Vöckla
The Vöckla is a river in Upper Austria . It rises on the Mondseeberg northeast of Mondsee and flows into the Ager after about 47 km at Vöcklabruck .
Run
The Vöckla is formed from several source streams on the Mondseeberg in the area of the Wildmoos high moor in the municipality of Tiefgraben and first flows north. Over a length of around 2 km near Angern and Vöcklatal it forms the border between Upper Austria and Salzburg , otherwise it runs entirely in the Vöcklabruck district . At Frankenmarkt it changes direction to the east, passes Vöcklamarkt and Timelkam . The Vöckla almost meets the Ager near Straß (municipality of Timelkam), the rivers are only around 200 m apart. However, both change their direction by almost 180 °, the Vöckla turns to the north, flows through Vöcklabruck and only flows into the Ager below Vöcklabruck in the area of the Schalchhamer Au. This almost island favored the development of Vöcklabruck.
Tributaries
The Kirchhamer Bach (also known as Weinbach ), which comes from Straßwalchen and marks the westernmost extension of the Vöckla region, flows into the Vöcklaknie. The most important tributaries are the Fornacher Redlbach shortly before Vöcklamarkt, the Frankenburger Redlbach after Vöcklamarkt as well as the Ampflwanger Bach and the Dürre Ager near Timelkam.
Catchment area and water supply
The catchment area of the Vöckla is 446 km², it covers more than 35% of the catchment area of the Ager. The highest point is the Mondseeberg at 1029 m above sea level. A.
The mean discharge at the Vöcklabruck gauge is 8.8 m³ / s, which corresponds to a discharge rate of 19.7 l / s · km². The Vöckla has a clear winter pluvial runoff regime there. The monthly mean of the month of March with the most discharge is 13.4 m³ / s, twice as high as that of the month of October with the lowest discharge, with 6.21 m³ / s. The largest measured flood ( August 2002 ) was 36 times, the lowest known discharge around a twentieth of the mean discharge.
Surname
The name of the river appears for the first time around 790 in the Notitia Arnonis as Fecchelisaha and Fechilaha . Often attempts are made to derive the name from Celtic , e.g. B. from aha ( ache , river) and fehil (fish) or foecke (torch), the latter related to torches that were lit as a signal fire on hills. This first mention is a gift from Duke Theodo III. to the Archbishopric of Salzburg , namely “ in pago Atragaue secus torrentem Fecchelisaha Romanos et eorum manses tributales V ” (“in the Attergau region on the Vöckla Römer and their five houses”). The mention of these novels is quite astonishing and proves (as one of many testimonies) the largely peaceful Bauwar conquest with the assimilation of the remaining resident population of the Roman Noricum as well as of Slavs ( Walchen ). Therefore Romansh or Slavic derivations are also possible. It is also possible, however, that the name was only formed from the personal name Veckilo at the time of the Bavarian settlement . Early modern spelling is often Vöggl / Veggl or similar.
The upper reaches of the Vöckla from Mondsee to Frankenmarkt was still called Sprenzelbach in the 18th century ( Sprentzl river GM Vischer 1667, also N. Visscher 1702). This name appears as Sprenzala ('Sprenzl-Ache') as early as 748 . The name of Dürren Sprenzl near Weißenkirchen in Attergau also reminds of this . The name Vöckla [bach] only prevailed there later, when this much longer course was defined as a source course (so Schütz / Müller 1787). GM Vischer saw the fons Vogglæ ('sources of the Vöckla') on the Eisbach near Shwaigern (Schwaigern) , i.e. in Langholz and on the Hehenfeld (high field) , the Straßwalchen pass landscape.
Economic use
The water power of the Vöckla has been used since the 19th century. There are around 20 hydropower plants along its course, mainly sawmills . In many cases the water of the Vöckla is diverted into a mill stream. The Timelkam steam power plant , formerly powered by lignite and now powered by natural gas, uses cooling water from the Vöckla.
environment
In particular through regulation and numerous weir systems, the natural course and water balance of the Vöckla are heavily affected today. The originally meandering course is only visible in a few places. In the upper reaches of the municipalities of Tiefgraben and Zell am Moos , the Vöckla is still relatively natural with wood on the banks dominated by willows and ash trees. In the further course there are still individual near-natural sections with riparian woodland and smaller alluvial forests , which are mainly formed as ash meadows , but also as gray alder and willow meadows .
fauna
The Vöckla belongs to the trout region , the main fish species are brown trout , grayling and rainbow trout . The stone crab is still relatively widespread in the upper reaches and its feeders .
