Triana (Seville)
Triana is a quarter ( barrio ) of the Spanish city of Seville and one of eleven administrative districts of this city. Triana is known as one of the historical and contemporary centers of flamenco . In 2012, around 50,000 people lived in the district.
location
Triana is located in the western part of Seville between two arms of the Guadalquivir on the Isla de Cartuja . The eastern branch of the river separates the district from the walled historic city center of Seville.
Adjacent to the south is the Los Remedios district , to the east the Casco Antiguo and Macarena districts . In the north, the districts of Norte and the municipality of Santiponce border Triana; to the west the municipalities of Camas , Tomares and San Juan de Aznalfarache .
Myth and Etymology
According to a myth, Heracles , the legendary founder of Seville, fell in love with the goddess Astarte . She fled from his pursuits to the other bank of the river and founded Triana there.
Traditionally, the name of the Roman emperor Trajan derived, the alleged founder of the place: From Traiana is Triana become. According to other sources, the name is composed of the Latin tres , three, and the Celto-Iberian Ana , river, because the river divides into three arms at this point. Another interpretation derives the name from the Latin trans amnem , across the river . For the same reason, the Arabic- speaking Muslims of Al-Andalus called the place Ma wara an-nahr , which also means across the river . More often, however, they used the names Atrayana or Athriana
history
History up to the 19th century
Settlements in the area of Triana already existed in antiquity, as proven by the Ibero-Roman sites. During the time of Al-Andalus the population grew rapidly. The houses are grouped around the fort, which was built in the 10th century. This outpost across the river had an important protective function. It was at the entrance to the town of Aljarafe , where cornfields, vineyards and olive groves lay. The road to Huelva also passed through Triana. There were a few mills outside. In 1171 the caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf I had a pontoon bridge built from Triana to Seville. As a result, the outpost's population grew. The outer boundary of the settlement was formed by a moat that ran along today's Calle Pagés del Corro .
During the conquest of Seville in the course of the Reconquista in 1248, Ferdinand III camped . of Castile with his army in the neighboring field of Tablada. He attacked the castle of Triana and destroyed the pontoon bridge, because this way the population was supplied with food. After the conquest, the castle belonged to the Order of San Jorge de Alfama and was now called Castillo de San Jorge . The first parish church of the community was established in the fort. In 1481, under the rule of the Catholic Monarchs , it became the seat of the Spanish Inquisition and remained so until 1626. During the Siglo de Oro , Seville and its Triana district also flourished. In 1854 the bridge Puente de Isabel II was built, commonly known as the Puente de Triana . It replaced the old pontoon bridge.
The location on the river has repeatedly led to floods throughout history. Usually, the residents fled to the church Iglesia de Santa Ana and the castle during major floods . There were particularly large floods in 1435, 1440, 1545 and 1554; in the latter two more than 600 houses were destroyed. In the 20th century, the river was regulated so that the floods have not occurred since then. Another catastrophe in the history of the place was the plague epidemic of 1649, which was particularly severe in Triana due to the poverty and crampedness of the neighborhood.
In the interior of Triana, a separate quarter called Portugalete was formed in the 16th century . It probably got its name from Portuguese emigrants who settled there because of the then flourishing overseas trade, as well as from black African Portuguese slaves who worked in ceramic production. The Camas municipality's judiciary kept the population in check. The land belonged to Gaspar de Guzmán, Duke of Olivares. This failed with his attempt to acquire land in the city. The area probably covered the last section of the Calle de Castilla , the Alcantarilla de los Ciegos the Calle del Pino and some garden plots.
Workers, sailors and potters traditionally lived in Triana .
The history of the district merged with that of the city. In 1841 the industrialist Carlos Pickman founded the Pickman - Cartuja de Sevilla ceramics factory in the old Cartuja monastery in the north of the district . In 1873, during the First Spanish Republic , the Canton of Seville was proclaimed. Barricades blocked the streets.
Cradle of flamenco
Along with Cádiz and Jerez de la Frontera , Triana is one of the cradles of flamenco. The English writer Richard Ford described Triana half repulsed, half fascinated. During his trip to Andalusia in 1832, he experienced it as a "cave of toreros, smugglers, robbers and gypsies, whose wives ... are excellent dancers." During these years Triana was already the destination of early tourism; musical performances in which pain was a central role became a source of income for the local population. On the one hand it was a mixture of art and spectacle, on the other hand, in the long run those singers, musicians and dancers who practiced their technique hard and with concentration prevailed.
