Theodor Däubler

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Portrait of Otto Hettner
Theodor Däubler around 1926 on a photograph by Genja Jonas
Honorary grave of Theodor Däubler in the Heerstrasse cemetery in Berlin-Westend

Theodor Adolph Johannes Eduard Däubler (born August 17, 1876 in Trieste , Austria-Hungary; † June 13, 1934 in St. Blasien , Black Forest) was an Austro-German writer, epic poet, poet, narrator and art critic.

Life

Däubler was born on August 17, 1876 as the son of a Silesian mother and a father from Swabia in Trieste, the most important port in Austria-Hungary, where he was raised bilingual, German-Italian. His father was the businessman Carl Däubler (born September 29, 1852 in Augsburg, † January 1941 in Vienna), his wife Octavia, b. Brehmer (born October 3, 1855 in Breslau; † November 1, 1905 at Semmering near Vienna). Both parents originally belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, the mother later converted to Protestantism; the marriage on October 28, 1875 took place according to the Protestant rite in Trieste.

Däubler had three sisters:

Elena (born April 11, 1880 in Trieste, † September 1935 in Prague); married Däubler's friend, the painter Otto Theodor Wolfgang Stein , in Vienna in 1902/03 , and after their divorce, around 1924, the painter Willi Nowak , professor at the Prague Art Academy.

Elsa (born July 6, 1885 in Trieste, † September 25, 1965 in Vienna); married the ministerial official Emerich Lökher (born August 3, 1875, † January 11, 1913).

Edith (born December 6, 1888 in Trieste, † May 12, 1955 in Berlin); married the factory owner Egmund Schamberg in his first marriage; After his death (1913) during the First World War she worked as a secretary in Herwarth Walden's gallery Der Sturm ; got engaged to Johannes R. Becher in 1916 ; married the painter Robert Michael (Bob) Bell in Berlin in 1918/19, from whom she divorced in the 1920s.

Däubler spent his youth in Trieste and Venice . After graduating from high school, he moved to Vienna with his parents, but soon began an unsteady vagante life that led him to Naples , Berlin , Paris and Florence , among other places . Between 1910 and 1914 he wandered through Italy. During the First World War he lived in Berlin and Dresden . In 1919 he went to Geneva .

From 1910 onwards, Däubler's first works appeared, which were enthusiastically received by the poets of the emerging expressionism , including Das Nordlicht (1910), a powerful verse epic in three volumes that Däubler had been working on since 1898. He revised this so-called "Florentine version" and it was reissued in 1921/22 in two volumes as the "Geneva version". The verse epic was enthusiastically interpreted in a monograph by the then young political philosopher Carl Schmitt in 1916 (Schmitt, Carl: Theodor Däubler's 'Nordlicht' - three studies on the elements, the spirit and the topicality of the work. Munich 1916). A late “Athens version” remained a fragment. In 1919, Kurt Pinthus included 17 Däubler's poems in his very influential anthology of expressionist poetry, Menschheitsdämmerung . In 1921 Däubler went to Greece, from where he also toured Egypt, Syria and Palestine and wrote occasional travel reports for German newspapers. In January 1921, Däubler visited the Swiss health resort of Arosa for the first time . During another stay in the autumn of 1928 he probably wrote a text about this place that appeared in the magazine Atlantis in February 1929 . In 1926, Däubler returned to Germany seriously ill. After his recovery he began new journeys that took him to Italy, Scandinavia, England, France and the Balkans, among others.

In 1932 he fell ill with tuberculosis . After a stroke in 1933, his sister took him to St. Blasien for a cure, where he died in mid-June 1934 at the age of 57 in the St. Blasien sanatorium .

The burial took place in the Heerstraße cemetery in Berlin's Charlottenburg district (today's Westend district ). The first draft for a grave monument came from Däubler's friend Ernst Barlach and provided for a large rectangular table with a floating genius with the features of the deceased. The implementation failed because the Reichsschrifttumskammer refused to provide money for Barlach's work. The preserved, simpler memorial is the work of Wilhelm Wulff , another friend of Däubler's. It is a grave slab with relief inscriptions on the long sides - quotes from the dead man's writings: "I believe in the power of the sun." - "The world reconciles and the spirit drowns out."

