Víska (Višňová)

Víska
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Liberecký kraj
District :	Liberec
Municipality :	Višňová
Area :	180.2239 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 57 '  N , 15 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 56 '47 "  N , 15 ° 1' 43"  E
Height:	245  m nm
Residents :	141 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code :	464 01
License plate :	L.
traffic
Street:	Višňová - Kunratice
Railway connection:	Liberec – Zawidów

Víska (German Dörfel ) is a district of the municipality Višňová in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers northwest of the city center of Frýdlant on the border with Poland and belongs to the Okres Liberec . Between 1815 and 1848 Dörfel was the easternmost village in the Saxon Upper Lusatia .

geography

Víska is located on the right bank of the Smědá in the Jizera foothills . To the east rise the Holubí vrch ( Langefichte , 358 m) and the Frýdlantský vrch ( Resselsberg , 399 m), to the south the Liščí vrch (288 m) and the Pahorek (327 m), to the southwest the Bučina / Świniec ( Buchberg , 365 m) ) and to the west of the Lipniak. To the west on the opposite bank of the river runs the Liberec – Zawidów railway line , to the south-east it runs through the Rigelský tunel .

Neighboring towns are Minkovice and Poustka in the north, Nové Pertoltice and Arnoltice in the northeast, Dolní Řasnice and Údolí in the east, Harta, Frýdlant and Pekelský Mlýn in the southeast, Kunratice in the south, Markocice and Bogatynia in the southwest. Instead of the towns of Strzegomice ( Dornhennersdorf ) and Wigancice Żytawskie , located to the west and north-west of Poland, there are spoil heaps from the Turów opencast mine .

history

Víska is one of the oldest villages in the Frýdlant area and was probably founded in the 8th or 9th century by Lusatian Sorbs as a settlement for fishermen and hunters. In the course of German colonization at the end of the 14th century, the Sorbian residents were only a minority.

The first written mention of Dörfel was in 1396 as part of the Seidenberg rule . Between the 14th and 15th centuries, a new road was built that led from Zittau via Hirschfelde , Seitendorf and Dörfel to Friedland. In 1454, the Lords of Bieberstein on Friedland also acquired the Upper Lusatian class rule Seidenberg- Reibersdorf . The border village was spared from the outbreak of the plague in the Friedland dominion in 1494. Probably in the first half of the 17th century a water mill was built on the Wittig; it was first mentioned in 1651 in the Reibersdorfer Urbar as a two-wheeled mill.

The manor Niederweigsdorf to the north was severely fragmented in the 17th century and partially attached to the Bohemian dominion of Friedland. After the Peace of Prague in 1635, Dörfel became part of the Electorate of Saxony as a Bohemian exclave of Upper Lusatia. A new settlement was established south of (Alt-) Dörfel: Neu-Dörfel . The owner of the Saxon Niedervorwerk Niederweigsdorf, Caspar Heinrich von Minckwitz , founded the village of Neu-Minkwitz in 1770 on the part of the exclave belonging to his estate . The economic hardship after the Seven Years' War led to farmers from Dörfel taking part in the Friedland peasant uprising in 1775. Parish was Weigsdorf . The main sources of income were flax cultivation and home weaving. Since 1800 there was a teacher in Dörfel, the lessons took place in different houses. Between 1835 and 1844, on the initiative of the pastor from Weigsdorf, Bähr, a school building was built, in which lessons began in 1845 together with two other schools, the upper school in Oberweigsdorf and the church school in Niederweigsdorf .

After the division of Upper Lusatia in 1815, Dörfel became the easternmost village in the Saxon Upper Lusatia. As a result of the border recession between Saxony and Bohemia in 1848, the exclave Dörfel and Minkwitz was handed over to Bohemia and became part of the newly formed municipality of Böhmisch Weigsdorf .

After the abolition of patrimonial , Dörfel formed a district of the municipality Böhmisch Weigsdorf in the Bunzlauer Kreis and judicial district Friedland from 1850 . In 1853, lignite mining began near Dörfel and Wustung , with 40–50 miners working in the pits. From 1868 the village belonged to the Friedland district . In 1869 Dörfel had 344 inhabitants. At this time, coal mining near Dörfel and Wustung reached its peak with 140 employees, but the seams near the surface were soon dismantled. The Reichenberg-Seidenberg railway line was built between 1873 and 1875, and a 139 m long tunnel was created through the Wittigriegel. In 1880 Dörfel broke away from Böhmisch Weigsdorf and formed its own municipality.

In 1887 the Viennese entrepreneur Hermann Pollack established a mechanical cotton weaving mill in Dörfel . Later a second factory was built with the Carl Engemann weaving and dyeing works. Mining ceased in 1907 due to unprofitability, but resumed for a short time during the First World War by some residents. In 1910 a small hydroelectric power station was built next to the water mill. In 1921, 373 people lived in the 92 houses in Dörfel / Víska, including 344 Germans and eight Czechs; There were three inns in the community as well as a pastry shop and bakery. After the city of Friedland had acquired the water rights in Wittig from Müller Grundmann in 1922, they had the Wittig dammed 400 meters southwest of Dörfel and built a hydroelectric power station there. On May 22, 1922, the dam of the Dörfel power station broke. The former mill's hydropower plant was shut down in 1925. In 1930 the community had 361 inhabitants. Between 1933 and 1934, the H. Pollack Söhne textile factory had 210 employees.

After the Munich Agreement , it was incorporated into the German Reich in 1938; until 1945 Dörfel belonged to the Friedland district . In 1939 there were 334 people living in the parish. In the spring of 1945 an American plane crashed over Dörfel and hit the railroad tracks near Minkwitz station. One of the three crew members who had previously jumped died because his parachute did not open; the other two were captured. After the end of the Second World War, Víska returned to Czechoslovakia and the two textile factories were shut down. In 1946 and 1947, most of the German-Bohemian residents were expelled. In 1946 the SEKOV - Kolb machine factory was established in the former Engemann factory. a spol. Set up as a showpiece of the reconstruction, but two years later the machines were dismantled again and brought to the PAL company in České Budějovice . In the years 1949–1950 the factory buildings were demolished. The machine hall of the H. Pollack Sons factory was converted into a cultural center in 1953. The ruins of the watermill were torn down by the army in 1958. In 1960 Víska was incorporated into Višňová and at the same time assigned to Okres Liberec in the course of the dissolution of the Okres Frýdlant . The primary school closed in 1968, and so did the cinema in the 1970s. In 1991 Víska had 158 inhabitants. In 2001 the village consisted of 43 houses in which 141 people lived. Víska consists of 63 houses in total.

During the August floods of 2010, 46 houses were flooded by the Smědá. As a result, a flood protection dam was completed in 2013.

Local division

Víska is divided into the localities Víska ( Old Dörfel ) and Nová Víska ( New Dörfel ). The district forms the cadastral district Víska u Frýdlantu.

Attractions

• Numerous half-timbered houses from the transition from the 18th to the 19th century. Most of them are single-storey stable houses with a bricked ground floor and half-timbered upper floor. Besides Heřmanice , Víska has the largest collection of Upper Lusatian folk architecture in Bohemia.
• Harta hydroelectric power station on Smědá, built in 1922, today it provides electricity to Víska and Minkovice.

Web links

Commons : Víska  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website of the Víska Civic Association
• Historical views of Víska / Dörfel
• Description on the website of the Višňová municipality
• History of Víska

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/782581/Viska-u-Frydlantu
2. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Friedland district at the Jizera Mountains. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
3. ↑ http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/t/010028D080/$File/13810901.pdf