Especially in Triana, adventurous guests and artists met, money and the rough tone of the street allied and gave the folk songs a new sound, a scratchy, aggressive tone. Estébanez Calderón wrote a hymn to the new music in his famous article Un baile en Triana in 1842 . With his unreserved enthusiasm and his vivid description, he contributed to her breakthrough.
Recent history
At the beginning of the Spanish Civil War , Triana was the scene of intense fighting on July 21st and 22nd. After the victory of the insurgent fascist forces over the republican defenders, Triana suffered severe reprisals.
During the 1960s and 1970s, property speculators, with the support of the Francoist administration under Governor Hermenegildo Altozano, evicted a large part of the Roma population from the neighborhood. The Roma population, who had lived there for 500 years, was particularly concentrated in a part of Triana called the Cava de los Gitanos .
The Roma families lived from handicrafts, especially blacksmithing . Flamenco also arose largely in their milieu. They lived in neighborhoods like Las Tres Mil Viviendas and Los Pajaritos or on the outskirts, in social housing that was usually no larger than 40 m².
In 1992, an exhibition was held on Isla de la Cartuja in the Triana district to mark the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America .
Attractions
Puente de Triana
The most common route from Seville to Triana is across the Puente de Triana bridge , a symbol of the district in the eyes of the long-established residents. It was built from 1845 to 1852 according to plans by engineers Gustavo Steinacher and Ferdinand Bennetot. Its official name is Puente de Isabel II . This iron structure was awarded the Monumento Histórico Nacional in 1976 after attempts had been made to tear it down.
Plaza del Altozano and surroundings
Coming from the bridge, one reaches the Plaza del Altozano , the central hub of the district. This is the place where travelers from San Juan de Aznalfarache , Tomares and Castilleja de la Cuesta met before entering the pontoon bridge, the previous bridge of the iron bridge, to get across to the center of Seville. The Murillo pharmacy building , which was looted from 1912 to 1914 according to a design by the architect José Espiau y Muñoz, is impressive.
At the northern corner, adjacent to the bridge, is the Capilla del Carmen , inaugurated in 1927, the work of the architect Aníbal González. Inside there is an altar painting of the Virgen del Carmen , the Lady on Mount Carmel . Behind the chapel is the Triana market. In its basement one comes across the remains of the Castillo de San Jorge . After this old seat of the Inquisition was left to its own devices, it fell into disrepair; he was particularly hard hit by the floods of the Guadalquivir. In its place was the market, known to the people as the Plaza de Abastos . On the occasion of the 1992 exhibition, it was torn down and the remains of the fort and an Almohad cemetery came to light. A little away from the Plaza del Altozano and next to the market, you will find the Callejón de la Inquisición . For a century and a half, this alley was the only evidence of the Triana Inquisition Court.
The sculpture of the torero Juan Belmonte , a work by Venancio Blanco created in 1972, is also striking. From the square the figure looks across to Seville. Through a gap between buildings, from chest height of the sculpture, you can see the sights on the other side of the river: the Maestranza bullring , the Torre del Oro , the Giralda . In the southern part of the square there is another sculpture, the Triana al arte Flamenco monument .
In the Calle San Jorge is the former ceramics factory Santa Ana . When the company, founded in 1870, moved outside the city, the building became the Museo de la cerámica de Sevilla . On Calle Castilla is the church of Nuestra Señora de la O , the Mary in Hope , seat of the Hermandad de La O order , built between 1697 and 1702.
The Calle San Jacinto , the old connection to El Aljarafe, opens towards the southwest . The church Iglesia de San Jacinto stands out there, built in 1676 by the Dominican order according to plans by the architect Matías de Figueroa. Go south-east on Calle Pureza . There you come across the Iglesia de Santa Ana . This parish church was built in 1280 in the Gothic- Mudejar style; it is the oldest church in Seville. At Lisbon earthquake of 1755 , it was destroyed and then partly rebuilt. In the same street is the Capilla de los Marineros , seat of the Brotherhood Hermandad de la Esperanza de Triana , which organizes a procession through the street every morning on Good Friday .
Calle Betis , named after the Latin name of the Guadalquivir , runs along the river to the southeast . There are some mills from the 19th century, locally called Zapatas . The Casa de las Columnas , a building from 1780, housed the Universidad de Mareantes . It served to train seafarers who sailed to America. The building consists of two floors and is arranged around two inner courtyards. The main facade, facing Calle Pureza , is designed in a neoclassical style with large Tuscan columns . Nowadays the building is used as a community center.
