Feuerbach (Neckar)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Feuerbach
The Feuerbach shortly after its creation below Botnang

The Feuerbach shortly after its creation below Botnang

Data
Water code DE : 238352
location Stuttgart Bay

Neckar basin

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
confluence from Metzgerbach and Sommerhaldenbach on the eastern edge of Stuttgart- Botnang
48 ° 46 ′ 46 ″  N , 9 ° 8 ′ 2 ″  E
Source height approx. 425  m above sea level NN Q. Metzgerbach
approx.  330  m above sea level NHN Zsfl. d. Spring streams 
muzzle in Stuttgart- Mühlhausen from the left and finally northwest in the Neckar Coordinates: 48 ° 50 '29 "  N , 9 ° 13' 58"  E 48 ° 50 '29 "  N , 9 ° 13' 58"  E
Mouth height 206.8  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 123.2 m
Bottom slope 9.7 ‰
length 12.7 km  from Zsfl. d. Spring streams
15.2 km from Q. Metzgerbach
Catchment area 45.475 km²
Left tributaries → tributaries
Big cities Stuttgart

The Feuerbach is a stream in the north and west of the Baden-Württemberg state capital Stuttgart . With a length of about 15 km with each of the two upper courses, it has the longest flowing stretch of all streams within the Baden-Württemberg state capital.

geography

course

NSG Unteres Feuerbachtal

The Feuerbach arises on the eastern edge of Botnang from the confluence of the Metzgerbach and Sommerhaldenbach , which together with the first tributary Knaupenbach collect the water of the valleys around Botnang. As the main strand headwaters applies, despite greater length and larger catchment area of the settlement area Botnangs widely verdolt flowing Sommerhalde Bach, who mostly running in the woods Metzgerbach. From the confluence, the Feuerbach flows northeast until a little before its mouth. On its first 1.5 kilometers below the Knaupenbach, its only natural section, it flows through the Feuerbacher Valley towards the Feuerbach district of the same name . In this section it also flows through the grounds of the Feuerbachtal forest home . Within Feuerbach, the brook runs underground for a long time, partly through the water, partly in the sewer system . After a short stretch of open course on the district border with Zuffenhausen , it again crosses its settlement area. Then it flows open again, but mostly in a canalized bed, through the districts of Rot and Zazenhausen, then the brook makes a slow turn to the southeast and flows open to Mühlhausen. In the area of ​​the Mühlhausen town hall, it is thinned again and then fed underground to the Neckar .

Catchment area

Otto Reiniger (1863–1909): Feuerbach in autumn

The Feuerbach drains an area of ​​45 km², which completely or largely includes the Stuttgart districts of Botnang , Feuerbach , Zuffenhausen and Stammheim as well as significant parts of the districts of North and Mühlhausen and parts of Korntal and Kornwestheim . The catchment area is limited in the southwest by the Nesenbach (in the Stuttgart basin ), in the south and west by the Glems with its tributaries Lindenbach and R Noiseelbach and in the north by the downward Neckar tributary Holzbach (on the upper reaches of Gänsbach ). Because it runs close to its right watershed to the Stuttgart basin, it has no noticeable tributaries from this side. East of the catchment area there are only short tributaries to the nearby Neckar from the Nesenbach to the Feuerbach estuary.

The upper and middle catchment area down to Zuffenhausen is naturally located in the Feuerbach Bay sub-area of the Stuttgart Bay , part of the Keuperbergland , while the lower area is in the Gaulandschaft of the Neckar Basin , mainly in the Langes Feld sub-area ; The Feuerbach only crosses into the Marbach-Waiblinger valleys on both sides of the Neckar at its mouth in Mühlhausen .

Tributaries and lakes

Hierarchical list of tributaries and RiverIcon-SmallLake.svglakes from source to mouth. Length of water, lake area, catchment area and altitude according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted.

Confluence of the Feuerbach at about 330  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern edge of Stuttgart-Botnang against the southern Kräherwald at the confluence of Millöckerstrasse and Regerstrasse. From here to the last mentioned tributary Bisichgab , the Feuerbach runs very steadily to the northeast.

