Hamburg Hannoverscher Bahnhof

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Venlo / Hanover train station
Hannoeverscher BahnhofHH.jpg
Venlo and Hanover train station in Hamburg
Data
Platform tracks 5
opening 1872
Architectural data
architect From Seggern
location
Place / district HafenCity
country Hamburg
Country Germany
Coordinates 53 ° 32 ′ 34 "  N , 10 ° 0 ′ 18"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 32 ′ 34 "  N , 10 ° 0 ′ 18"  E
Railway stations in the Hamburg area
i16 i16 i18

The Hannoversche Bahnhof ( Venloer Bahnhof until 1892 ) was a former terminus in Hamburg . It was opened in 1872 and was located on Großer Grasbrook on the site of today's Lohseplatz. Until it was replaced by Hamburg Central Station in 1906, it was the end point for all passenger trains that crossed the Elbe near Hamburg from the south .

From 1906 to 1999 it was one of the most important freight stations in Hamburg ( Hamburg Hgbf Han or Hamburg main freight station ). Between 1940 and 1945 it served as the central Hamburg deportation station for Jews , Sinti and Roma . After the closure, part of the former station area was converted into a memorial .

Passenger station 1872–1906

The Venlo train station went into operation on December 1, 1872 as the end point of the railway line crossing the Elbe bridges . The client was the Köln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (CME), which wanted to end its Hamburg-Venloer Bahn , the German part of the international Paris-Hamburg Railway, here. Since the section between Bremen and Harburg had not yet been built, the section from Harburg to Hamburg was the long-awaited continuation of the Lehrte – Harburg railway from its previous end point in Harburg in Hanover for two years . From June 1, 1874, the line between Bremen and Harburg was completed and with it the direct connection from the Ruhr area to Hamburg, today called the Wanne-Eickel-Hamburg line . The Venlo train station was officially renamed Hannoverscher Bahnhof in 1892 . In addition, the name Hannöverscher Bahnhof and rather jokingly Pariser Bahnhof existed in the vernacular . Perhaps this differentiation also made sense, because the next train station, located in the Prussian town of Harburg, was also called "Hannoverscher Bahnhof" (or "Staatsbahnhof" from 1847).

The station building , designed by the master builder von Seggern, was considered to be “probably the most powerful station building from the early days of Hamburg, on par with the great old Berlin stations”. The foundation of the building was carried out on piling , as the ground proved to be unsound. The station building with separate buildings for departure and arrival corresponded to the scheme of a terminal station of that time: In the south-west was the building for departing travelers with a wing extension and a vestibule. The arrival building was elongated and thus designed for the intermittent rush of passengers from arriving trains. A large canopy made it possible to set up many cabs for onward travel to the city center. Both buildings were connected by a 37-meter-wide station concourse that spanned the five tracks.

Former train stations and main train station from 1906

On the city side, a portico with five arches closed off the station hall. Since all tracks led through the arches to the forecourt, the station was operationally a mixture of a terminus and a through station . Three of the tracks ended at a turntable , the other two formed the beginning of the Hamburg-Altona connecting line . She used the pavement as far as Klosterthor station , so that the trains were only allowed to run at walking pace and had to be accompanied on foot by a railway worker equipped with a warning bell and a flag. In the direction of Harburg, the route from the Venlo train station initially ran for about a kilometer to the east and then turned south to cross the Elbe.

In the vicinity of the reception building there was a post office on the departure side, and the depot with two locomotive sheds and a workshop to the south . Further north and along the route to the Elbe bridge, facilities for freight traffic with several freight sheds were built, some of which were used for direct transshipment from water to rail. To the west there was a connection to the Hamburg port railway with a bridge over the Magdeburg harbor .

After the formation of the Hamburg free port in October 1888, the southern part of the railway area passed to the City of Hamburg, which set up the Versmannkai port station (later Hamburg-Kai on the right ) here. The customs border of the free port, which was secured by a fence, ran between the two stations. Track connections were available between the two stations for handover trips. The Wilhelmsburg marshalling yard was built to replace the space that was no longer available . He took over the freight traffic for the area around the later left Elbe port station in Niedernfelde , which had previously been handled by the Venlo train station.

