Planta (noble family)
The von Planta are a Swiss noble family from the Upper Engadin , since 1139 ministerials of the Hochstift Chur and from 1367 also of the Free State of the Three Leagues they co-founded . Their headquarters were Zuoz , Samedan and Chur . Individual lines of the family still exist today.
history
According to the chronicle of Fortunat Sprecher , Conrad Planta received sovereignty and property rights in the Upper Engadin as a fief from the Diocese of Chur . Possibly the Planta were the ministerial administrators of the Bishop of Chur in Zuoz . In 1244 Andreas zu Zuoz is mentioned. The Planta tower there, a typical medieval knight's seat in the form of a residential tower , is likely to go back to this time . There are also the Upper and Lower Plantahaus from the 16th century, which were also built from medieval residential towers.
From the middle of the 13th century until around 1300 they rose to become the leading dynasty of the Upper Engadine. From 1288 until the beginning of the 16th century, lower jurisdiction in the Upper Engadin was in the hands of the Planta, which formed their power base. In 1295 Andreas II received the office of Ammann in the Upper Engadin and the Chancellery from Bishop Berthold , as well as all mines with associated rights to an eternal free fiefdom for himself and his descendants, which from then on formed the material basis of the Planta. The purchase price for these rights was 1,050 silver marks. From 1317 they also held mining rights in the Lower Engadine , as vassals of the Counts of Tyrol . From the end of the 14th century they acquired all mining rights in the Lower Engadine, Upper Engadine, Münstertal and probably also in the Poschiavo .
From the beginning of the 14th century marriage connections to the lower aristocratic families of the Chur monastery can be proven, as well as to the South Tyrolean ministerial nobility and the Veltliner leadership. They had episcopal fiefs in the Upper Engadine (including Guardaval Castle ) and in Bergell (including the Senvelenturm and Castelmur Castle ), and in the 14th century also in the Lower Engadine ( Wildenberg Castle in Zernez ) and in the Puschlav. In 1367 Thomas Planta took part in the first lordship contract between the estates and the sovereign of the Chur Monastery. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Planta played a key role in founding the Church of God and the Rhaetian Confederations . From the end of the 14th century, the Planta also held offices in the Lower Engadine, as well as in Vinschgau ( Thurnstein Castle ), Albula Valley , Bergell, Puschlav, Domleschg and in Chur. In 1407 they and Rudolf took their first seat in the Chur cathedral chapter. With Thomas Planta they provided a prince-bishop of Chur from 1549 to 1565.
In the 15th century, the Planta belonged to the leading lower nobility families of the Chur monastery. The mines formed the basis of their economic foundation. After the middle of the 15th century there were close relationships with the Benedictine monastery of St. Johann in Müstair , for which the Planta family provided several abbesses until the 18th century. The branch of the Planta from Zernez confessed to the Reformed faith since the denominational split of the Three Leagues . After the episcopal sovereignty was abolished by Articles 1524 and 1526 of Ilanz in the Free State of the Three Leagues, the Planta were the most influential of the leagues alongside the von Salis . As a result of the conquest of the Valtellina by the Drei Bünde in 1512, the two families became the most important official families there too.
In the middle of the 16th century, the Planta von Wildenberg acquired the rule of Rhäzün as a mortgage from the Habsburgs; At the end of the 16th century, Rhäzüns Castle was significantly expanded under their rule. In the Graubünden turmoil they were, alongside the Salis, in leadership positions on both sides ; While the Reformed Salis mostly sided with France and Venice, the brothers Rudolf and Pompejus von Planta, who had converted to Catholicism, supported the Habsburg party of Austria and Spain. Later representatives of the Planta were also in foreign military service (including Austria, Spain, France, Venice, Holland) and in the 18th century they provided four generals in addition to numerous officers. In the 18th century, the Planta campaigned partially for Austrian interests and against the increasing dominance of the von Salis family. Gaudenz Planta von Samaden (1757–1834) and other family members stood up against the Salis for the French side at the beginning of the 19th century. Around 1798 they lost their last privileges in the Upper Engadine. In 1805 the main line Planta-Wildenberg zu Zernez died out. Peter Conradin von Planta sold Wildenberg Castle after 1850.
Lines
The family later split into six lines:
- The line from Zuoz stuck to Zuoz for a long time, where the family had several apartment towers and houses, and then moved to Domleschg , to Chur , Malans and Basel .
- The Wildenberg line, named after Wildenberg Castle in Zernez , also had Steinsberg Castle in Ardez around 1350 and moved to Guarda and Domleschg, and later to Zurich .
- The line from Susch ; some members also moved to Basel.
- The line from Chur
- The Valence line moved early to Ilanz , later on to Valence in France (belonging to the French nobility) and England.
- The line from Samedan moved to Reichenau and Chur, was the owner of the Tänikon monastery from 1850 and has been extinct since 2011.
After 1650 the political engagement of the Planta decreased. After 1700 the descent of the Planta Steinsberg-Wildenberg and Planta-Wildenberg-Malans lines took place. Until the second half of the 19th century, individual members of the family were active in cantonal politics and, after 1848, in federal politics. Alfred von Planta was President of the Swiss National Council in 1914. After that, the family did not hold any important political offices.