Water quality
The water quality is impaired by intensive agricultural use and industrial and commercial operations in the catchment area. In the upper reaches Vöckla has quality class I to II, in the lower reaches quality class II. In the past, the use of cooling water by the Timelkam power plant often led to excessive warming of the Vöckla in the winter months and thus to damage to the fish population.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b E. Fugger: The Upper Austrian Pre-Alps between Irrsee and Traunsee . Yearbook dkk geol. Reichsanstalt, 1903, Volume 63, Issue 2, p. 306 ( PDF; 3.6 MB )
- ↑ a b c d Georg Matthäus Vischer: Archiducatus Austriae Superioris Geographica Descriptio facta Anno 1667; Nicolas Visscher: Austriae Archiducatus Pars Superior. 1702 ff; or Josefinische Landesaufnahme, reproduced for example on Carl Schütz and Franz Müller: Mappa von dem Land ob der Enns 1787 (all maps as a layer online at DORIS, first country recordings ; because of the projection distortion, inscription Sprentzl Fl [uss] there 1667 at the position of Schwandt Straßwalchen or 1702 on Watzbachl, fons Vogglæ 1667 on Nößlthal and Vöckla Bach 1787 on Frankenmarkt; status 10/2014).
- ↑ a b c Office of the Upper Austrian Provincial Government (Ed.): Vöckla, investigations on water quality. Status 1991 - 1993 , water protection report 3/93, Linz 1993 ( PDF; 135.5 MB )
- ↑ a b Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2009. 117th Volume. Vienna 2011, p. OG 178, PDF (12.1 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (yearbook 2009)
- ↑ a b Hydrographic assignment from their confluence unclear.
- ↑ Helmut Mader, Theo Steidl, Reinhard Wimmer: Discharge regime of Austrian rivers. Contributions to a nationwide river typology. Federal Environment Agency, Monographs Volume 82, Vienna 1996, p. 101 ( PDF; 14.7 MB )
- ↑ cf. to Fecchilisaha as a genetic ending to Fechilaha also Dorothea Fastnacht: Historical book of place names of Bavaria: Upper Franconia. Relay stone. Volume 5, Verlag assleben, 2007, ISBN 978-376966861-2 , p. 87 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
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↑ Notitia Arnonis I, 5. Breves Notitiae II, 8; given in Salzburger Urkundenbuch I, p. 20; II, p. A 3;
cited for example in Johann Kaspar Zeuss: The Germans and the neighboring tribes. Verlag Ignaz Joseph Lentner, 1837, Norici , p. 588 (longer text passage quoted there; Google eBook, full view ). - ^ Franz Satzinger: Vöcklabruck. City history - from the beginnings to 1850 . Vöcklabruck 2006, p. 23 ff. ( PDF, 5 MB , voecklabruck.at).
- ^ Deed of donation from Duke Odilo to Mondsee Monastery for a forest. Recorded, for example, by Johann Evangelist Lamprecht: Mapula ... or the land whether the Enns in its design and division from VII. To XIII. Century. 1863 (?, layer online at DORIS, first regional recordings ) - since the borders here between Passau and Salzburg, and then Bavaria, Salzburg and Austria were controversial for many centuries, the assignment is questionable.
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↑ The name can also be found in the Spranzelbach , the upper reaches of the Dürren Ager in the Oberwang; at Pillwein Hausruckviertel , 1830, p. 105 still Sprenzelbach , old sprenzala 10th century;
The arid for two rivers that are similar in direction and characteristics, but with different water flow, can be found at Ager / Dürre Ager and some other streams in Upper Austria (Aschach, Aurach, Grünau, Laudach). The Dürre Ager is similarly not a tributary of the Ager, but the Vöckla parallel to Ager. - ↑ Probably not on Nössenbach and thus Kogler Berg and Schoibernberg , these are marked as Rabenshwentner huet and Pergerhuet significantly further south.
- ^ Office of the Upper Austrian Provincial Government (Hrsg.): The Vöckla, Hydropower Use and Ecological Condition - an inventory . Linz 1993 ( PDF; 112.7 MB )
- ↑ a b Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government, nature conservation department (ed.): Nature and landscape - models for Upper Austria. Volume 28: Space Unit Mondsee Flysch Mountains , revised. Version, Krems and Linz 2007 (PDF; 3.5 MB)
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government, nature conservation department (ed.): Nature and landscape - models for Upper Austria. Volume 21: Vöckla-Agertal room unit . Revised Version, Linz and Vienna 2007 ( PDF; 1.3 MB )
- ^ Upper Austrian State Fisheries Association: Vöckla-Ager
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. State government: water quality maps