  • Metzgerbach , right and southwest official main line upper course, 2.6 km and 1.6 km². Arises at about 450  m above sea level. NHN south of Botnang at a forest parking lot in the butcher's house and flows through the gall blade .
    • (Waldklingenbach from the direction of the Birkenkopf ), from the right and south to about 360  m above sea level. NHN at the foot of the Botnang access road from the L 1187 down, 0.5 km and less than 0.3 km². Arises at about 410  m above sea level. NHN southeast of the waterworks.
  • Sommerhaldenbach , left and west official tributary upper course, 2.7 km and 2.4 km². Arises at about 470  m above sea level. NHN west of Botnang in the forest near the König-Wilhelm-Eiche .
    • Buberlesbach , from the right and southwest to about 355  m above sea level. NHN in Botnang verdolt under Kauffmannstrasse, 1.3 km and approx. 0.6 km². Arises at about 455  m above sea level. NHN west-southwest of Botnang in the forest between Winterhalde and Saufangeiche .
      • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through at about 385  m above sea level. NHN the Buberlesweiher shortly before the forest exit and settlement entrance, 0.2 ha.
      • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through at about 360  m above sea level. NHN another pond just before the mouth, a little under 0.1 ha.
  • Knaupenbach , from the left and west-southwest to about 314  m above sea level. NHN after the last houses in Botnang, 2.3 km and 1.4 km². Arises at about 410  m above sea level. NHN northwest of Botnang in the forest. Flows through the Knaupental and then to the forest on the border of Botnang.
  • Klingenholzbach , from the left and northwest to 313.5  m above sea level. NHN a few meters after the previous one, 1.6 km and about 0.9 km². Arises at about 405  m above sea level. NHN in the exchange forest north of Botnang and flows through the Klinglertal .
  • Talwaldbach , from the left and west-northwest at almost 310  m above sea level. NHN opposite a homestead in the wooded valley floodplain, 0.9 km and about 0.3 km². Arises at about 370  m above sea level. NHN between Heukopf and Talwald .
  • (Bach from the Mähderklinge ), from the left and west to about 300  m above sea level. NHN at the beginning of the valley widening before Stuttgart. Feuerbach , 1.7 km and 1.3 km². Arises at about 390  m above sea level. NHN on the north slope of the Heukopf .
    • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through at over 335  m above sea level. NHN a forest pond just before the following tributary, over 0.1 ha.
    • (Bach from the Winterhaldeklinge ), from the left and northwest to about 323  m above sea level. NHN in the forest, 9.7 km and approx. 0.4 km². Rises at about 385  m above sea level. NHN on a dirt road on the southern slope of the Hoheb Warte .
  • Hummelgraben , from the left and northwest to about 249  m above sea level. NHN in the commercial zone on Taläckerstraße in Stuttgart- Zuffenhausen , 0.4 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises below 253  m above sea level. NHN in a terrain trough.
  • Bisichgraben , perhaps also Bisachgraben , from the left and to about 238  m above sea level. NHN to Stuttgart- Zazenhausen in the beginning nature reserve Unteres Feuerbachtal with hillside forests and surroundings , 1.5 km and 8.8 km². Arises at about 280  m above sea level. NHN near the southern tip of Kornwestheim at the sewage treatment plant on the edge of the B 27 .
    After this inflow, the Feuerbach makes a slow 90 ° curve to the right.

Mouth of the Feuerbach from the left and finally northwest to 206.8  m above sea level. NHN in Stuttgart-Mühlhausen in the middle Neckar . From the confluence of its two source streams, the Feuerbach is 12.7 km long , together with the right Oberlazf Metzgerbach 15.2 km, together with the left upper course Sommerhaldenbach 15.4 km long and has a 45.5 km² catchment area.

Protected areas

Between Zazenhausen and Mühlhausen, the Feuerbachtal and the hillside forests on both sides are designated as the nature reserve Unteres Feuerbachtal with hillside forests and surroundings and as the landscape protection area Unteres Feuerbachtal . The nature reserve with the number 1.216 is 47.5 hectares and was created by ordinance of the regional council of Stuttgart on July 4, 1996. The nature reserve has existed since November 10, 1961. Under the protection area number 1.11.017, the Stuttgart mayor's office has an area of ​​70.6 Hectares placed under protection.

Human interventions

Renaturation in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen

In the second half of the 19th century, Feuerbach and Zuffenhausen, located on the northern railway , developed into industrial locations. The large amount of sewage polluted the stream so badly that by 1895 at the latest there were no more fish in it. From 1900 the sources of the Metzgerbach were used for the Stuttgart water supply, whereby the water flow and self-cleaning power of the Feuerbach decreased and the problem of pollution intensified. With the Verdolung 1909/10 the problem was only banished underground. Today 30% of the brook runs underground, and another 30% is technically developed. Since the mid-1980s, individual sections in Zuffenhausen and Rot have been renatured. However, the stream is still polluted; after leaving the subterranean section in Feuerbach and Zuffenhausen, the watercourse is considered to be heavily polluted ( quality class III), even in the upper reaches it is moderately polluted (quality class II).

See also

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Feuerbach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b Height according to blue lettering on the background layer Topographic map ; Stowage destination of the Neckar below the Hofen double lock.
  2. ↑ a b c Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ a b Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  4. ↑ Lake area after the layer standing waters .
  5. ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  6. ↑ Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
  8. ↑ Height according to the blue lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  9. ↑ The name is according to the layer Gewässernetz (AWGN) Bis a chgraben , but flows through a Gewann Bis i chgraben according to the labeling on the usually onomastically more reliable background layer Topographic Map .

Other evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)

literature

Web links

Commons : Feuerbach  - collection of images, videos and audio files