The historical antiquarian fund of the von Planta family, founded in 1985, pursues the purpose of "promoting and preserving historical cultural assets of all kinds in the canton of Graubünden through the acquisition, preservation and maintenance of buildings, preservation of old writings and other valuable objects, reprints or other reproductions of writings or objects of historical or antiquarian value, promoting public interest in the historical heritage of Graubünden by supporting or organizing exhibitions with a historical or antiquarian focus ".
coat of arms
The black bear paw in the silver field. (Blazon: black bear paws with red soles and red soles in silver.) See below: Web links.
Representative (selection)
- Thomas Planta, (around 1370); Ritter and Ammann in the Upper Engadin, co-sealers of the founding charter of the Church of God
- Johann Planta von Wildenberg (around 1500–1572); Governor of the Valtellina, was considered the richest and most powerful man in Rhaetia, lord of Rhäzüns and Hohentrins Castle
- Thomas Planta (1520-1565); Bishop of Chur from 1549 to 1565
- Johann von Planta († 1572), Swiss nobleman
- Rudolf von Planta (1569–1638), leader of the Spanish-Austrian party
- Pompejus Planta (1570-1621); Leader of the Spanish-Austrian party in the Bündner Wirren , brother of Rudolf
- Ambrosius Planta von Wildenberg (1606–1668); Lieutenant-Colonel in the Spanish service, state administrator of the Ten Courts Federation
- Martin Planta (1727–1772), Swiss Reformed clergyman and educator
- Peter Planta von Wildenberg (1734–1805) Lower Engadine mayor and governor of the Valtellina, last male representative of the Zernez line
- Gaudenz Planta von Samaden (1757–1834), lawyer and statesman, called "The Bear"
- Peter Conradin von Planta (1815-1902); Lawyer and historian
- Andreas Rudolf von Planta (1819–1889), Swiss lawyer, entrepreneur and politician
- Franz Albert von Planta-Zuoz (1838–1908), Swiss entrepreneur and politician
- Alfred von Planta (1857–1922), Swiss lawyer, politician, industrialist and diplomat, President of the Swiss National Council
- Louis von Planta (1917–2003), Swiss manager
- Renaud de Planta (1963–), Swiss banker
Buildings and possessions
The following manors were (or still belong to) different lines of the family:
The Planta Tower in Ardez , 13th century
Castle Castelmur (from 1340 in pledge possession of the family)
Guardaval Castle (owned by the family in the 14th century)
Senvelenturm (14th – 15th century owned by the family)
Upper and lower Planta house in Zuoz (built in the 16th century with the inclusion of residential towers)
Tuor Planta in Susch, from around 1500 and again from 1926 until today in family ownership
House at Tuor Planta in Susch
Alliance coat of arms Johannes von Planta-Caterina von Planta, 1653, at Wildenberg Castle (Zernez)
Müstair monastery with Planta tower (right), defensive tower from 960, rebuilt under Abbess Angelina Planta from 1499
Rhäzüns Castle (expanded around 1590 under Johannes Planta von Wildenberg)
House of Balthasar v. Planta, Ardez (built 1600)
Lower Planta House in Malans , built around 1684 for Ambrosius and Gubert v. Planta-Wildenberg
Chesa Planta in Samedan (built in 1595 by the von Salis , from 1817 owned by the von Planta)
Villa Planta in Chur (19th century)
Villa Planta in St. Moritz (19th century)
The Plantahof in Igis near Landquart (19th century)
Untertagstein Castle, Masein (owned by the family since the 19th century until today)
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literature
- Peter Conradin von Planta: Chronicle of the von Planta family together with various communications from the past of Rhaetia. Orell Füssli, Zurich 1892, ( digitized , online ; also: Addendum to the von Planta family chronicle 1892. Additions and references. Ibid 1905).
- Gaudenz von Planta: Brief overview of the history and current population of the von Planta family. sn, Fürstenau 1917
- Anna-Maria Deplazes-Haefliger, Ursus Brunold: Planta. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , pp. 502-504 ( digitized version ).
- Lars Adler : Friedrich Mainhard Planta von Wildenberg. The "unfaithful" knight of the order . In: Karl Wilhelm 1679–1738, catalog for the Great State Exhibition of Baden-Württemberg from May 9 to October 18, 2015 , ed. from the Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. Munich 2015. pp. 166–167.
Web links
- Peter Conradin von Planta: Planta, from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Family history
- Planta-Zuoz archive in the Graubünden State Archive (PDF; 2.6 MB)
- Family coat of arms Planta
- Wildenberg-Planta Castle
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dr. phil. Michael Valser: Johann von Planta, A contribution to the political history of Rhaetia in the XVL century. F. Schulthess, 1888, page 11
- ↑ In the footsteps of Abbess Angelina Planta. (PDF; 1.4 MB) (No longer available online.) Müstair Monastery, December 2010, formerly in the original ; Retrieved May 15, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Anna-Maria Deplazes-Haefliger: Planta, Thomas. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Hansjürg Gredig: Planta, Johann von (Wildenberg). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Jürg Simonett: Planta, Ambrosius von (Wildenberg). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Jürg Simonett: Planta, Peter von (Wildenberg). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Jürg Simonett: Planta, Gaudenz von (Samedan). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Martin Bundi: Planta, Peter Conradin von (Zuoz). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
