Transport wheel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electrically driven transport wheel from Deutsche Post AG
The symbol for cargo bikes included in the German road traffic regulations in 2020

The transport bike , cargo bike or cargo bike is a bike that is used to transport loads or people. Depending on the task and area of ​​application, they are equipped with various attachments and superstructures. The range of applications can be expanded by equipping it with an electric drive ( → see E-Cargobike ).

Designs

Bakery wheel (1955), which is manufactured unchanged. Permits over 100 kg load.

Cargo bikes have two, three or less often four wheels .

Common transport two-wheelers such as the baker's bike, the mail bike and the muzzle loader (also known as Long John ) usually have a larger loading area in front of the handlebars. The load is in the driver's view and the bike remains agile and easy to maneuver.

  • The baker's bike has a large, stable luggage rack in front of the handlebar and was originally used to transport baked goods . The front wheel is usually smaller than the rear wheel in order to keep the center of gravity low and not to obstruct the unobstructed view of the load. The post bicycle for postmen has almost the same structure with usually a deep step to make it easier to get on and off frequently. Boxes and pockets for letters and parcels are often attached to both the back and the front. The stable and wide stand under the loading area often has wheels that make it easier to get up. This design was traditionally the most common in Germany.
Danish cargo bike Long John
  • The “muzzle loader” has a low loading area between the handlebar and the front wheel, which has been moved further forward. The steering movement is transmitted via rods or cables. Long John , which is particularly well-known from Denmark , has been produced in largely unchanged form by various manufacturers since around 1930 . For several years now, a number of Northern European manufacturers have been offering transport bikes of this design with the associated transport box, which is usually also intended for transporting children. At the Dutch Bakfiets, for example, the loading area is replaced by the transport box.
  • "Front loaders" have characteristics of both the bakery wheel and the muzzle loader. The loading area is above the small front wheel, which is only slightly forward and is controlled by a linkage.
  • Longtails have an extended wheelbase behind the seat and transport their cargo to the right and left as well as above the rear wheel, on luggage rack (s) or in saddlebags. The central elevation makes them particularly suitable for transporting several co-drivers who sit astride the driver.
  • "Breech loader" : It is a rarer type that resembles a tandem . Instead of the rear seat, it has a luggage box or loading area.
Overview of the transport capacity of common models
Brand (country) Type platform

L × W in cm

Max. Payload

in kg

Max. Total weight

in kg

Maderna (A) MSRC XXL Truck 80 × 60 120
Riese & Müller (D) Load light 60 x 39-45 200
Riese & Müller (D) Packster 80 80 × 67 100 190
Larry vs Harry (DK) Bullitt 70 × 46 180 204
Wheeled carriage (D) musketeer 120 × 90 300
Nihola cargo bike

Cargo tricycles have a lower loading area either at the front or at the rear, with a wheel on the left and right side.

  • If the loading area is between the two rear wheels, either only one of the wheels is driven or a differential must be provided. The steering takes place in the usual way via the single front wheel in a fork . Rickshaws and bicycle taxis are examples of this design principle.
  • Tricycles with a loading area between the front wheels have two steered front wheels and one driven rear wheel. The load is in the driver's field of vision. Up to 30,000 such bikes are driving through Copenhagen today . If the front wheels are rigidly connected to the loading area, the wheel is steered by a cumbersome turntable steering, in which the load swivels with the steering. A stub axle steering improves handling by articulating each front wheel individually. For example, with the cargo bikes from the Danish bicycle manufacturer Nihola . The easy handling and maneuverability of two-wheelers can only be achieved by three-wheelers if a front pivot axis or parallelogram construction also allows the main frame with the driver to tilt in the direction of the curve.

operation area

Canary Coffee Bike , International Tourism Exchange Berlin (ITB) 2016

Sales bikes are three or less often four-wheeled and, in addition to the counter or cool box, often also have a hood or awning as rain and sun protection. Large cargo bikes can also be equipped with their own flushing water supply or electrically operated cooling units .

advancement

This paragraph shows the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

The Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA) promotes the purchase of electrically assisted "heavy duty bicycles" with a partial reimbursement of the purchase price of up to 2500 euros . The Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection (SenUVK) of the State of Berlin sponsored the purchase of any cargo bike in the autumn of 2018 with half a million euros. The program is to be set up again in 2020 and continued with the same funding for the coming years. The City of Vienna has been promoting the purchase of cargo bikes by private individuals and entrepreneurs since the beginning of March 2017 .