Honors

At the end of the 1920s, Däubler was repeatedly honored for his work. He received the Goethe Medal, became a member of the Academy of Arts , an honorary doctorate from the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin and chairman of the German PEN Club (December 1927).

By resolution of the Berlin Senate , Theodor Däubler's final resting place in the Heerstraße cemetery (grave location: Field 16-B-20) has been dedicated to the State of Berlin as an honorary grave since 1958 . The dedication was last extended in 2016 by the now usual period of twenty years.

Works

The Northern Lights. Florentine Edition. page 1
The Northern Lights. Florentine edition. Closing lines signed by the author. Copy from the possession of Conrad Felixmüller
  • The northern lights. Florentine edition. Georg Müller, Munich et al. 1910, (in 700 numbered copies), online ; (Geneva version. Insel Verlag, Leipzig 1921–1922).
  • Ode and chants. Verlag der Neue Blätter, Dresden-Hellerau et al. 1913 (120 copies on handmade paper; was added to the “Hymne to Italy” in 1916).
  • We don't want to linger. Autobiographical Fragments. Georg Müller, Munich 1914.
  • Hesperia. A symphony. Georg Müller, Munich et al. 1915.
  • The starlit way. Hellerauer Verlag, Dresden-Hellerau 1915.
  • Hymn to Italy. Georg Müller, Munich 1916.
  • Hymn to Venice. Barger, Berlin 1916 (war print of the Cranach press, Weimar, 100 copies).
  • With a silver sickle. Hellerauer Verlag, Dresden-Hellerau 1916 digitized .
  • The new point of view. Hellerauer Verlag, Dresden-Hellerau 1916.
  • In the struggle for modern art (= tribune of art and time. A collection of fonts. No. 3, ZDB -ID 532403-8 ). Reiss, Berlin 1919.
  • The stairs to the northern lights. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1920.
  • The pearls of Venice. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1921.
  • The creepy count. The werewolf. The flying lights. Banas & Dette, Hanover 1921, (novellas), digitized .
  • The holy Mount Athos. A symphony III. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1923.
  • Paan and Dithyrambos. A phantasmagoria. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1924.
  • Attic sonnets. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1924, digitized .
  • The treasure of the island. Zsolnay, Berlin et al. 1925, (story).
  • Invitation to the sun (= confessions. A series of writings of life and soul images of today's poets. Book 11, ZDB -ID 844228-9 = Extraordinary publication by the Society of Book Friends in Chemnitz. 14 = Publication by the Society of Book Friends in Chemnitz. 22). Society of Book Friends, Chemnitz 1926, digitized .
  • Knitwear. Novellas. Horen-Verlag, Berlin-Grunewald 1927.
  • L'Africana. Novel. Horen-Verlag, Berlin-Grunewald 1928.
  • The marble quarry. Narration (= Reclams Universal Library. No. 7075, ZDB -ID 134899-1 ). Reclam, Leipzig 1930.
  • The goddess with the torch. Novel of a little trip. German Book Community, Berlin 1931.
  • Seals and writings. Edited by Friedhelm Kemp . Kosel, Munich 1956.
  • The northern lights . (= Critical edition. Vol. 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3). Ed. v. Stefan Nienhaus, Dieter Werner, Paolo Chiarini and Walter Schmitz, Dresden: Thelem 2004.
  • I prose . (= Critical Edition. Vol. 2). Ed. v. Stefan Nienhaus, Dieter Werner, Paolo Chiarini and Walter Schmitz, Dresden: Thelem 2017, ISBN 978-3-933592-48-4 .
Publications in magazines, newspapers, and editorials
