the World Cup in Liberec . At the end of the month, like last year, he became more Swedish in the sprint. The following month he came in Sochi together with Emil Jönsson in second place in the team sprint. At the season highlight of the Nordic World Ski Championships 2013 in the Fiemme Valley , he finished 15th in the sprint. At the end of the season, he achieved fourth place in the Sprint World Cup. At the beginning of the 2013/14 season , he came to the opening competition of the Nordic Opening in Kuusamo, which he finished in 81st place. In the further course of the season he reached four top ten positions in the individual sprint in the World Cup. The fourth place in the sprint in Lahti was his best result. In January 2014 he became Swedish sprint champion for the third time in a row. He also won the team sprint championship title together with Anton Karlsson . At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, he and Emil Jönsson won the bronze medal in the team sprint and the silver medal in the sprint. At the World Cup finals in Falun he won the sprint stage and came 19th in the overall World Cup and fourth in the Sprint World Cup.
In the following season Peterson could not repeat his good results from the previous season. After tenth place at the beginning of the season in Ruka , he finished 28th in the sprint stage at the Nordic Opening in Lillehammer , which he finished in 72nd place. In the further course of the season he did not get into the points in any World Cup sprint. In January 2015 he took second place in the sprint at the Swedish championships in Örebro . At the Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 in Falun he finished ninth together with Calle Halfvarsson in the team sprint and seventh in the sprint. In the 2015/16 season he reached 47th place at the Nordic Opening in Kuusamo and 44th place at the Ski Tour Canada 2016 and thus reached 36th place in the overall World Cup and 12th place in the Sprint World Cup. At the beginning of the 2016/17 season he finished 24th in the World Cup mini tour in Lillehammer. He came in third place in the sprint stage. At the beginning of February 2017 he became the Swedish sprint champion. At the season highlight of the Nordic World Ski Championships 2017 in Lahti, he achieved 24th place in the sprint and eighth place together with Emil Jönsson in the team sprint. At the end of the season, he came in 31st place in the World Cup finals in Québec and reached 28th place in the overall World Cup and 12th place in the Sprint World Cup. At the end of March 2017 he became Swedish champion together with Erik Silfver in the team sprint in Umeå . In the 2017/18 season he finished 54th in the Ruka Triple and 52nd in the World Cup finals in Falun . In January 2018 he was also third in the sprint in Planica and second together with Emil Jönsson in the team sprint in Dresden , reaching 44th place in the overall World Cup and 12th place in the Sprint World Cup. At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , he finished ninth in the sprint. At the end of March 2018, he and Marcus Grate became Swedish champions in the team sprint in Skellefteå . The following year he ran at the Nordic World Ski Championships in Seefeld in Tyrol on 46th place in the sprint.
On March 2, 2020, he announced his resignation on Instagram .
Sweden
Moscow
Liberec
Kuusamo
Dusseldorf