Via Giulia (Rome)
| Via Giulia | |
|---|---|
| Street in Rome | |
 |
|
| Arco Farnese in Via Giulia | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Rome |
| District | Rioni Regola and Ponte |
| Created | around 1508 |
| Cross streets | V. del Mascherone, V. dei Farnesi, V. del Gonfalone |
| Places | Piazza S. Vinc. Pallotti, Piazza dell'Oro |
| Buildings |
SM dell'Orazione , San Biagio della Pagnotta , SGdFiorentini , Palazzo Farnese , Palazzo Sacchetti |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 950 meters |
The Via Giulia is a historic street in the Roman historical center. The construction of the street was commissioned from Donato Bramante in 1508 by Pope Julius II , whose name it bears . The Rioni connects Regola and Ponte over a length of about 1 km . Numerous events were held in 2008 to mark its 500-year history; some churches and palaces have been restored and opened to visitors.
history
The area of the ancient Field of Mars developed into one of the most densely populated districts (Abitato) of Rome since the early Middle Ages. The maze of narrow alleys was only criss-crossed by three narrow thoroughfares: the Via Papalis , the Via Peregrinorum (pilgrimage route) and the Via Triumphalis. Since the Middle Ages, solemn processions have been forced through these streets towards the bottleneck of the Engelsbrücke almost every day. Already in the first Holy Year of 1300 proclaimed by Pope Boniface VIII , the rush on the bridge to Castel Sant'Angelo was so great that, as Dante Alighieri describes in the Divine Comedy , a kind of two-way traffic system had to be set up to avoid traffic jams or panic avoid. When Pope Martin V returned to Rome in 1420, the number of pilgrims increased enormously , especially in the jubilee years . In 1450 there was a panic on the bridge in which 172 people were killed.
As a result of the catastrophe of 1450, on the orders of Pope Nicholas V, the Angel's Bridge was cleared of stalls and stalls and the first urban development measures were initiated in the zone. In order to relieve the pilgrimage over the Angel Bridge, Pope Sixtus IV ordered the reconstruction of the Ponte Sisto, named after him, over the Tiber (inscription) in 1475 , thus connecting the districts of Regola and Trastevere . At the same time he had the Via Pelegrinorum and the area around the Campo dei Fiori (inscription) renovated. According to the report of the chronicler Stefano Infessura, strategic reasons for these projects were also decisive. Pope Alexander VI decreed the widening of the Via Pelegrinorum in 1497. (Fig.) And started the renovation of Via della Lungara on the right bank of the Tiber from Ponte Sisto to Sankt Peter.
The Pope Julius II project .
One of Pope Julius II's projects for urban renewal, in addition to the new building of St. Peter's Church, was the construction of a new prestigious street through the most densely populated district of Rome, from the Ponte Sisto to the district of the Florentine merchants in the Tiber arch. Starting from the Ponte Sisto, he gave the order to build two new straight streets to the right and left of the Tiber: Via Giulia and a straight street along the right bank of the Tiber from Porta Septimiana to the Ospedale Santo Spirito in Sassia, via della Lungara, around the Relieve pilgrimage to Sankt Peter. These projects were intended to represent the glory of the pontiff as the unifier of Italy and the innovator of Rome. An inscription on Via dei Banchi Nuovi shows this intention.
Around 1508 Pope Julius II commissioned Donato Bramante , the builder of the new St. Peter's Church, to build a representative street and a central municipal administrative center in the densely populated and densely built-up Marsfeld. Giorgio Vasari writes: The Pope decided, under Bramante's direction, to bring all the public offices and courts of justice of Rome together in one place in Via Giulia, considering the comfort it would mean for the employees, who until then had always carried out their activities under very arduous conditions had done . The central judicial and administrative center should also serve the merchants. The infrastructure projects in the Rioni Regola, Ponte and Parione, which had already started under Pope Sixtus IV, the uncle of Pope Julius II, were intended to complete the Renovatio Romae .