  • Deux Peintres Polonais. Gotlieb e Slewinski . In: L'Europe Artiste. Series Nouvelle 1. Paris: Bureau du journal 1904, pp. 39–45.
  • From the epic of ancient Rome . In: Neue Blätter 1 (1912). Issue 3, pp. 18-19.
  • The nightwalker . In: Neue Blätter 1 (1912). Issue 1, p. 3.
  • Poems: The Lenz, Orpheus, Swabia, The Tree, What ?, The Blind . In: Der Brenner 3 (1912). Issue 4, pp. 141-151.
  • Poems: Golden Sonnets I + II, Wing Lame Trial , pp. 343, 397.
  • Ode and chants: Ode to Rome, Sang to Siena, Sang to Pisa, Sang to Volterra . In: Neue Blätter 2 (1912). Issue 5/6, pp. 5-42.
  • Snow . In: Neue Blätter 1 (1912). Issue 7, pp. 49-56.
  • Däubler, Theodor: exploration, hymn to Sicily, sang to Genoa . In: Neue Blätter 3 (1913). Issue 4 “Däublerheft”, pp. 3–64.
  • Sang to Milan . In: The Action V (1915). Issue 18/19, pp. 217-225.
  • Messalina . In: The Action V (1915). Issue 20/21, pp. 249-250.
  • The Ferrara drama. (Parisina, Ugo, The Parrot) . In: The Action V (1915). Issue 22/23, p. 277.
  • Picasso. An essay . In: The Action V (1915). Issue 33/34, pp. 409-419.
  • October. At the sea . In: The Action V (1915). Issue 39/40. Special issue: Sixth Lyric Anthology, p. 485.
  • The Russian . In: The Action V (1915). Issue 43/44, pp. 534-535.
  • Paul Gauguin . In: The Action V (1915). Issue 51, pp. 633-634.
  • About art in Italy today . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 7/8, pp. 103-104.
  • Theodor Däubler - issue . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 11/12, pp. 131–156.
  • Note about the painter Hans Richter . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 13, pp. 181-182.
  • Comments on Shakespeare's "What You Want" . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 16/17, pp. 233-234.
  • Sang to Amalfi . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 20/21, pp. 261-267.
  • The pigeon . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 24/25, pp. 328/331.
  • The short day . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 27/28. Special issue Germany, p. 393.
  • The seeds . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 31/32, p. 440.
  • The rider . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 39/40, pp. 544-545.
  • Ghosts . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 41/42, p. 570.
  • with Ferdinand Hardkopf: 7 ballads . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 45/46, pp. 607-614.
  • Munch. 1st part . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 47/48, pp. 638-644.
  • Munch. 2nd part . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 49/50, pp. 666-670.
  • The oath . In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 51/52, p. 709.
  • Alphonse de Lamartine: Tasso's dungeon . Adaptation by Theodor Däubler. In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 14/15, p. 193.
  • Aldo Palazzeschi: X-rays . Transferred by Theodor Däubler. In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 3/4, pp. 27-29.
  • Aldo Palazzeschi: The portraits of wet nurses. Heavenly insights . Transferred by Theodor Däubler. In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 3/4, pp. 87-89 / 92.
  • Aldo Palazzeschi: Visit to Countess Eva Pizzardini Bo . Transferred by Theodor Däubler. In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 14/15, pp. 183-186.
  • Émile Verhaeren: The excerpt . Transferred by Theodor Däubler. In: The Action VI (1916). Issue 5/6, pp. 53-56.
  • About Albert Kollmann . In: H. v. Flotow (Ed.): Albert Kollmann. A life for art . Berlin-Friedenau: Verlag der Kröpelinschen Buchhandlung 1921, pp. 21-29.