After the opening of Hamburg's main train station in December 1906, the Hannoversche Bahnhof was closed to passenger traffic in autumn 1907. From then on it was only used as a passenger station in exceptional cases, for example when the main station was overloaded for excursion traffic, for trains with emigrants to the port or, during World War I, for transports to the front and the return of the wounded. After the end of the war, the Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 76 returned to Hamburg via the train station in December 1918.

Freight station 1906–1940

At the same time as the main train station was being built, a viaduct , also known as the “ pillar railway ”, was built , which crossed the Hanover railway station without crossing. The structure consisted of 126 vaults with a clear width of six meters, some of which were bricked up and used as service rooms for the railway. The pillar railway served as a feeder line from the Norderelbbrücke, which had been expanded to four tracks since 1893, to the main station. The Oberhafenbrücke , a two-storey swing bridge with four tracks for the railway on the upper level and two lanes for road traffic on the lower level , was connected to the pillar railway. Two stops for suburban traffic opened on the pillar railway in 1908: Elbe bridges near the Norderelbbrücke and Oberhafen south of the Oberhafenbrücke. Hermann Textor from the Lübeck-Büchener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft had already closed the Lübeck freight yard in Hamburg in 1902 and connected its railway line with the freight yard of the Hanover station in the Rothenburgsort district , which went into operation in February 1903 , which later became the first section of the later Hamburg freight bypass line. A swing bridge was also required for this to cross the Oberhafen.

The Oberhafenbrücke in 2005

From 1907 onwards, the passenger station was structurally almost unchanged for express goods traffic . At about the same time, the renovation of several goods sheds that were reserved for general cargo traffic began. To the north of the old passenger station there was a free loading facility with 14 tracks, further free loading tracks at the Oberhafen in the east were used for coal handling. One of the four signal boxes was replaced by an electromechanical bridge signal box in the 1920s ; the almost 30-meter-long building spanned several tracks and was attached to the pillar railway in the south. At the same point, a block for the passenger tracks was built above the pier .

In the 1930s, the majority of the express freight trains for Hamburg were dissolved or formed by Hamburg in the main freight station . Freight trains on the Wilhelmsburg – Rothenburgsort route had to change direction in the main freight station . In 1938, this affected an average of 57 trains per day, some of which had to be pushed in as a result of the steep ramps to the bridges over the Norderelbe and the Oberhafen directly adjacent to the station . Among other things, to relieve the main freight station, the southern extension of the freight bypass line had been planned since the 1920s . The construction did not take place as a result of the Second World War .

Central Hamburg deportation station 1940–1945

Memorial plaque to the deportees from Hanover train station, Lohseplatz in 2007

During the Nazi era , the train station was the central point for the deportation of Jews , Sinti and Roma between 1940 and 1945 . The fact that the station was on the edge, despite its proximity to the city center, was in the interests of those responsible, since deportations from “the main station would probably have attracted too much public attention. Nevertheless, the deportations from Hanover train station were not a secret enterprise that remained hidden from the Hamburg public. "

On May 16, 1940, the criminal police arrested around 550 Sinti and Roma in Hamburg, around 200 more from Schleswig-Holstein and around 160 from Bremen. They were interned for four days in fruit shed 10 at Magdeburg harbor. On May 20, 1940, they were deported from the nearby Hanover train station to the labor camps of the Bełżec community . Between May 20, 1940 and February 14, 1945, 20 transports left Hamburg from the Hanover railway station, with which 7,692 Jews, Sinti and Roma to Eastern European ghettos ( Lodz , Minsk , Riga , Theresienstadt ) or extermination camps ( Auschwitz-Birkenau , Bełżec ) were deported. At least 6,500 of them were killed there, and significantly fewer than 1,000 people probably survived.