Above all, however, Julius II intended to relocate the new city center with the huge administrative center, the Palazzo dei Tribunali, to a representative forum between the Palazzo and the old Cancelleria on the new street, away from the Capitol. This was intended to curb the papal power on the dependence of the powerful noble families of the city, especially the Orsini and Colonna. A closer economic bond with the Tuscan bankers, especially with Agostino Chigi , was sought and promoted.
However, the entire Via Giulia project came to a standstill as early as 1511 with the agreement between the centuries-old Orsini and Colonna families of the Pax Romana, and the construction of the Palazzo dei Tribunali was finally stopped. Except for a few rusticated blocks between Via del Gonfalone and the Vicolo del Cefalo nothing remains of the palace.
Via Giulia in the 16th and 17th centuries
After Julius II's death in 1513, his successor Pope Leo X continued from the Medici family . Mainly in the northern part of the street between the unfinished ruins of the Palazzo dei Tribunali and the banking district, further construction work took place and thus supported the community of Florentine merchants. In this zone, important artists, such as Raffael and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, acquired land or built imposing palaces. At the beginning of the sixteenth century it had also become fashionable for the various nations and city-states to have their own churches built in Rome. The districts Regola and Ponte on the processional and pilgrimage streets were preferred addresses for this. The Spaniards, English and Swedes, like Florentines and Neapolitans, had their representative churches built in the vicinity of Via Giulia. From the church of San Biagio in a southerly direction, the area changed radically. The central part of Via Giulia around Monte dei Planca Incoronati was in a state of decay with poor buildings, inns, brothels and disreputable places. The area between Via del Gonfalone, Via delle Carceri, Via di Monserrato and the Tiber has been one of the most notorious neighborhoods in Rome since the Middle Ages. A manuscript from 1556 reports on the quarter around the later demolished church of San Niccolò degli Incoronati: … 150 houses of very simple people, whores and dubious people… . The area from the church of Santa Aurea, today Santo Spirito dei Napoletani, was called Castrum Senense in the Middle Ages because it was mostly inhabited by blacksmiths from Siena. At this end of Via Giulia, a precisely defined architectural development plan emerged, the starting point of which was the construction of the Farnese residence. The perspective conclusion at the southern end of Via Giulia was the Ospedale dei Mendicanti (beggar's hospice) built in 1586 on behalf of Pope Sixtus V by the architect Domenico Fontana from the middle of the 16th century . In order to supply the quarter with enough drinking water, Pope Paul V had the Aqua Paola extended over the Tiber and a fountain, the Fontana di Ponte Sisto, built on the facade in the axis to Via Giulia in 1613. This fountain was demolished around 1880 and rebuilt in 1898 on the opposite side of the Ponte Sisto on today's Piazza Trilussa (Fig.) .
Via Giulia; Detail from Almae urbis Romae prospectus 1645 Antonio Tempesta
At the end of the 16th century the route of the Via Giulia was basically fixed. The two ends were determined by the Florentine quarter in the north and the Ospedale dei Mendicanti in the south. Less of a business artery, the street formed a busy promenade and was a place for festivals, processions and races. In the summer, parts were flooded and boat races were held. In 1603 there was a tournament among the Ceuli at the Palazzo Sacchetti. In 1617 Cardinal Odoardo Farnese organized a Saracen tournament at the Oratorio della Compagnia della Morte, to which he invited eight cardinals, among others. During the summer months, the street was sometimes flooded, for the amusement of the people and the nobility. The Farnese held one of the most glamorous festivals in 1638 on the occasion of the birth of the French Dauphin , the future King Louis XIV. In 1663, the organization of a horse race with naked hunchbacks during the carnival is recorded.
In the Baroque period, other important building projects contributed to the later appearance of the street: the completion of the Church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini , the construction of the Carceri Nuove (New Prison), the new construction of the Palazzo Falconieri and the construction of the Church of Sant'Anna dei Bresciani and Santa Maria del Suffragio. Despite these structures, the character of the street changes little. In the general urban development of Rome it tends to be left out.