Secondary literature, reviews

(chronologically)

  • Hugo Neugebauer: A Sibylline Book. In: The burner . Vol. 1, Issue 13, 1910, pp. 345-359.
  • Paul Adler : Theodor Däubler. A conversation with the unwilling reader about a poet. In: Pan . Vol. 2, Issue 18, 1912, pp. 536-540.
  • Paul Adler: Northern Lights. In: The literary echo . Vol. 14, issue 24, 1912, pp. 1683-1690.
  • Johannes Schlaf : Theodor Däubler . In: The burner. Vol. 3, Heft 3, 1912, pp. 120-127.
  • Viktor Bitterlich: To Theodor Däubler. In: The burner. Vol. 3, No. 4, 1912, p. 205.
  • Hugo Neugebauer: In honor of Theodor Däublers. In: The burner. Vol. 3, No. 4, 1912, pp. 198-204.
  • Friedrich Markus Huebner : Theodor Däubler. We don't want to linger. Autobiographical Fragments. (Review). In: The Action . Vol. 4, issue 36/37, 1914, pp. 765-766.
  • Erhard Buschbeck : Däubler's "Hesperien". (Review). In: The Action. Vol. 6, issue 26, 1916, pp. 362-363.
  • Adalbert Elschenbroich:  Däubler, Theodor. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , pp. 470-472 ( digitized version ).
  • Albrecht Franke : Däubler in Sankt Blasien . In: Albrecht Franke: Last hike. Stories. Union-Verlag, Berlin 1983, pp. 67-95.
  • Else Lasker-Schüler : Our playmate Theodorio Däubler. In: Else Lasker-Schüler: The Prince of Thebes and other prose (= dtv 10644). Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-423-10644-1 , p. 206 f.
  • Alphons Hämmerle: I believe in the power of the sun. Theodor Däubler. In: Alphons Hämmerle: Spruch und contradiction. European poetry. 12 essays (= Central Swiss poetry and prose texts. Central Swiss prose texts. Vol. 6). Cantina-Verlag, Goldau 1989, ISBN 3-85714-023-2 , pp. 27-33.
  • Friedhelm Kemp : Theodor Däubler. In: Gunter E. Grimm, Frank Rainer Max (Ed.): German poets. Life and work of German-speaking authors. Volume 7: From the beginning to the middle of the 20th century (= Reclams Universal Library. No. 8617). Reclam, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-15-008617-5 , pp. 9-15.
  • Peter Demetz : Franz Pfemfert's "Action". Theodor Däubler and Futurism. In: Peter Demetz: Words in Freedom. Italian futurism and the German literary avant-garde (1912–1934). With detailed documentation (= Piper. Vol. 1186). Piper, Munich et al. 1990, ISBN 3-492-11186-6 , pp. 63-77 and 264-292.
  • Hansgeorg Schmidt-Bergmann : The word fills the room - Theodor Däubler. In: Hansgeorg Schmidt-Bergmann: The beginnings of the literary avant-garde in Germany. About adaptation and defense of Italian futurism. A literary-historical contribution to the expressionist decade. M und P - Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-476-45008-2 , pp. 226-242, (at the same time: Karlsruhe, University, dissertation, 1990).
  • Nicolaus Sombart : Theodor Däubler's Northern Lights - also a book by Carl Schmitt. In: Nicolaus Sombart: The German men and their enemies. Carl Schmitt - a German fate between the male union and the matriarchal myth. Hanser, Munich et al. 1991, ISBN 3-446-15881-2 , pp. 122-154.
  • Christine Holste: The Forte Circle. (1910-1915). Reconstruction of a utopian attempt. M und P - Verlag for Science and Research, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-476-45018-X (also: Berlin, Free University, dissertation, 1991).
  • Idea of ​​the Northern Lights (Theodor Däubler). In: Peter Sloterdijk , Thomas H. Macho (ed.): World revolution of the soul. A reading and working book of Gnosis from late antiquity to the present. Artemis and Winkler, Munich et al. 1993, ISBN 3-7608-1090-X , pp. 580-587.
  • Moritz Baßler : The star game. On the proliferation of texture (Theodor Däubler). In: Moritz Baßler: The discovery of texture. Incomprehensibility in the short prose of emphatic modernism 1910–1916 (= Studies on German Literature. Vol. 134). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 1994, ISBN 3-484-18134-6 , pp. 60-78, (at the same time: Tübingen, Universität, Dissertation, 1993).
  • Lothar Müller: Electrical Ecstasies. Cataclystical nature and technical modernity with Theodor Däubler. In: Eberhard Lämmert , Girogio Cusatelli (ed.): Avant-garde, modernity, catastrophe. Letteratura, arte e scienza fra Germania e Italia nel primo '900 (= Studi italo-tedeschi. Vol. 4). Leo S. Olschki, Firenze 1995, ISBN 88-222-4352-8 , pp. 141-168.
