Naarn (river)
The Naarn (from Slavic Nardina, diving, wading) is a stream and river system in the eastern Mühlviertel in Upper Austria , which drains an area of 380 km². The Naarn is a left tributary of the Danube .
Location, course and landscape
Places on the Naarn
Places along the Kleine Naarn are Liebenau , Unterweißbach and Schönau , on the Große Naarn Königswiesen and Pierbach . The Naarn, which has arisen from the Great and Small Naarn, flows through the Naarn Valley from Bad Zell , past Rechberg , Allerheiligen , Windhaag and Perg . In the lower reaches, the Naarn flows through the Machland and passes the town of the same name, Naarn . East of Mitterkirchen the Naarn flows into the Danube, while the Schwemmnaarn near Dornach in the municipality of Saxen is pumped into the Danube.
Natura 2000 area (FFH area), Mühlviertel Nature Park
On the stretch between Unterweißbach and Perg , the Naarn flows through the protected Natura 2000 area Waldaist-Naarn (fauna-flora-habitat area). Near-natural forests have been preserved there in often deep rocky gorges. Silicate rocks are essential elements that shape the landscape. It is a retreat for animals such as eagle owls and black storks . The river is home to otters , freshwater pearl mussels and crested newts. The small-scale cultural landscapes with meadow valleys are important for the light and dark blue ant and the green wedge damsel .
The Naarn flows through the Mühlviertel Nature Park in the area of the communities of Allerheiligen im Mühlkreis , Bad Zell and Rechberg .
Water network and source rivers
The catchment area of the Naarn is located in the northeast of Upper Austria in the Upper Austrian spatial units Machland , southern Mühlviertler peripheral locations , Aist-Naarn-Kuppenland as well as Freiwald and Weinsberger Wald . A small part of the catchment area extends over the border to Lower Austria. The Große (Naarn) has 24 tributaries and the catchment area extends over 380.4 square kilometers.
The river basin of the Große Naarn has 162.9 square kilometers and that of the Kleine Naarn 79.5 square kilometers. Of the tributaries of the (Große) Naarn, the Klambach, which flows into the Schwemmnaarn, has the largest catchment area with 97.4 square kilometers.
Other tributaries with noteworthy catchment areas are the Mettensdorfer Mühlbach with 53.7, the Klausbach with 48.7, the Tobrabach with 47.8, the Schwarzaubach (its right upper course) with 42.5, the Nussbach with 38.8, the Klammleitenbach ( her left upper course) with 36.6, the Käfermühlbach with 24.3, the Schurzmühlbach with 23.2 and the Arbingerbach with 10.0 square kilometers.
As Naarn is called the approximately 27-kilometer section of the river from the confluence of the Great and Little Naarn in stone Bruckmühle east of Bad Zell in the municipality of Pierbach downstream to the confluence with the Hüttinger old arm of the Danube in Mitterkirchen .
Originally, the confluence of the Naarn and the Danube was about eight kilometers downstream near Dornach, at the level of the Ardagger village on the opposite bank of the Danube . Since the Naarn regulation in the 1960s, only the original lower course of the Naarn, known as Schwemmnaarn , has flowed there.
First, the Naarn flows through a breakthrough valley for a length of around 13 kilometers to Perg with multiple changes between narrow gorge stretches with a steep gradient and flatter meandering areas, which is followed by a stretch of around 11 kilometers that is already in the Danube lowland and a very small one Has slope.
Notable tributaries to the Naarn are in the first part of the Auerbach from the municipality of Allerheiligen , the Hiesbach from the municipality of Rechberg and the Zellhoferbach from the municipality of Bad Zell .
The Große Naarn rises in the Tanner Moor southeast of Liebenau at an altitude of 930 m above sea level. A. In the upper reaches it is first called Rubenerbach, then Schwemmbach and Klammleitenbach and only bears its name from the confluence with the Schwarzaubach (Neuhausbach) near Königswiesen at an altitude of 570 m above sea level. A.
- The Klammleitenbach is also called Schwemmbach in the upper reaches and has its origin in the Rubner pond in the municipality of Liebenau at an altitude of 930 m above sea level. A. The pond is fed by a few small spring streams from the Tanner Moor . There are some diversion power plants along the stream (including one from Ebner Strom ). From the 18th century until the beginning of the Second World War, the brook was used for the flood of failure . In the Klammschlucht ( Klammleiten ), the Klammleitenbach flows partly above and partly below ground. The Klammleitenbach has only one tributary with the Hinterreiterbach (Leopoldsteinerbach).
- The Hinterreiterbach has its source in the municipality of Liebenau in the northwestern area of the Leopoldstein at an altitude of about 930 m above sea level. A. It drains a partial catchment area of the Klammleitenbach to an extent of 6.6 square kilometers.
- The Schwarzaubach rises at 940 m above sea level. A. northeast of the Kohlreuthberg in the municipality of Arbesbach in the state of Lower Austria. In its course it takes on the Kohlreutbach, the Buchenbergbach and the Weinbergbach (Dietrichsbach).
- The Buchenbergbach has its source in Altmelon ( Lower Austria ) northwest of the Dürnberg at 830 m above sea level. A. and flows west of the Wachtelhütte into the Schwarzaubach. The brook drains a partial catchment area of the Schwarzau brook to an extent of around 11.5 square kilometers.
- The Weinbergbach rises east of the village of Purrath in the municipality of Arbesbach (Lower Austria) at around 900 m above sea level. A. and flows into the Schwarzaubach at the border with Upper Austria . It drains a partial catchment area of the Schwarzaubach to an extent of around 6.8 square kilometers.