The development in the 18th and 19th centuries
Even in the 18th century, Via Giulia was mainly used for holding festivals. In 1720 the Sienese held a splendid festival to celebrate the elevation of their compatriot Marc'Antonio Zondadari to Grand Master of the Order of Malta . The palaces of the noble families were richly decorated and festively lit for the occasion. Two triumphal arches rose above the pageant. The Fontana del Mascherone donated wine instead of water to the people.
Few new construction or restoration projects were carried out in the 19th century. These included the juvenile prison (Palazzo del Gonfalone) (1825-27), the renovation of the Armenian hospice next to the Church of San Biagio (1830), the new facade of the Santo Spirito dei Napoletani (1853) and above all the Collegio Spagnuolo (1853) . The general decline of the structural fabric of the buildings in the street could not be stopped by this.
Via Giulia since 1870
After Rome was elevated to the capital of the Kingdom of Italy in 1870, the regulation of the banks of the Tiber began in 1873 with the construction of embankment walls. This project involved the demolition and destruction of many buildings in the street. As a result, the Via Giulia was almost completely cut off from the Tiber. The façades facing the river with loggias and gardens, as in the Palazzi Medici-Clarelli, Sacchetti, Varese, Falconieri, had lost their purpose. Significant interventions in the building structure during the fascist era left a large gap between the Via della Barchetta and the Vicolo delle Prigioni, which to this day has only been partially filled by the new building of the Liceo Classico Virgilio.
Walk through Via Giulia
Via Giulia extends in a north-westerly direction for about one kilometer from Piazza San Vincenzo Pallotti on Ponte Sisto to Piazza dell'Oro in front of the Church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini. From the middle of the 16th century, the perspective conclusion at the southern end was formed by the Ospedale dei Mendicanti (beggar's hospice) , built in 1536 by Domenico Fontana on behalf of Pope Sixtus V. A fountain was built into its facade in 1613 under Paul V. (Engraving by Giuseppe Vasi) . This fountain was demolished around 1880 and erected again in 1898 on the opposite side of the Ponte Sisto on today's Piazza Trilussa (Fig.) .
- 1 Palazzina Pateras Pescara (Via Giulia 251)
.jpg)
This last building on Via Giulia was built by Marcello Piacentini between 1910 and 1924 on behalf of Avvocato Pateras. Today it houses the consulate of the Republic of France in Rome.
- 2 Fontana del Mascherone
The fountain diagonally opposite the Palazzo Farnese was built by Carlo Rainaldi in the second quarter of the 17th century at the expense of the Farnese . As early as 1570, a public fountain, fed by the Aqua Virgo, was planned in Via Giulia . However, the installation was only possible after Paul V extended the aqueduct across the Ponte Sisto in 1612. The fountain consists of an ancient marble mask (mascherone) on a background of marble volutes, crowned by a metal lily, the symbol of Farnese. It was installed on the wall in the 19th century. In the house opposite (corner of Via del Mascherone) the poet Wilhelm Waiblinger died in 1830 (Fig.) .
- 3 Palazzo Farnese (Via Giulia 186)
The garden facade of this palace building, one of the most important in Rome, was designed from 1549 onwards by Michelangelo and drawings by Vignola and completed in 1589 by Giacomo della Porta and faces the Via Giulia. The garden between the facade and Via Giulia was once adorned with a magnificent fountain with the famous Farnese bull (today in the National Archaeological Archaeological Museum in Naples ) (Fig.) . The palace is now the seat of the French embassy.
- 3a Camerini Farnesiani (Via Giulia 253-260) (Fig.)
Behind the row of lower buildings (Camerini Farnesiani) (Fig.) That today belong to the French Embassy stretched the Palazzetto Farnese, also known as Eremo del Cardinale ( Cardinal's Hermitage), built by Cardinal Odoardo Farnese around 1603 . This private retreat of the cardinal, adorned with murals by Giovanni Lanfranco , was directly accessible from the Palazzo Farnese via a terrace and the bridge over the Via Giulia, the Arco Farnese . The building and garden fell victim to the Tiber regulation after 1870.