Around 2000 people were deported from the train station to the Heuberg camp as so-called 999s - forced recruits of the Penal Division 999 .

Freight station 1945–1999

At the end of the war, large parts of the freight yard were badly damaged or destroyed by air raids. The Oberhafen and Elbbrücke stops were closed after the air raids and were not reopened after 1945. On October 16, 1955, the portal of the reception building, which had been damaged in the war, was blown up; the side wings were preserved until 1981 and were used by freight forwarders and railroad stations. The Hamburg Han depot was dissolved in 1953, and the services went to the Hamburg-Rothenburgsort depot . On June 1, 1964, the station, which was officially called Hamburg Hgbf Han since 1930 , was renamed Hamburg Main Freight Station .

The siding of the Hamburg wholesale market , which opened in 1962, was part of the main freight station, and was operated from the Rothenburgsort station. To the east of the wholesale market, a free loading facility with 13 tracks and a drainage mountain was built . About 200 freight wagons per day were unloaded at the wholesale market. The Deichtor market halls were also supplied with fruit, vegetables and flowers via the open loading systems of the main freight station. From the 1950s, the station was used for piggyback traffic , freight cars were also reloaded onto road scooters and showmen and circus trains were dispatched.

In 1968, 27,000 truckloads were handled in the goods handling department in reception and 43,500 truckloads in dispatch. 31,500 tons of general cargo were received, 31,000 tons dispatched and 70,000 tons reloaded. There were direct TEEM connections to Rotterdam , Stockholm , Bologna , and express freight trains ran to Basel Badischer Bahnhof , Düsseldorf-Derendorf , Cologne-Gereon and Munich South . From 1969 the goods handling at the main freight station was modernized for around 10 million DM . The construction work was preceded by investigations, according to which the overwhelming majority of the goods handling customers came from the Hamburg city center. Therefore, the relocation of goods handling, which was also examined, was not carried out, as this would have involved longer journeys.

The marshalling yard mesh took over after its launch in July 1977, the formation of Eilgüterzügen for the Hamburg area, the main freight station remained the cargo clearance. In September 1983 the Harburg S-Bahn opened , which passes the east end of the station and crosses the Oberhafen Canal on a steel bridge. The existing double-track bridge over the Oberhafen Canal in the direction of Rothenburgsort was replaced by a new single-track construction in the mid-1990s as part of the expansion of the Berlin – Hamburg line. In 1996 the southern Hamburg freight bypass went into operation, for which a third bridge was built over the Oberhafen Canal.

Decommissioning and reuse

Lohseplatz with the remains of the outdoor charging system in 2007

demolition

After commissioning of goods bypass track the tracks of the main freight depot were largely demolished since 1999 the tracks official name in the area of the former station branching point Erik . General cargo handling was discontinued at the end of 1997. The tracks at the Hamburg wholesale market were also dismantled by 2004. At the end of 2007, the superstructure of the Oberhafenbrücke, next to which the Oberhafenkantine is one of the few remaining coffee flaps in Hamburg, was replaced. The pier viaduct was demolished in 2008 and replaced by a dam surrounded by retaining walls. Since October 1, 2013, the service of the loading point "Hamburg Hauptgüterbahnhof" (including the assigned loading points "Logistikzentrum" and "DB-Dst" as well as "Railport") has been discontinued by the then DB Schenker Rail (now DB Cargo ), which is the access track since then shut down by a barrier .

The denk.mal Hannoverscher Bahnhof memorial

Hannoverscher Bahnhof memorial site

The Am Lohsepark district was built on the vacated railway site as part of HafenCity with residential buildings and a green area, the eponymous Lohsepark , was created. On May 10, 2017, the denk.mal Hannoverscher Bahnhof memorial was inaugurated, which commemorates the deportations of Jews , Sinti and Roma from the Hanover train station between 1940 and 1945 and which runs through the grounds of the park. In addition to the relic of platform 2 of the former train station, which has been designated as a memorial site and is under monument protection, there is a so-called joint that leads from the former station forecourt along the historical track to the platform through the park. A documentation center is also to be built by 2020.

