Turenberc

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Turenberc
Creation time : 11th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg
Conservation status: Trench remnants, successor to the economic yard
Construction: unknown
Place: Mertingen - Gut Burghöfe
Geographical location 48 ° 38 '51.1 "  N , 10 ° 49' 31.3"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 38 '51.1 "  N , 10 ° 49' 31.3"  E
Height: 438  m above sea level NN
Turenberc (Bavaria)
Turenberc

Turenberc Castle, built in the transition from the early to the high Middle Ages , is a castle stable without any above-ground remains north of the Burghöfe estate in Mertingen in the Donau-Ries district in Swabia .

Geographical location

The Burgstall is located southeast of Mertingen, only a few meters north of the Burghöfe estate, which was the castle's farmyard in the Middle Ages , on a slight hill (high terrace spur) on the Schmutter , which flows around the Burgstall here in a wedge open to the west and into the Danube flows out.

history

The area has an almost continuous history of settlement, as evidenced by finds from the Mesolithic , a settlement from the Latène period and the Roman fort ( auxiliary fort ) from the early imperial era with vicus and the later Roman fort Submuntorium to the east .

Investigations of the Roman forts from 2001 to 2007 also moved the medieval history of the area into the focus of the archaeological excavations and soundings. The medieval fortification on the site of the late Roman fort Submuntorium (Fort Burghöfe) of the late antique Danube-Iller-Rhine-Limes , which was occupied until the 5th century , begins with an unfortified manor in the 7th / 8th centuries. Century (period 1) to a fortified manor in the 9th and 10th centuries (period 2). Assumptions that the remains of the fort were used for the expansion into a fortified early medieval complex cannot be proven. Even though the excavated wall foundations of the fort made of opus caementicium and the mortar imprints of large-sized stone blocks on the upper edge , which were interpreted as medieval spoils and were probably erupted in the Middle Ages, can be considered strong evidence.

In the 11th century, the complex was expanded into a small castle with a residential tower . A bailey and an upstream economic area marked by pit houses were created, which were secured with a palisade and moat.

In the 12th century, under its name "Turenberc", the castle was one of the Hohenstaufen table goods (period 3), which Christian Later was able to prove in his work with direct documentary assignment (see literature). From the late 12th to the 14th century, first the Lords of Druisheim , then the Pappenheimer (Marshals of Pappenheim-Biberach (Rechberg)) and Wittelsbacher (period 4) converted the fortifications into a small, compact aristocratic castle. The farmyard was given up in the early 13th century and a 45 m long neck ditch was dug .

In the 14th century the castle was still used by the Walern (period 5). The work of Christian Later in the context of investigations into the Roman history of the site showed that the castle was used until the end of the 15th century (period 6).

description

The excavations showed that the actual castle was located in the north-western area of ​​the terrace and that the eastern plateau can be viewed either as the outer bailey or part of the farm yard. Six investigation areas showed medieval finds. During the investigations on the eastern plateau, high medieval earth cellars and commercial kilns ( lime kilns ) were found that were connected to the castle's farm yard . Finds of stove tiles , pottery and stoneware , possibly imported early medieval turntable ware, technical ceramic remains and glass finds, medieval bullet tips, sword and dagger knob remains , horse and rider accessories as well as remains of clothing allowed corresponding dates.

Ground monument

The Burgstall is a ground monument according to the Bavarian Monument List , which was created on the basis of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act of October 1, 1973.

literature

  • Christian Later: The medieval castle stables Turenberc / Druisheim. Archaeological investigations 2001–2007 at the Roman military site Submuntorium / Burghöfe on the Upper Danube. (= Munich Contributions to Provincial Roman Archeology, Volume 2). Verlag Reichert, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-89500-716-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Region - Donauwörth: Burghöfe / Submuntorium with the remarks on the opus caementicium in the last third of the text.
  2. ↑ a b Roman border fort Submuntorium / Burghöfe ad Donau (Bavaria) (website of LMU Munich , Faculty of Cultural Studies, Department of Provincial Roman Archeology )
  3. ↑ Wauler Scheibler196ps.jpg The family of the Waler , also called Wäller , Wauler or Waaler , was a Swabian noble family (see list of Swabian noble families / W ).
  4. ↑ Mertingen Monument List of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , No. D-7-7330-0171, Burgstall des Mittelalter , re -qualified (as of June 10, 2015)