- 4 Arco Farnese
The bridge crossing over Via Giulia and the connected terrace of Palazzo Farnese were also used as a grandstand from which, especially during the Carnival, festive processions, games and horse races could be watched in Via Giulia.
- 5 Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte (Rome)
The church is located in the immediate vicinity of the Palazzo Farnese and was founded in 1538 by the Compagnia della Morte. This brotherhood had the task of burying the dead that were recovered from the river or found in the outskirts of Rome. The extensive cemetery on the banks of the Tiber was abolished with the regulation of the river bank in 1886. The facade dates from 1732.
- 6 Palazzo Falconieri also Palazzo Odescalchi Falconieri (Via Giulia 1)
The original building, which adjoins the church of Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte, was built in the 16th century for the Roman noble family of the Ceci . Sold by the Ceci in 1574 to the Odescalchi family and then in 1606 to the Farnese, in 1638 it was sold to the Florentine nobleman Orazio Falconieri for 16,000 scudi. In 1645/1646 he commissioned the architect Francesco Borromini to expand the palace. The sides of the facade on Via Giulia are decorated with two pilaster strips in the shape of large herms with female breasts and falcon heads. The facade on the Tiber side shows a three-arched loggia from 1646. Laetitia Ramolino , the mother of Napoleon Bonaparte, lived in the palace from 1815 to 1818 and from 1814 her brother Cardinal Joseph Fesch . In 1927 the Kingdom of Italy ceded the palace to the Hungarian State, which built it as the seat of the Hungarian Academy (Accademia d'ungheria). Today in the palace, next to the academy, reside the embassy of Hungary and the Pontificium Institutum Ecclesiasticum Hungaricum in Urbe.
- 7 Palazzo Baldoca-Muccioli (Via Giulia 167) (Fig.)
The history of this palace is closely linked to that of the neighboring Palazzo Cisterna. Both properties were acquired by the sculptor Guglielmo della Porta . He was from 1540 by Pope Paul III. appointed as his court artist and entrusted with the interior decoration of the Palazzo Farnese . The building was probably also built by him. From the sculptor, the building came into the possession of the Baldoca family and then the Muccioli. At the beginning of the 20th century the palace served as the residence of the English ambassador in Rome, who had it restored in 1928.
- 8 Palazzo Cisterna (Via Giulia 163) (Fig.)
The Palazzo Cisterna was built by Guglielmo della Porta and served as his residence. The inscription GUIEILMUS D (ella) P (orta) ME (ediolanensis) - S (sculptor) CI (vis) RO (manus) can be read above a window on the first floor (Fig.) . A letter to a friend indicates that the palace was completed in 1575. The balcony mentioned is still preserved today. In the beginning of 1600, Spanish missionaries acquired the palace, which they sold to the Cisterna family at the beginning of the 20th century. In the middle of the 20th century it was sold to the Ducci family.
- 9 Santa Caterina da Siena in Via Giulia
The history of this church is closely linked to the history of the brotherhood of the Sienese founded in Rome since the 14th century. A community of merchants, bankers and artisans from Siena had lived in Via Giulia since the 15th century. In 1519 the brotherhood was officially recognized by Pope Leo X. In 1526 they commissioned Baldassare Peruzzi to build the church in honor of their saints, an oratory and a clerical house . The financing was taken over by the Sienese nobility in Rome, especially Cardinal Giovanni Piccolomini and the banker Agostino Chigi . Almost completely destroyed after the Tiber was flooded, it was rebuilt between 1766 and 1775 based on a design by Paolo Posi . The building is still owned by the Arch-Brotherhood of the Sienese. To mark the 500th anniversary of the street in 2008, the altarpiece was restored by Girolamo Genga .
- 10 Palazzo Varese (Via Giulia 14–21) (Fig.)
The palace opposite the Sienese church was originally built in 1495 and completely rebuilt by Carlo Maderno between 1617 and 1618 on behalf of Monsignor Diomede Varese . In 1788 Monsignor Giuseppe degli Atti Varese gave the building to the Congregation Propaganda Fide . After several changes, the palace finally came into the possession of the Mancini family . The front consists of two upper floors and a mezzanine. The main portal opens on the ground floor, above it a balcony on consoles, flanked by three windows each. The portal leads to the cortile with three arcade orders (Fig.) . The cortile was originally open to a garden by the river.