Under the umbrella of the Forum for Free Cargo Bikes and Accompanying Research by the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), 79 initiatives in predominantly German-speaking countries came together in 2018 to show ways to socially responsible traffic change in urban areas through free cargo bike rental .

Relevance as a means of transport

On March 20 and 21, 2017, the European Cycle Logistics Federation (“European Bicycle Logistics Federation ”) held a meeting on the subject of transport by cargo bike in Vienna's Museumsquartier : It is estimated that almost a quarter of truck trips in cities are made by cargo bikes could be replaced, in particular for the fine distribution of the transported goods, the "last mile " (the delivery).

In a three-year research project, the Institute for Transport Research of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) examined user acceptance and environmental effects as well as usage behavior in the commercial and government sectors and provided 150 transport bikes across Germany: According to this, cargo bikes and delivery vans reached distances of up to three Kilometers at the same time their destination; For longer distances, the bike is two to ten minutes later at the destination in fifty percent of cases. The experimental setup did not consider violations of the traffic regulations as well as times for searching for a parking space and walking distances, which could significantly reduce the difference between the means of transport in real terms and, according to the researchers, is a “relevant result for transport policy ”.

Legal position

Germany

As of September 2019, single-track bikes up to 4 m in length, 2.50 m in height and 1 m in width are allowed to use bike paths. The situation remains unclear if the load is more than 1 m wide.

On the cycle path you can also cycle electrically with pedelecs up to 250 W and 25 km / h and pushing aid up to 6 km / h. S-Pedelecs that have motor assistance with 500 W up to 45 km / h are not allowed to use cycle paths.

Austria

With a change in the road traffic regulations , which will take effect from April 1, 2019, bicycles with a wheelbase greater than 1.70 m may also use lanes next to cycling facilities (e.g. cycle paths). For example, for a normal Bullitt with a wheelbase of around 185 cm, the previous obligation to use cycle lanes has been lifted since spring 2019. If no trailer with a width of more than 100 cm is pulled, bicycle traffic facilities may also be used.

If a cargo bike has a wheelbase of less than or equal to 170 cm, these shorter cargo bikes are obliged to use cycle traffic facilities.

Events

Trade fairs, conferences

The International Cargo Bike Festival has been taking place annually since 2014, in Groningen (NL) in Nijmegen .

As part of the Velo Berlin exhibition, there is a cargo bike race.

In Berlin took place 24.-26. October 2019 the 1st National Bicycle Logistics Conference will take place.

Cargo bike races

Even in the past, delivery races were held on bakery bicycles. Cargo bike races take place repeatedly at bicycle messenger championships, for example at Karmeliterplatz in Graz in 2008. The 11th consecutive cargo bike race took place in Copenhagen on August 14, 2019; Svajerløb (the cargo cyclists were called Svajer because they swayed while driving ; løb = race) has a tradition of around 100 years, but has not been ridden for several decades. It is currently (2018) driven near the Carlsberg brewery .

The International Cargo Bike Race has been held annually on Tempelhofer Feld in Berlin since 2015 . The 8th International Berlin Cargo Bike Race - Top of the Roof will take place on November 16, 2019 on the roof of the X-berg Parking multi-storey car park in 6 classes, has a participation fee of € 10 and is already fully booked on October 31, 2019.

In Dortmund there has been a cargo bike race every year since April 15, 2016 - as part of the DEW21 E-Bike Festival - and a Critical Mass ride. In Münster under the motto - Westphalia, D, the first duty cycle race was on Oct. 3, 2017 driven Leeze & Last, lactate .

On Car Free Day , September 22, 2019, a load cycle race took place again as last year Würzburg instead.

In Bremen a sixth load bicycle ride was held in 2019 already, in Kiel at the locked for alterations keel line under the title " Fjord , freight and driving pleasure" on 22 September of 2019.

There was a cargo bike race at the Velo Frankfurt 2019 exhibition .

A cargo bike race has been ridden indoors at the Fahrrad Essen trade fair since 2018.