Community houses
Many architecturally interesting old community houses, called Casas de vecinos or Corrales , can be found in Triana. They have an inner courtyard with a fountain in the middle. All around corridors lead from the inner courtyard to the rooms of the individual residents. The houses are outstanding examples
- Calle Alfarería, 85 ; built in the 19th century;
- Calle Alfarería; House numbers 8 and 10 , built in 1913 and 1914 by the architect José Espiau y Muñoz;
- Calle Castilla, 7 ; built 1907–1919 by the architect Simón Barris y Bes;
- Calle Castilla, 88A ; built in 1918 by the architect Ramón Balbuena y Huertas;
- Corral Herrera on Calle Pages del Corro , built in 1909 and recently renovated.
The real estate speculation in the last years of the 20th and the first years of the 21st century destroyed many of these cultural monuments.
Markets
- Mercado de Triana
- Mercado de San Gonzalo
- Mercado de Manuel Arellano
More Attractions
- The Convento de las Mínimas was built around 1755 by the Order of the Paulans ( Orden de los Mínimos ). It is on Calle Pagés del Corro.
- The Museum of Ceramic Painting in the Casa de los Mensaque is located on Calle San Jacinto. The house was built in 1900 by the Mensaque, a family of ceramic manufacturers.
- La Cava , actually Calle Pagés del Corro , is a boulevard that crosses the historic core of Triana from southeast to northwest. It consists of two sections: The Cava de los Gitanos extends from the Plaza de Cuba to the Church of San Jacinto , the north-western part beginning there is called the Cava de los Civiles . The first part is so called because the majority of the Roma, called Gitanos in Spain , lived there. The second part takes its name from the Guardia Civil , which was based there.
- Paseo de Nuestra Señora de la O : waterfront promenade, accessible from Calle Castilla .
- Torre Sevilla : The oldest skyscraper in the city and at 180.5 meters the tallest building in Andalusia
- Torre Triana , modern administrative building of the government of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía)
traffic
The main streets of Triana are the Ronda de Triana - López de Gomara axis, and the Calle Pagés del Corro parallel to the river. Calle San Jacinto , Avenida de Coria , Avenida Alvar Núñez and Avenida San Vicente de Paúl run across the river . The section of Calle San Jacinto, which lies between Calle Pagés del Corro and Plaza del Altozano , became a pedestrian zone in 2011 .
The following bus lines operated by the TUSSAM municipal transport company go to Triana
| line | course |
|---|---|
| C1 | Circular Exterior: Triana - Cartuja - Barqueta - Santa Justa - Prado - Los Remedios |
| C2 | Circular Exterior: Triana - Los Remedios - Prado - Santa Justa - Barqueta - Cartuja |
| C3 | Circular Interior: Triana - Plaza de Armas - Barqueta - Puerta Osario - Prado |
| 5 | Puerta de Triana - Prado - Gran Plaza - Santa Aurelia |
| 6th | San Lázaro - Los Remedios - Reina Mercedes - Ciudad Sanitaria |
| 40 | Plaza de la Magdalena - Triana - El Tardón |
| 43 | Plaza de la Magdalena - Triana - El Turruñuelo |
In 2009, the Metro de Sevilla metro opened with three stations in Triana: Blas Infante , Parque de los Príncipes and Plaza de Cuba . There is no train from the Spanish railway company RENFE to Triana; however, two lines of suburban trains opened in 2011 with two stops in Triaa: one at the Olympic Stadium and the other at the Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja .
Known citizens
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Festivals
Three Kings Parade
The Three Kings Parade has been taking place in Triana since the beginning of the new millennium. On the morning of January 6th, he wandered the streets of Triana. At 10:30 he leaves the care home on Avenida de Coria and returns to this starting point at around 2:30 pm. Celebrities from Triana or from outside play the three kings. The parade consists of around 22 floats and is the second largest in Seville after the Ateneo de Sevilla .
Velá de Santa Ana
The Velá de Santa Ana is celebrated from July 21 to 26. It goes back to a consecration of the parish church of Santa Ana at the end of the 13th century. A traditional attraction and challenge at this festival is the cucaña , climbing up or balancing on a pole rubbed with soft soap.