- 11 Sant'Eligio degli Orefici (Via di Sant'Eligio 9)
The small church, a little off the Via Giulia, is the guild church of the Roman gold and silversmiths. It is considered one of Raphael's buildings.
- 12 Palazzo del Collegio Spagnolo (Via Giulia 151)
The Palacio de Monserrat by Pietro Camporese and Antonio Sarti was built between 1848 and 1862 and is now the Spanish Center for Higher Ecclesiastic Studies. The institute is connected to the Spanish national church of Santa Maria di Monserrato behind it on Via Monserrato. With the completion of this building complex in the 19th century, construction activity in Via Giulia comes to a standstill.
- 13 Liceo Statale Virgilio (Via Giulia No. 35 ff.)
One of the most important state school complexes in Rome was built by Marcello Piacentini between 1936 and 1939. The facade of the Palazzo Ghisleri (Fig.) , Designed by Carlo Maderno (16th century), and the church of Spirito Santo dei Napoletani were incorporated into the building complex between Via Giulia and Lungotevere dei Tebaldi .
- 14 Palazzo Ricci (Via Giulia 146) (Fig.)
Today's building was originally a collection of non-related buildings that were built at different times opposite the Collegio Ghisleri. The building complex was combined in 1634 and 1683. The main facade to the Piazza de'Ricci shows strongly faded remains of a painting by Polidoro da Caravaggio (16th century). On the side facing Via Giulia, the complex was given today's uniform appearance through a continuous facade (Fig.) .
- 15 Spirito Santo dei Napoletani
In the catalog of Pius V this church is listed under the name Santa Aura in strada Iulia . It was dedicated to Saint Aurea , the patron saint of Ostia. A nunnery was attached to the church. In 1439 the church was restored at the expense of Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville . In 1572 the derelict building was given to the Confraternita dello Spirito Santo dei Napoletani (Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Neapolitans), who had it demolished. In 1574 Domenico Fontana rebuilt the church. She was consecrated to the Holy Spirit. In the following centuries it was renovated several times, at the beginning of the 18th century by Carlo Fontana and in the middle of the 19th century the facade by Antonio Cipolla (1853). It was the national church of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . Between 1934 and 1984 the last King Franz II and his wife Marie Sophie Amalie, Duchess of Bavaria, were buried in the church. After long restoration work, the church has been open to the public again since 1986. (Fig.)
- 16 San Filippo Neri in Via Giulia (Fig.)
The little church opposite the Carceri Nuove was donated by a glove maker from Florence, Rutilio Brandi, around 1600 and originally consecrated to Saint Trophimus . Associated with this was a home for unmarried girls and a hospital for sick priests. After the girls' home, the church was dedicated to Saint Filippo Neri . The building is now profaned.
- 17 Carceri Nuove (via Giulia 52)
Since 1430, the influential Savelli family had a monopoly on running prisons in the city, especially the infamous Corte Savella in Via di Monserrato No. 42. The inhumane penal system in the Corte Savella prompted Pope Innocent X to monopoly the Savelli to evade the prison system in Rome. As a sign of a new Justitia Papalis , he had the new correctional facility, the Carceri Nuove, built in Via Giulia. This New Prison was built between 1652 and 1655 by the architect Antonio del Grande . The Carceri Nuove were seen as role models for humane penal systems in their time. The building and its purpose had a rather negative influence on the image of the boulevard, which meant that further construction activities largely came to a standstill in the following years and the street's Renaissance character was retained. The building served as a prison until 1883 and as a youth prison until 1931. From 1931 the palace housed the headquarters of the Centro di Studi Penitenziari (Research Institute for Criminal Justice) and a specialist library. Today the building houses the Direzione Nazionale Antimafia e Antiterrorismo (National Directorate for Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism).
