Elections in Peru 2021

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In 2021 , the congressional elections took place in Peru on April 11th and the first round of the presidential election took place at the same time . The runoff election for the presidential election took place on June 6, 2021.

background

The elections took place in the shadow of the unrest that followed the ousting of President Martín Vizcarra . Rampant corruption, the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru and the severe economic crisis associated with the pandemic have led to massive uncertainty and dissatisfaction in the country. In addition, there is a highly fragmented and weak party system that makes it difficult to form a parliamentary majority.

General election

A total of 20 parties took part in the elections for the Congress . 25,287,954 citizens were entitled to vote, of whom only 17,713,716 (≈ 70%) voted, despite being compulsory to vote.

Distribution of seats in Congress
after the election on April 11, 2021
Congreso de Perú 2021.svg
Political party Seats
Perú Libre 37
Fuerza Popular 24
Acción Popular 16
Alianza para el Progreso 15th
Partido Morado 4th
Renovación Popular 13
Avanza País 7th
Juntos por el Perú 4th
Somos Peru 5
Podemos Perú 5
Source: Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE)

Constituencies

The 24 regions of Peru , the province of Lima , the province of Callao and the Peruvians living abroad were assigned to a total of eight constituencies, which do not form geographically contiguous areas, which are of very different sizes and in which accordingly different numbers of parliamentary seats were allocated.

Constituencies Seats
Lima Province 33
La Libertad and Piura regions 7th
Arequipa and Cajamarca regions 6th
Ancash , Cusco , Junín , Lambayeque and Puno regions 5
Callao Province , Lima , Ica , Loreto and San Martín Regions 4th
Ayacucho , Huánuco and Ucayali regions 3
Regions Amazon , Apurímac , Huancavelica , Moquegua , Pasco , Tacna and Tumbes as well as Peruvians abroad 2
Region Madre de Dios 1

Result of the general election

10 of the 20 participating parties overcame the electoral hurdle of 5% of the votes and entered Congress.

Presidential election

Candidates

A total of 22 candidates were accepted for election. With the exception of Verónika Mendoza from the left-green party alliance Juntos por el Perú and the left-wing populist candidate Pedro Castillo, most of the other promising candidates represented liberal-conservative to right-wing extremist positions.

Survey

First round

The outcome of the election was considered completely open. At first, the former soccer goalkeeper George Forsyth , who started with a center-right program, was considered promising, but then steadily lost approval. In surveys at the beginning of April, no candidate achieved more than 15% approval. The middle candidate Yonhy Lescano and the liberal Hernando de Soto , the left Verónika Mendoza , the ex-soccer player George Forsyth, the right-wing populist Keiko Fujimori , the daughter of the ex-President Alberto Fujimori , and the right-wing radical Rafael López Aliaga , were almost on par himself referred to as " Bolsonaro Perus". Ex-President Ollanta Humala was considered to have no chance. A large part of the electorate was undecided a week before the election.

Second round

In the first polls for the runoff election, Pedro Castillo was in some cases well ahead of Keiko Fujimori, but his lead in the polls shrank continuously so that the outcome of the runoff election was viewed as open.

In a survey conducted by the polling company Idice del Perú on May 28 and 29, 2021, 47.8% of those surveyed said they wanted to vote for Keiko Fujimori and 43.9% for Pedro Castillo. 6% of the respondents said they would like to abstain and 2% were undecided. The survey revealed major regional differences in preferences: Keiko Fujimori was ahead in the Lima area and in the other cities along the coast as well as in northern Peru, while Pedro Castillo was ahead in the center of the country and in the south - there with a large or very large lead (58, 7% to 31.5% in the center of the country and 65.6% to 27.8% in the south) - as well as in the east.

Result of the presidential election

First ballot

In the first round of the presidential election, Pedro Castillo (for the Marxist-Leninist party Perú Libre ) surprisingly got the most votes with 19.1%. In addition to Castillo, Keiko Fujimori , the daughter of the former autocratic President of Peru Alberto Fujimori , entered the runoff election with 13.4% of the vote.