A memorial plaque of the German-Jewish Society Hamburg has been commemorating the victims of the deportations since October 1993 . In 2005, another memorial was erected at Lohseplatz as part of the Hamburg food bank program . The Denk-Mal freight car in Winterhude also relates to transport .

Web links

Commons : Hannoverscher Bahnhof  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Manfred Berger : Historic train station buildings. (Volume II: Braunschweig, Hanover, Prussia, Bremen, Hamburg, Oldenburg and Schleswig-Holstein). Transpress, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-344-00067-5 , p. 214ff.
  2. ^ Hermann Hoyer: Hamburg Central Station. 1906–2006 - 100 years in the city center. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-88255-721-3 , p. 15.
  3. ↑ This assessment in Berger, Bahnhofsbauten , p. 214.
  4. ^ Large-format interior view from 1872 in: Hamburg in early photographs . Ed. Jan Zimmermann, Junius Verlag, Hamburg 2019, pp. 130f. - On the next page an exterior view.
  5. ↑ Berger, Bahnhofsbauten , p. 215.
  6. ^ Benno Wiesmüller, Dierk Lawrenz: The Hamburg shunting and freight yards. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-88255-303-1 , pp. 41, 84f.
  7. ↑ Wiesmüller, Lawrenz, Die Hamburger Rangier- und Güterbahnhöfe, p. 42f.
  8. ↑ Wiesmüller, Lawrenz, Die Hamburger Rangier- und Güterbahnhöfe, p. 44.
  9. ↑ Wiesmüller, Lawrenz, Die Hamburger Rangier- und Güterbahnhöfe, p. 42ff.
  10. ↑ Wiesmüller, Lawrenz, Die Hamburger Rangier- und Güterbahnhöfe, p. 44ff.
  11. ^ Linde Apel, Frank Bajohr , Ulrich Prehn: The deportations from Hanover station 1940-1945. Historical course and traces of memory. (PDF; 142 KiB; accessed on January 14, 2011), p. 5.
  12. ↑ Deportation to Bełżec. At: Sent to death. The deportations of Jews, Roma and Sinti from Hamburg from 1940 to 1945. (Accessed January 14, 2011)
  13. ↑ Figures from Apel, Bajohr, Prehn, Deportationen, p. 6 (PDF; 142 KiB; accessed on January 14, 2011).
  14. ↑ Ursula Suhling: 999 criminal soldiers - deported from the Hanover train station. Hamburg anti-fascists in Wehrmacht uniform . VSA, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-89965-613-8 .
  15. ↑ Wiesmüller, Lawrenz, Die Hamburger Rangier- und Güterbahnhöfe, p. 46.
  16. ↑ Wiesmüller, Lawrenz, Die Hamburger Rangier- und Güterbahnhöfe, p. 47.
  17. ↑ Figures from Manfred Unbehagen: The large systems of long-distance travel and goods traffic in Hamburg. In: Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau , 1970 (19), ISSN  0013-2845 , pp. 349-368, here p. 361.
  18. ↑ Wiesmüller, Lawrenz, Die Hamburger Rangier- und Güterbahnhöfe, p. 48.
  19. ^ Unease, Attachments , p. 362.
  20. ↑ a b Wiesmüller, Lawrenz, Die Hamburger Rangier- und Güterbahnhöfe, p. 49f.
  21. ↑ Bahn-Report, Edition 6/2013, p. 34
  22. ↑ hamburg.de: Hannoverscher Bahnhof
  23. ↑ Apel, Bajohr, Prehn, Deportationen, p. 12f (PDF; 142 KiB; accessed on January 14, 2011)
  24. ↑ Workshop talk at: Sent to death. The deportations of Jews, Roma and Sinti from Hamburg from 1940 to 1945. (Accessed January 14, 2011)