- 17a Palazzo del Gonfalone
The unadorned, sober building between Vicolo della Scimia and Via del Gonfalone has no entrance from Via Giulia. He was between 1825 and 1827 under Pope Leo XII. built as a youth prison based on plans by Giuseppe Valadier . Today the Museo Criminologico (Criminological Museum) is located in the building.
- 18 Santa Maria del Suffragio
In 1592, the Confraternita del Suffragio (Brotherhood of Intercession) was founded next to the Church of San Biagio della Pagnotta for the pious purpose of imploring intercession for the dying and the deceased. The brotherhood received its approval from Clement VIII in 1594 and was elevated to Arciconfaternità (arch brotherhood ) by Paul V in 1620 . In 1607 the Arch Brotherhood acquired a plot of land within the unfinished Palazzo dei Tribunali and commissioned the architect Carlo Rainaldi to build their own church, which was completed in 1669 and taken over by the client in 1675. The church was renovated in 1868. The frescoes inside the church are by Cesare Mariani ( The Coronation of the Virgin ), Giuseppe Chiari ( Birth of Mary and Adoration of the Magi ).
- 19 Palazzo dei Tribunali
_1.jpg)
Julius II's most important project in the new street he planned was a central administrative building in which a large part of the city's important offices and courts (tribunali) were to be brought together. The Pope's commission to Donato Bramante , at the time the chief architect of the new St. Peter's Church, was issued around 1506. Construction work on the area between Vicolo del Cefalo and Via del Gonfalone began around 1508, but was interrupted in 1511 after the Pax Romana. With the death of Julius II in 1513, the building activity was completely stopped. Giorgio Vasari writes: The Pope decided to put all the offices and financial offices of Rome in one place in the Via Giulia designed by Bramante. This would have made it easier for business people to carry out their business, which until then had been cumbersome. Therefore Bramante started the construction of the palace that can be seen near San Biagio on the Tiber. In it there is still an unfinished Corinthian temple, something very rare and the remains of the beginning in beautiful Opera Rustica. It is a great deal of harm that such an important, useful, and great project was left unfinished. Experts considered this to be the most beautiful structure of its kind that one has ever seen . Of the building, only a few remains of the mighty rusticated walls, known by the Roman population as Sofà , can be seen between Via del Gonfalone and Vicolo del Cefalo along Via Giulia.
- 20 San Biagio della Pagnotta (San Biagio degli Armeni)
This old church, consecrated to Saint Blaise of Sebaste , is already mentioned in the church catalogs of the Middle Ages under the name of San Biagio de Cantu Secuta . The name della pagnotta is derived from the Roman word pagnotta (bread rolls), which were distributed to the faithful there on certain occasions. The church was attached to one of the first abbeys in Rome. An inscription inside reminds of the rebuilding of the church by an abbot Dominicus in 1072. According to Bramante's plans, this church was to be included in the construction of the Palazzo dei Tribunali . In 1539 it was elevated to a parish church. In 1826 Pope Gregory XVI shared the church of the Armenian community. Since then it has also been called San Biagio degli Armeni .
- 21 Palazzo Ricci-Donarelli (Via Giulia No. 99-105)
The palace, across from Palazzo Sacchetti, was originally a group of residential buildings that first belonged to the Ricci family, later the Donarelli. The complex was restructured in 1663 by Carlo Rainaldi .
- 22 Palazzo Sacchetti (Via Giulia 66)
.jpg)
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger received the property from Pope Paul III. He then built a three-story house for himself in 1542. He lived here until his death in 1546. His son Orazio inherited the building and sold it in 1552 to Cardinal Giovanni Ricci di Montepulciano, who had the palace expanded to its current dimensions by the architect Nanni di Baccio Bigio . An inscription on the side wall in Vicolo del Cefalo says that the palace was exempt from the Census of 1555.
