Teti II.

Name of Teti II.
Statue of Teti found near his pyramid in Saqqara ; Egyptian Museum , Cairo (JE 39103)
Horus name	Sehotep-taui S.ḥtp-t3.wj That satisfies the two countries
Sideline	Sehotep-nebti S.ḥtp-nb.tj Who satisfies the two mistresses Hotep-nebti ḥtp-nb.tj The two mistresses are satisfied
Gold name	Bik-nebu-sema Bjk-nbw-sm3 The gold hawk, the unifier
Proper name	Teti Ttj Teti
List of Kings of Abydos (Seti I) (No.34)	Teti Ttj
List of Kings of Saqqara (No.33)	Teti Ttj
Greek for  Manetho	Othoes

Teti was the first king ( Pharaoh ) of the ancient Egyptian 6th Dynasty in the ( Old Kingdom ). He ruled roughly between 2318 and 2300 BC. Chr.

Origin and family

King Teti, the founder of the 6th dynasty and second ruler with this name, did not originally come from a royal family. He came to power by marrying Iput I , a daughter of Pharaoh Unas , the last ruler of the 5th Dynasty . His father was probably Shepsipuptah , his mother Seschseschet ; he probably had a brother named Mehu . In addition to Iput, Teti had at least two other wives: Chuit and a woman, whose name is only incomplete and perhaps Chentkaus III. read.

The later Pharaoh Pepi I emerged from the marriage with Iput I. Teti also had several daughters, whose mothers are unknown. One daughter was called Inti , other daughters were named after Teti's mother Seschseschet: Nebtinubchet Seschseschet , Seschseschet Scheschit , Seschseschet Scheschti and Seschseschet Watetchethor .

His name Horus “He pacified the two countries” could be an indication that he succeeded in strengthening the empire again.

Domination

There is great uncertainty about the exact duration of Teti's reign. The year of its entry has not been preserved in the Turin Royal Papyrus from the New Kingdom . In the 3rd century BC Egyptian priest Manetho who lived in BC gives 30 (or in the version of the pseudo-Eratosthenes 33) years. The contemporary dates provide little clarity, as very few have survived that can be clearly assigned to the reign of Teti. The highest date that can be safely assigned is a "year after the 6th time of counting". This refers to the nationwide cattle count, originally introduced as the escort of Horus , for the purpose of tax collection. According to Michel Baud , the mention of an “11th Mal der Count ”in the tomb of Nikauisesi in Teti's reign, although no royal name is mentioned either. Certain problems arise from the fact that these censuses originally took place every two years (that is, an “xth year of counting” was followed by a “year after the xth time of counting”), but later sometimes also annually could take place (an “xth year of counting” was followed by the “yth year of counting”). Since, in addition to the two dates mentioned, only a few mentions of the "year of the first count" and the "year after the first count" have been handed down in the Abusir papyri , no reliable statements can be made about the regularity of the yearly count under Teti's rule. The result is a minimum term of 13 years and a maximum of 22 or 23 years. This also results in very different views of various researchers: while Thomas Schneider , for example, allows him 18 years of government, Jürgen von Beckerath only accepts ten.

The number of viziers who served under Teti is considerable: Kagemni , Mereruka , Khnumneti , Nefersechemre , Nefersechemptah , Ankhmahor , Chentikai .

death

According to Manetho, Teti was murdered by his bodyguards in a conspiracy. This could be the reason why his successor was the otherwise unknown Userkare for a short time . Teti's son and legitimate successor Pepi I came to the throne only afterwards.

Construction activity

The Teti pyramid

→ Main article : Teti pyramid

The pyramid of Teti in Saqqara measured 78.8 mx 78.8 m and was 52 m high. It is pretty much in ruins today, as are the three side pyramids for the queens. In one of these, the mummy of Queen Iput I was found in a wooden coffin. The inner walls of the pyramid of Teti, lined with limestone and granite, contain pyramid texts .

Further evidence

A broken obelisk of Teti was recently found in Heliopolis .

Statues

Statue of Teti (Cairo JE 39103), side view

The only known round sculptural image of Teti is a standing figure that was found by James Edward Quibell during the excavation campaign in 1906/07 in Saqqara a little east of the Teti pyramid in the backfilling of a grave shaft. It is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (Inv.-No. JE 39103). The statue is made of red granite and has a preserved height of 74 cm. The legs below the knees are not preserved. The statue has a back pillar and shows the king striding with his left leg forward. He has his arms close to his body and his hands clenched into fists. The king wears an apron and the white crown of Upper Egypt on his head . The eyelids and brows are three-dimensional. A beard does not seem to have been present. An inscription that would clearly assign the statue to Teti has not survived. Quibell therefore saw in her a possible portrait of Merikare from the First Intermediate Period . The attribution to Teti was made by William Stevenson Smith on the basis of two criteria: On the one hand, the location, which is very close to the Teti pyramid. On the other hand, the quality of the work appeared to him to be significantly higher than that of comparable statues from the First Intermediate Period.

Teti in the memory of ancient Egypt

In the story of Neferkare and Sasenet , which originated in the Middle or New Kingdom and is only incompletely preserved , one of the main characters - the eponymous General Sasenet - appears in the city of the dead of Memphis, the ghost of the late King Teti. However, this section of history has only survived in very fragments and the exact course of this encounter cannot be reconstructed.

The Ebers medical papyrus was probably created at the beginning of the 18th dynasty . This contains in section 468 (column 66, lines 15-18) a recipe for a hair restorer , the invention of which is attributed to Teti's mother Seschseschet (here called Sesch).