The Edlhoferbach, Kronaubach, Leitnerbach, Naglbach, Nussbach , Stöckellehnerbach, Wimmerbach and Zeitlhoferbach flow into the Große Naarn until they merge with the Kleine Naarn.
- The Nussbach rises at 840 m above sea level. A. northeast of the Klausteich, forms the border between Upper and Lower Austria for the first three kilometers, flows through the Klausteich and has the Eibeckerbach as a tributary.
The Kleine Naarn rises south of Liebenstein in the municipality of Liebenau at an altitude of about 958 m above sea level. A. and has the Schönauerbach, the Stöcklbach and the Höllenbach (Hollerbach) as tributaries.
The Schwemmnaarn (former Naarnunterlauf) is a diversion from the Naarn between the village of Labing in the municipality of Mitterkirchen and the Hüttinger Altarm. It then takes up the Mettensdorfer Mühlbach , the Gassoldingerbach (Steindlbach), the Klambach and the Saxenerbach and is pumped into the Danube via a polder pumping station .
- The Mettensdorfer Mühlbach arises southeast of the village of Kühhofen in the municipality of Mitterkirchen in Machland from the confluence of the Tobrabach and the Arbingerbach . The confluence with the Schwemmnaarn is located southwest of the village of Pitzing in the municipality of Baumgartenberg .
- The Tobrabach rises at the Kloiber farm in the municipality of Windhaag near Perg and is initially called Modlerbach and subsequently Kropfmühlbach. South of the location Tobra a portion of the water in the artificial Tobrakanal discharged and the Naarn supplied. The Tobrabach changes direction about a kilometer south of the village of Tobra and then flows eastwards, where it crosses both the Arbingerbach and the Deimingerbach before the confluence with the Arbingerbach and the confluence with the Mettensdorfer Mühlbach.
- The Gassoldingerbach rises in the Föhrenwald at an altitude of 370 m above sea level. A. north of the village of Amesbach in the municipality of Baumgartenberg .
- The Klambach is created by the confluence of Klausbach and Kefermühlbach west of the village of Oberkalmberg in the municipality of Bad Kreuzen, flows through the Klamer basin and flows east of Saxendorf in the municipality of Saxen into the Schwemmnaarn. Between Klam and Baumgartenberg or Saxen the Klambach flows through the Klamschlucht .
- The Klausbach is called Senfmühlbach in the middle course or Willersdorferbach in the upper course and rises at about 600 m above sea level. A. in the municipality of St. Thomas am bladder stone . The only major inflow is that at an altitude of 670 m above sea level. A. Schurzmühlbach, which rises and flows into the Silent Valley in the municipality of Bad Kreuzen, which is also called Forstbach in the upper reaches.
- The Kefermühlbach rises south-east of the Reitererberg in the municipality of St. Thomas am Blasenstein at an altitude of 650 m above sea level. A.
etymology
From old documents, such as the Wilhelminian deed of donation (Grenzgraf Wilhelm), it emerges that the name “Naarn” is derived from a Slavic river name . The Mühlviertel, like many other parts of Europe, were then settled by Slavic peoples . The river first appeared in a deed of donation as "Nardina" in 853 . The prefix “nar-” or “nor-” meant “to dive”. "Nard-" means "to wade". It is possible that the nard's beard grass, a valerian plant from whose fragrant roots the nard ointment and nard oil was obtained, gave its name ( real medicinal valerian ). The name Nardina (Naarn; perhaps named after the tribe of the Narists ) also exists in Latin.
Economic use
There are some fishing grounds along the Naarn and its tributaries. In addition to operating mills and saws, water power was used in spring from the 18th to the 20th century as part of the annual flood of failure for the transport of wood. Electricity has been generated since the beginning of the 20th century (including Linz AG , Elektrizitätswerk Perg , Poschacher and Ebner Strom).
literature
- Florian Eibensteiner and Konrad Eibensteiner: The home book of Perg, Upper Austria , self-published, Linz 1933.
- Rudolf Zach: Perg in the mirror of history , in: Stadtgemeinde Perg (editor): Perg, Festschrift on the occasion of the city survey in 1969, Linz 1969.
- Klaus Berg, Clemens Gumpinger, Simonetta Siligato: Defense register of the Naarn and its tributaries. Water protection report 42nd Office of the Upper Austrian Provincial Government, Environment and Water Management Directorate, Surface Water Management Department, Linz 2009, 187 pages ( PDF; 2.8 MB on land-oberoesterreich.gv.at).
- Franz Asanger: Mitterkirchen - A historical portrait of the Machlandgemeinde , market community Mitterkirchen im Machland (ed.), Linz 1999, several essays (p. 25f - Die Naarn, p. 63f - Der Wasenberg with connection to Naarn, p. 77 picture Naarndurchstich at Labing, etc.).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Digital Upper Austrian Room Information System (DORIS)
- ↑ BMLFUW (Hrsg.): Area directory of the river areas: Danube area from the Enns to the Leitha. In: Contributions to Austria's Hydrography Issue 62, Vienna 2014, p. 13 ( PDF download , accessed on July 8, 2018).
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2011. 119th Volume. Vienna 2013, p. OG 135, PDF (12.9 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (Yearbook 2011)
- ↑ Florian Eibensteiner, Konrad Eibensteiner: Das Heimatbuch von Perg, Upper Austria . Self-published, Linz 1933, p. 103
- ^ Rudolf Zach: Perg in the mirror of history . In: Stadtgemeinde Perg (editor): Perg , Festschrift on the occasion of the city survey 1969, Linz 1969, p. 88 f