The building changed hands several times. In 1649 it was bought by the Sacchetti family in Florence, whose name it still bears. On the third window on the first floor is the rest of the coat of arms of Paul III, which was later removed. let in. The marble entrance portal to Via Giulia is framed on both sides by three large barred windows with knee brackets. At the left corner of the palace there is a small fountain (fig.) With two dolphins set into the house wall. This refers to the later owners, the Ceuli family. Notable inside are the World Maps Room , designed by Francesco Salviati, and the frescoed dining room by Pietro da Cortona . The writer Ingeborg Bachmann lived in this palazzo in 1973 and died here on October 17, 1973.
- 23 Palace with the Farnese Coat of Arms (Via Giulia 93)
;Palast_mit_den_Farnese_Wappen.jpg)
The construction is attributed to Giacomo della Porta. The palazzo is named after the three coats of arms of the Farnese, which, under Pope Paul III. were attached to the facade. In the center of the upper floor is the Paul III coat of arms. with the papal tiara and keys attached between two unicorns. On the left is the coat of arms of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese and on the right that of the coat of arms of the Duke of Parma and Piacenza Ranuccio I Farnese .
- 24 Palazzo Medici Clarelli (Via Giulia 79)
This palace was also built by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger from 1536 to 1542 as a private residence. After Sangallo's death, the building came into the possession of the Florentine Migliore Cresci. An inscription above the main portal (fig.) Immortalizes Duke Cosimo I de 'Medici . The palace was the seat of the Tuscan Consulate in Rome in the 17th century. At the end of the 17th century it belonged to the Marini Clarelli family. In the 19th century it was used as a barracks and sold to the city of Rome in 1870. The facade as well as the portal is lined with rusticated cuboids. On the sides of the portal there are large windows on consoles.
- 25 Casa di Raffaello (via Giulia 85) (Fig.)
This palace, incorrectly referred to as the house of Raphael , was built after 1525 for the Vatican Chapter based on a design by the architect Bartolomeo de Ramponibus. Raffael originally bought three properties here. However, he died before a building was completed. An inscription above the windows of the first floor reminds of Raphael: POSSEDEVA RAF SANZIO NEL MDXX .
- 26 quarters of the Florentines
Since the 15th century, Tuscan merchants moved to Rome and settled in the Tiber arch, today's Rione Ponte. Both Popes from the Medici family, Leo X and Clement VII, encouraged the influx of the Florentines in particular. The commune had its own consulate since 1515, located in the house on the corner of Via del Consolato. It also had its own laws, its own court, even its own prison. Some of the buildings from the 16th century that formerly belonged to the Florentines (Fig.) Have been preserved opposite the church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini:
Quarter of the Florentines
Quarter of the Florentines
Quarter of the Florentines
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
- 27 San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
.jpg)
1519, the "nation" of the Florentine Pope was Leo X. a parish church in honor of the privilege of John the Baptist to build. The church stands at the northern end of Via Giulia in the Florentine Quarter. The church reflects the grandeur and power-political self-image of the Medici family, who once owned a palazzo right next to the church. By far the largest and most important church in Via Giulia, construction of which began at the beginning of the 16th century, took more than 200 years to build. It brings together the work of the two Baroque architects who were important for Rome, Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini , whose grave is in the church. The altarpiece is by Pietro da Cortona .
Trivia
Émile Zola , who visited Rome from 1894 to 1896, gives a description of the Via Giulia and the Palazzo Sacchetti (Palazzo Boccanera) in his travelogue.
literature
- Mariano Armellini: Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX. 1891; Edizione Internet.
- Giorgio Carpaneto, Claudia Cerchiai, Alberto Manodori, Ludovico Pratesi, Mauro Quercioli, Carlo Villa: La Grande Guida dei Rioni di Roma , 2001 Newton & Compton, Roma, ISBN 88-8289-388-X .
- Tobias Güthner: Florentine merchants and bankers in Rome . Dissertation at the Faculty of History and Art Studies at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, 2010.
- Guida d'Italia - Roma , Touring Club Italiano , Milano 2007, ISBN 88-365-4134-8 , p. 375
- Claudio Rendina, Donatella Paradisi: Le strade di Roma, Volume secondo , 2003 Newton & Compton, Roma, ISBN 88-541-0209-1 .