Runoff

Presidential election 2021 - Second ballot
Castillo ( PL )
  
 50.13%
Fujimori ( FP )
  
 49.87%
Majorities by regions (left) and provinces (right)

Since no candidate was able to collect more than 50% of the votes, a runoff election on June 6, 2021 decided the winner of the two top-ranked candidates.

After counting all votes on June 15, 2021, according to the preliminary result, Castillo received 50.13%, Fujimori 49.87%. The official election result could only be announced after the recounts initiated by the national electoral court ( Jurado Nacional de Elecciones , JNE) had taken place. Its spokesman stated that this should be done by July 25, so that the country is not without a president on the 200th anniversary of its declaration of independence, July 28, 2021. On July 19, 2021, the Jurado Nacional de Elecciones finally declared Pedro Castillo the election winner. The fact that the Jurado Nacional de Elecciones took so long to review the election results was criticized by many Peruvians.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Patricio Nava: Peru's Problem Is Bigger Than Not Having a President , Americas Quarterly, November 16, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b Andreas Baumgart: Election victory of Andean populism , Peru information center, April 17, 2021.
  3. ↑ Elecciones 2021: conoce aquí las listas de candidatos al Congreso y Parlamento Andino , Andina, April 8, 2021.
  4. ↑ Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE): Participacion ciudadana , accessed on May 14, the 2,021th
  5. ↑ Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE): Resultados Generales por Organización Política , accessed on May 14, 2021.
  6. ↑ Establecen el número de escaños del Congreso de la República que corresponde a cada una de las circunscripciones electorales para las Elecciones Generales 2021 , El Peruano of October 25, 2020, accessed on May 14, 2021.
  7. ↑ Elecciones 2021: un total de 16 partidos políticos perderían su inscripción en el ROP. El Peruano , May 4, 2021 (there the paragraph Partidos que tendrán parlamentarios ).
  8. ↑ A record 22 candidates to square off in Peru's April presidential election . In: Reuters , December 23, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2021. 
  9. ↑ Christoph Gurk: George Forsyth. Profil , Süddeutsche Zeitung, April 7, 2021.
  10. ↑ Jonathan Castro: Simulación de votación con uso de cédula y ánfora: Elecciones Generales 2021 . April 4, 2021.
  11. ↑ Elecciones 2021: De Soto escala al segundo lugar en la recta final . April 4, 2021.
  12. ↑ Encuesta Presidencial, CIT - April 03, 2021 . April 3, 2021.
  13. ↑ Encuesta América-Ipsos: Pedro Castillo lidera las preferencias con 42% y Fujimori alcanza 31% , accessed on May 14, 2021.
  14. ↑ Peru Presidential Election Tightens in Poll After Deadly Attack , Bloomberg, May 28, 2021, accessed May 30, 2021.
  15. ↑ Keiko sobrepasó a Pedro Castillo por cuatro puntos . La Razón (Lima), May 30, 2021, accessed May 31, 2021.
  16. ↑ amerika21: votes in Peru counted: Castillo and Fujimori in the runoff election. April 17, 2021, accessed April 22, 2021 . c
  17. ↑ Presidential election in Peru - Left-wing candidate Castillo is ahead. In: Tagesschau. April 12, 2021, accessed April 12, 2021 .
  18. ↑ a b PRESENTACIÓN DE RESULTADOS SEGUNDA ELECCIÓN PRESIDENCIAL 2021 , ONPE (Peruvian National Electoral Commission, Spanish), June 15, 2021 (before the official final result is announced)
  19. ↑ Alexander Busch: Elections in Peru: On the Fear of Electing the Wrong Again , Neue Zürcher Zeitung of April 11, 2021, accessed on May 14, 2021.
  20. ↑ Vocero del JNE: Acta general de proclamacion presidencial estaria lista la semana próxima 13 July 2021st
  21. ↑ Brandon Tavara Salazar: Cuestionan demora del proceso de transferencia: “No se sabotea al señor Castillo, se sabotea al país” , La República , June 15, 2021.