The second Cargobike Day will take place in Stuttgart on September 13, 2020. The organizer is the City of Stuttgart and the State Ministry of Transport .

gallery

Web links

Commons : Transport Wheels  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Musketeer on radkutsche.de, accessed on June 9, 2016
  2. ↑ Holger Dambeck: Who should really own the street. City traffic in Germany. In: Spiegel Online . September 15, 2011, accessed January 12, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Heavy-duty bicycles. Module 5 - Cargo bicycles and cargo trailers with electric drive for bicycle-bound cargo transport. In: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA). Retrieved September 14, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Claudius Prösser: cargo bike-promotion. Greyhounds idle. In: The daily newspaper (taz). taz Verlags u. Vertriebs GmbH, September 24, 2018, accessed on September 14, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Cargo bike funding is being reorganized. Funding amount of 500,000 euros for private and commercial users remains. Press release. In: Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection (SenUVK). September 12, 2019, accessed September 14, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Cargo bikes instead of trucks: Conference in Vienna orf.at, March 20, 2017, accessed March 20, 2017.
  7. ↑ Welcome to the forum for free cargo bikes. Retrieved June 1, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Sophia Becker, Florian Egermann: Do the traffic turnaround yourself. Cargo bike sharing. In: re: publica May 18 , 2018, accessed June 1, 2018 .
  9. ↑ "I relieve cities": The cargo bike test offer for commercial and public users. Institute for Transport Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), accessed on June 1, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Johannes Gruber, Santhanakrishnan Narayanan: Travel Time Differences Between Cargo Cycles and Cars in Commercial Transport Operations (manuscript). In: DLR Electronic Library. German Aerospace Center (DLR), January 2019, accessed on September 14, 2019 (English).
  11. ↑ Johannes Gruber: What is faster on the last mile. Cargo bike or car? In: Cargo bike test. Web portal of the research project “I relieve cities”. German Aerospace Center (DLR). Institute for Transport Research, January 2019, accessed on September 14, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Traffic law on the safe side lastenrad.vcd.org, VCD, information status April 2014, accessed September 10, 2019.
  13. ↑ With the cargo bike on the cycle path in Austria cargobike.jetzt> Tips> Cycling Path Use, Arne Behrensen, Berlin, accessed September 10, 2019.
  14. ↑ International Cargo Bike Festival accessed October 31, 2019.
  15. ↑ rlvd-bike / conference
  16. ↑ Axel Hellriegl: Svajerløb 2018, accessed October 31, 2019 (German)
  17. ^ The International Cargo Bike Race Berlin 2019. In: Cargobike Berlin. Stefan Ottjes, accessed on August 16, 2019 .
  18. ↑ 1st Berlin cargo bike race 2015 Andreas Kuppinger, youtube.com, March 23, 2015, accessed October 31, 2019. - Video (2:31)
  19. ↑ 8. INT. BERLIN CARGO BIKE RACE - Top of the Roof cargo-bike.berlin, accessed October 31, 2019.
  20. ↑ https://ebike-festival.org ebike-festival.org, accessed April 25, 2020. - After the cancellation in 2020 due to the corona pandemic , the 5th event was announced for 2021.
  21. ↑ Simon: 1st Münster cargo bike race pedalkultur.blog, October 4, 2017, accessed October 31, 2019.
  22. ↑ Simon Chrobak: Last, Leeze & Laktat - 1st Cargo Bike Race Münster youtube.com, December 4, 2017, accessed October 31, 2019.
  23. ↑ Cargo Bike Race - The Würzburg cargo bike race accessed October 31, 2019.
  24. ↑ # fördefrachtfahrspaß Instagram Posts gramho.com
  25. ↑ Frank Behling: Kiellinie became the climate mile kn-online.de, September 22, 2019, accessed October 31, 2019.
  26. ↑ Fjord, Freight and Driving Fun pictame.com, accessed October 31, 2019.
  27. ↑ mrcFFM: Velo Frankfurt 2019 cargobikeforum.de, June 16, 2019, accessed October 31, 2019.
  28. ↑ Cargo Bike Race Essen 2019 - Teaser , accessed October 31, 2019.
  29. ↑ Cargo Bike Day Stuttgart