- Claudio Rendina: Palazzi Storici di Roma , Newton & Compton, Rome, ISBN 88-541-0444-2 .
- Nicholas Temple: Renovatio Urbis; Architecture, urbanism and ceremony in the Rome of Julius II. Routledge, New York, 2011, ISBN 978-0-203-81848-0 .
- Giorgio Vasari : The life of Bramante and Peruzzi , Klaus Wagenbach, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-8031-5036-3 .
Web links
- Omaggio a Via Giulia (Italian)
References and comments
- ↑ essentially today's Rioni Regola , Ponte , Parione , Sant'Eustachio and Pigna
- ↑ today Via dei Banchi Nuovi and Via del Governo Vecchio to the Capitol
- ↑ today Via del Pellegrino, Via dei Giubbonari to Portico di Ottavia
- ↑ today Via dei Coronari
- ↑ Dante Alighieri: Inferno, canto XVIII vv. 28–3 –––– 3
- ^ Stefano Infessura: Diario Rerum Romanorum; Roma 1890 p. 79 f .: February 1475 - King Ferrante went through the whole of Rome ... said to Pope Sixtus IV. He was not master of this land because of these protruding porticos and the narrow streets and the wooden balconies that existed here, if he had to throw soldiers into Rome one day…. He advised him that he should tear down the balconies and porticoes and expand the streets. And the Pope took his advice, and later, as soon as he could, the balconies and porticos were torn down and the streets were widened, under the pretext that they wanted to pave the streets and beautify the city
- ↑ Inscription at the entrance to Via del Pellegrino: ALEX VI PONT MAX POST INSTAURATAM ADRIANI MOLEM ANGUSTAS VRBIS VIAS AMMPLIARI IVSSIT MCCCCLXXXXVII ( Alexander VI. Pont. Max. Ordered the narrow streets of the city to be widened after the Castel Sant'Angelo was restored )
- ↑ Julius II. Pom who expanded the power of the Holy Roman Church and liberated Italy. He embellished the city of Rome, which looked more like a conquered than a properly planned one, to the glory of the empire
- ^ Giorgio Vasari: The life of Bramante and Peruzzi, p. 21
- ↑ Vincenzo Morelli: Omaggio a Via Giulia, p. 5
- ↑ M. Armellini; Le chiese di Roma 1891: S. Niccolò degli Incoronati
- ↑ Vincenzo Morelli: Omaggio a Via Giulia, p. 7 f.
- ↑ Vincenzo Morelli: Omaggio a Via Giulia, p. 12
- ↑ Inscription on the garden facade (fig.)
- ^ Guglielmo della Porta from Milan - sculptor of Roman citizens
- ↑ Vincenzo Morelli: Omaggio a Via Giulia, p. 9 f.
- ↑ Inscription above the portal: IUSTITIAE ET CLEMENTIAE SECURIORI AC MITlORI REORUM CUSTODIAE NOVUM CARCEREM INNOCENTIUS X PONT. MAX. POSUIT ANNO DOMINI MDCLV (Innocent XPM built the new prison in the year of the Lord 1655, for justice and leniency for the safe and humane custody of convicts)
- ↑ Entrance Via del Gonfalone 29
- ↑ Peace agreement between the most powerful noble families
- ^ Giorgio Vasari: Vita di Donato Bramante - 1568
- ↑ Inscription (fig.) On the facade: DOMVS / ANTONII / SANGALLI / ARCHITECTI / MDLIII (house of the architect Antonio Sangallo 1553)
- ↑ Liberato da censo anno MDLIIIII
- ↑ Cefalo = mullet
- ↑ COSMO MEDICI DVCI FIOREN II PACIS ATQVE IVSTICIAE CVLTORI (To Cosimo Medici, 2nd Duke of Florence; keeper of peace and justice)
- ↑ Vincenzo Morelli: Omaggio a Via Giulia, p. 4
- ↑ Tobias Güthner: Florentine merchants and bankers in Rome. Page 49f
- ^ Émile Zola: Les trois villes - Rome ; Volume I, chap. 3, II; Paris 1896