Holy Week and Easter
Numerous Catholic festivals take place in Spain during Holy Week and Easter. In Triana, these traditional celebrations are still particularly popular. The most famous religious brotherhoods organize processions through the district:
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El Rocío
Since 1814 the procession in honor of the Virgen del Rocío , the Blessed Virgin of the Morning Dew , or El Rocío for short, has taken place in Triana every year . The wooden sculpture of the Blessed Virgin stands on a gilded base that is decorated with ivory carvings. The float on which the sculpture stands has silver decorations with a total weight of 250 kg.
Corpus Chico
The Corpus Christi procession in Seville is magnificent. In Triana there is a separate procession on Corpus Christi, called Corpus Chico . There, too, the streets are decorated and they are covered with rosemary . The emblems of the procession are John the Baptist , the Baby Jesus , Justa and Rufina , the Immaculate Conception and the Most Holy Sacrament . The procession is organized by the Hermandad de la Esperanza de Triana , it follows its traditional route every year. It goes back to the 16th century.
Culture
education
Primary schools
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Secondary schools and higher education institutions
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Sports
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Individual references and notes
- ↑ Jaime Passolas Jaúregui: Paseando por la Sevilla antigua . Castillejo (Spanish).
- ↑ Habis: Baitis / Romula / Traiana / Taryana / Triana. Historia de un Hecho Diferencial. In: Celtiberia.net. October 21, 2005, accessed October 10, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b c Antonio José Albardonedo Freire: El urbanismo de Sevilla durante el reinado de Felipe II . Guadalquivir Ediciones, Seville, ISBN 84-8093-115-9 (Spanish).
- ↑ Juan José Antequera Luengo: Portugalete . Un barrio en la Sevilla del Conde Duque de Olivares. Facediciones, 2009 (Spanish).
- ↑ Historia de La Cartuja de Sevilla. In: Website of the ceramic factory. Retrieved October 18, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ Kersten Knipp: Flamenco . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-518-45824-2 , p. 38 .
- ↑ Kersten Knipp: Flamenco . Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-518-45824-2 , p. 40-43 .
- ↑ Juan Ortiz Villalba: Del golpe militar a la Guerra Civil: Sevilla 1936 . 3. Edition. RD Editores, 2006, ISBN 84-934741-8-5 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b Amelia Castilla: El flamenco es tan emblemático como el 'gentleman'. In: El País . November 8, 2010, Retrieved October 18, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ Ruta del Barrio Gastronómica De Triana. In: El Comensal. Archived from the original on June 24, 2015 ; Retrieved October 18, 2015 (Spanish).
- ^ Alberto Villar Movellán: Arquitecto Espiau (1879-1938) . Arte Hispalense, ISBN 84-505-2278-1 (Spanish).
- ↑ Gran Enciclopedia de Andalucía . Promociones Culturales Andaluzas, 1979 (Spanish).
- ↑ roughly: the evening feast of St. Anne
- ↑ Brotherhood of Suffering and Death
- ↑ Brotherhood to the Star
- ↑ Brotherhood of the Hope of Triana
- ↑ analogously: brotherhood of the most holy Christ in death; known under the name Hermandad de El Cachorro
- ↑ The Brotherhood of Mary in Hope
- ^ F. Carrasco: Rocío en Triana. Una historia con dos siglos de antigüedad. In: ABC Seville. January 25, 2013, Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ in Spain: Corpus Christi
- ↑ Brotherhood of Hope
- ^ Francisco Santiago: El Corpus Chico. In: Conocersevilla.org. 2004, accessed October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ^ CEIP José María del Campo. Archived from the original on January 23, 2012 ; Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ^ Colegio Público San Jacinto. In: Website of the Colegio Público San Jacinto. Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ^ Colegio Público de Infantil y Primaria "Rico Cejudo". Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ^ A b Salesianos de Triana. Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ^ Colegio Cristo Rey de Triana. Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ^ Colegio Protectorado de la Infancia. Archived from the original on March 8, 2011 ; Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ the abbreviation stands for Instituto de Educación Secundaria
- ^ IES Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer. Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ IES Los Viveros. Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ^ Instituto Provincial de Educación Permanente de Sevilla. Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ Marista. Colegio San Fernando. Retrieved October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ Ana Díaz: El Olimpic de Triana cumple 25 años. In: ABC Seville. August 2, 2014, accessed October 23, 2015 (Spanish).
Web links
- Triana. Bienvenida. In: Sevilla.org. Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, accessed on October 10, 2015 (Spanish, website of the City of Seville on Triana).
Coordinates: 37 ° 23 ′ 1 ″ N , 6 ° 0 ′ 19 ″ W.