Redrawing of the Karnak King List

In the later course of the 18th Dynasty was under Thutmose III. In the Karnak Temple the so-called King List of Karnak is attached, in which the name of Pepi I is mentioned. In contrast to other ancient Egyptian king lists, this is not a complete listing of all rulers, but a shortlist that only names those kings for whom during the reign of Thutmose III. Sacrifices were made.

A visitor inscription from the time of Ramses II ( 19th dynasty ) is known from the Chendjer pyramid located south of the Djoser pyramid . She names a scribe named Naschuiu as a visitor to the pyramids of Djoser and Teti.

literature

General

• Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, Oakville 2008, ISBN 978-0-9774094-4-0 , pp. 461-463.
• Peter A. Clayton: The Pharaohs. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-8289-0661-3 , pp. 64-65.
• Martin von Falck, Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the early days to the Middle Kingdom. Marix, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-7374-0976-6 , pp. 155-160.
• Thomas Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 288.

About the name

• Journal of Egyptian Archeology. London 1914 ff., No. 6, p. 69.
• Annales du service des antiquités de l'Égypte. (ASAE) Cairo 1900 ff., Volumes 30 and 34.
• WM Flinders Petrie , Francis Llewellyn Griffith: Abydos / Part 2 (= Excavation memoirs / Egypt Exploration Fund. Volume 24). Egypt Exploration Fund / Kegan Paul Trench Trübner, London a. a. 1903, plate 17, papyrus 1–5.
• Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department. (MDIAK) Wiesbaden 1930 ff. No. 20, p. 43 (86).
• Catalog Général des Antiquités Egyptienennes du Musée du Caire. No. 34188.

To the pyramid

• Rainer Stadelmann : The Egyptian pyramids. From brick construction to the wonder of the world (= cultural history of the ancient world . Volume 30). 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1991, ISBN 3-8053-1142-7 , pp. 188-193.
• Miroslav Verner : The pyramids (= rororo non-fiction book. Volume 60890). Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-499-60890-1 , pp. 380-386.
• Mark Lehner: Secret of the Pyramids . ECON, Düsseldorf 1997, ISBN 3-572-01039-X , pp. 156-157.
• Zahi Hawass: The Treasures of the Pyramids. Weltbild-Verlag, Augsburg 2004, ISBN 3-8289-0809-8 , pp. 266-267.
• Michel Wuttmann: Etude des concrétion salines dans la pyramide de Téti, à Saqqarah. In: Göttinger Miscellen . (GM) No. 88, Göttingen 1985, pp. 77-90.

Questions of detail

• Michel Baud: The Relative Chronology of Dynasties 6 and 8. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (Eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83 ). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 90-04-11385-1 , pp. 144-158 ( online ).
• Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, London 2004, ISBN 977-424-878-3 , pp. 70-78.
• Hans Goedicke : Royal documents from the Old Kingdom (= Egyptological treatises. [ÄA] Vol. 14). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1967, p. 37ff.
• Jaromir Malek: The 'Altar' in the Pillared Court of Teti's Pyramid-Temple at Saqqara: Pyramid Studies and other Essays Presented to IES Edwards. In: Egypt Exploration Society Occasional Publications. (EESOP) No. 7, London 1988, pp. 23-34.
• Hartwig Altenmüller in: Festschrift Beckerath (= Hildesheim Egyptological contributions. [HÄB] No. 30). 1990, pp. 1-29
• Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronology of the pharaonic Egypt. von Zabern, Mainz 1994, ISBN 3-8053-2310-7 , pp. 27, 39, 56, 76, 148-149, 152, 155, 188.

Web links

Commons : Teti II.  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Name variants
• The Ancient Egypt Site
• Teti II. On Digital Egypt (engl.)

Remarks

1. ↑ A translation of the proper name cannot be found in specialist publications.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Year numbers according to Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs . Düsseldorf 2002.
2. ↑ Michel Baud: The Relative Chronology of Dynasties 6 and 8. Leiden / Boston 2006, pp. 145-146, 156.
3. ^ Thomas Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Düsseldorf 2002, p. 288.
4. ↑ Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronology of the Pharaonic Egypt. Mainz 1994, p. 152.
5. ↑ James Edward Quibell: Excavations at Saqqara (1906-1907). Service des antiquités de l'Égypte, Cairo 1908, pp. 19, 77, Pl.XXXI ( PDF; 11.8 MB )
6. ^ William Stevenson Smith: A History of Egyptian Sculpture and Painting in the Old Kingdom. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1949, p. 82
7. ↑ Dagmar Stockfisch: Investigations into the cult of the dead of the Egyptian king in the Old Kingdom. The decoration of the royal cults for the dead (= Antiquitates.rchäologische Forschungsforschung. Volume 25). Kovač, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-8300-0857-0 , p. 43.
8. ^ Günter Burkard , Heinz J. Thissen: Introduction to the ancient Egyptian literary history. Volume 1: Günter Burkard: Old and Middle Kingdom (= introductions and source texts on Egyptology. Volume 1). LIT, Berlin a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6132-5 , pp. 187-191.
9. ↑ Medizin-papyri.de - Papyrus Ebers, Column LXVI ( Memento from February 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
10. ↑ Dietrich Wildung : The role of Egyptian kings in the consciousness of their posterity. Part I. Posthumous sources on the kings of the first four dynasties (= Munich Egyptological Studies. (MÄS) Vol. 17). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin, 1969, pp. 60–63.
11. ↑ Dietrich Wildung: The role of Egyptian kings in the consciousness of their posterity. Part I. Posthumous sources on the kings of the first four dynasties (= Munich Egyptological Studies. (MÄS) Vol. 17). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin, 1969, pp. 72–74.

predecessor	Office	successor
Unas	Pharaoh of Egypt 6th Dynasty (beginning)	Userkare