  • Modern textures using the example of abstract prose. (Däubler, Theodor: The screw). In: Moritz Baßler, Christoph Brecht et al. (Ed.): Historicism and literary modernity. Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 1996, ISBN 3-484-10725-1 , pp. 181-196.
  • Dieter Werner (Ed.): Theodor Däubler. Biography and work. The lectures of the Dresden Däubler Symposium 1992 (= German studies in the Gardez! Vol. 5). Gardez! -Verlag, Mainz 1996, ISBN 3-928624-39-3 .
  • Thomas Keller: World experience and foreign experience. On Theodor Däubler's mythology. In: Moritz Baßler, Hildegard Châtellier (ed.): Mystique, mysticisme et modernité en Allemagne autour de 1900. Études. = Mysticism, mysticism and modernity in Germany around 1900. Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 1998, ISBN 2-86820-004-4 , pp. 255–278.
  • Thomas Keller: Strangeness without alterity. Theodor Däubler's northern lights mythology. In: Bernd Thum , Thomas Keller (eds.): Intercultural life courses (= Stauffenburg Discussion. Studies on inter- and multiculturalism. Vol. 10). Stauffenburg-Verlag, Tübingen 1998, ISBN 3-86057-038-2 , pp. 191-234.
  • Raymond Furness: Theodor Däubler. In: Raymond Furness: Zarathustra's Children. A Study of a Lost Generation of German Writers. Camden House, Rochester NY et al. 2000, ISBN 1-571-13057-8 , pp. 152-172.
  • Alexander Dettmar: North German brick Gothic. In the footsteps of Ernst Barlach and Theodor Däubler (= publications of the Ernst Barlach Foundation. Series B; No. 7, ZDB -ID 2218587-2 ). Edited by Volker Probst. Ernst Barlach Foundation, Güstrow 2000. (quotations from Däubler 84, Zell 76, Rietzschel 88).
  • Stefan Nienhaus: Gertrude Steins and Theodor Däubler's Picasso. In: Studia theodisca. Vol. 7, 2000, pp. 81-96, doi : 10.13130 ​​/ 1593-2478 / 1447 .
  • Dieter Werner (Ed.): Theodor Däubler. To the appearance of the spiritual landscape of Europe in art. The lectures of the Berlin Däubler Symposium from 1996 (= Edition M & N. Vol. 4). M & N, Dillenburg 2000, ISBN 3-928796-04-6 , 286 pp.
  • Now massive darkness rose quickly from the valleys - Theodor Däubler on the play of light and colors in Arosa. In: Ueli Haldimann (Ed.): Arosa. Hermann Hesse, Thomas Mann and others in Arosa. Texts and images from two centuries. AS-Verlag und Buchkonzept, Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-905111-67-5 , pp. 91–94.
  • Carola von Edlinger: Cosmogonic and mythical world designs from an interdiscursive perspective. Studies on Phantasus (Arno Holz), The Northern Lights (Theodor Däubler) and Die Kugel (Otto zur Linde) (= studies on German and European literature of the 19th and 20th centuries. Vol. 46). Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2002, ISBN 3-631-38356-8 (also: Mainz, University, dissertation, 2001).
  • Stefanie Sonnentag: walks through literary Capri and Naples. Arche-Verlag, Zurich et al. 2003, ISBN 3-7160-2316-7 .
  • Iris Radisch : Message from above. The polar night in Tromsö, Norway and the wait for the northern lights. In: The time . No. 7, dated February 10, 2005.
  • Ulrich Klappstein: "Northern Lights". Theodor Däubler in Arno Schmidt's work . Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-89528-926-2 .

Web links

Commons : Theodor Däubler  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Theodor Däubler  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ August Sauer, Georg Stefansky, Hermann Pongs, Hans Werner Pyritz: Euphorion, Volume 38, CC Buchner, 1937, p. 210.
  2. ↑ Birgit Jochens, Herbert May: The cemeteries in Charlottenburg. History of the cemetery facilities and their tomb culture . Stapp, Berlin 1994, ISBN 978-3-87776-056-7 . P. 227.
  3. ↑ Honorary graves of the State of Berlin (as of November 2018) . (PDF, 413 kB) Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection, p. 15. Accessed on November 8, 2019. Recognition and further preservation of graves as honorary graves of the State of Berlin (PDF, 205 kB). Berlin House of Representatives, printed matter 17/3105 of July 13, 2016, p. 1 and Annex 2, p. 3. Accessed on November 8, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Däubler, Theodor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Däubler, Theodor Adolph Johannes Eduard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH 17th August 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH Trieste
DATE OF DEATH June 13, 1934
Place of death St. Blasien , Black Forest