Multi-stemmed swamp rush

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Multi-stemmed swamp rush
Illustration of the multi-stemmed marsh rush (Eleocharis multicaulis), on the right, referred to as the tuft ledge. Left the egg-shaped swamp rush (Eleocharis ovata)

Illustration of the multi-stemmed marsh rush ( Eleocharis multicaulis ), on the right, referred to as the tuft ledge. Left the egg-shaped swamp rush ( Eleocharis ovata )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Marsh rushes ( Eleocharis )
Type : Multi-stemmed swamp rush
Scientific name
Eleocharis multicaulis
( Sm. ) Desv.

The multi-stemmed swamp rush ( Eleocharis multicaulis ) is a species of the genus swamp rushes ( Eleocharis ) within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It is widespread from the Azores through Morocco to Europe. In Central Europe it forms low-growing silt reeds in shallow flooded shores of heather ponds and bog pools ( dystrophic still waters ). It is generally considered rare.

description

Multi-stemmed swamp rush with axillary shoots

The multi-stemmed marsh rush grows as a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of between 10 and 50 centimeters. It forms small to medium-sized clumps without runners . The upright to prostrate, grass-green and spiderless stems are round and smooth. Occasionally an axillary shoot forms on the lowest glume of the spikelets , which tilts downwards due to its own weight and takes root when it comes into contact with the ground. This can create dense lawns or small tubes. The leaf sheaths are brown to reddish.

The flowering period extends from June to August and rarely extends into October. The inflorescence consists of only one terminal spikelet. The 7 to 30-flowered spikelets are elongated-pointed with a length of 5 and 14 millimeters. The red-brown husks are 3 to 4 millimeters long and ovate, blunt and always longer than the fruit. The husks have a skin edge and a green central nerve. The four to six bristles are shorter or slightly longer than the fruit. The olive-brown, sharp triangular fruit is about 2 millimeters long and 1 millimeter wide. The flowers are hermaphroditic. There are two stamens . The stylus has a slightly thickened and clearly constricted base and ends in three pits .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.

ecology

The multi-stemmed swamp rush is a hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is carried by the wind. There is spread of wind or Velcro spread.

Occurrence and endangerment

The distribution area of the multi-stemmed swamp rush includes Europe including the Azores and Canaries with a focus on the Atlantic west. It is also found in North Africa. In Central Europe it occurs in small stocks in the raised bogs of the northwestern lowlands ; otherwise it is very rare in Central Europe, where its most south-westerly location is in the Vosges ; to the south it is absent; the eastern border of their distribution runs roughly along the imaginary line Vosges- Lübeck .

The multi-stemmed swamp rush populates the banks of heather and moor pools , intermediate and rain moor gorges and muddy dune valleys. It grows in Central Europe in the riparian zone of boggy ponds, more rarely on heavily muddy, base-poor fine sand in the high water area of ​​ponds or lakes. The multi-stemmed swamp rush needs high humidity, and it can only withstand moderate winter cold. It thrives on nutrient-poor, moderately alkaline as well as moderately acidic, wet, poorly aerated peat or mud soils and avoids nitrogen-rich subsoil.

Eleocharis multicaulis is the Kennart the plants society of Vielstängeligen bulrush (Eleocharitetum multicaulis) from the dressing Hydrocotylo-Baldellion.

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

In Germany, the multi-stemmed swamp rush is classified as endangered according to the 1996 Red List of Endangered Plants (hazard category 2). It is threatened above all by the eutrophication of the soil through intensive agriculture, the drainage of moors and the draining of wet meadows .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Multi-stemmed swamp rush. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  165 .
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Eleocharis multicaulis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Web links

Commons : Multi-stemmed marsh rush ( Eleocharis multicaulis )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files