Wielopole Skrzyńskie

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Wielopole Skrzyńskie
Wielopole Skrzyńskie does not have a coat of arms
Wielopole Skrzyńskie (Poland)
Wielopole Skrzyńskie
Wielopole Skrzyńskie
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Subcarpathian
Powiat : Ropczycko-Sędziszowski
Gmina : Wielopole Skrzyńskie
Geographic location : 49 ° 57 '  N , 21 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 56 '48 "  N , 21 ° 36' 52"  E
Residents : 2113 (2011)
Postal code : 39-110
Telephone code : (+48) 17
License plate : RRS



Wielopole Skrzyńskie is a former town (until 1933), now a village with a Schulzenamt , as well as the seat of the homonymous municipality in the powiat Ropczycko-Sędziszowski of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship in Poland .

geography

The place is located in the Strzyżów Mountains . The neighboring towns are Glinik in the northwest, Szkodna in the northeast, Nawsie in the east, Szufnarowa in the south, and Brzeziny in the west.

history

The oldest settlement in the hilly, wooded area of Strzyżów Mountains between the Wisłoka -Tal the west and the Wisłok -Tal the east (from the 13th century, the border with Red Ruthenia ), the Sandomirer basin in the north and the Sanok plains in the south was Kunice, which according to some historians could have been founded as early as the second half of the 10th century. Kunice became the seat or namesake of the goods, which in 1237 with the vicinity of Opatów were given by the Polish Princeps Heinrich the Bearded to the diocese of Lebus , which at that time had also received the function of the missionary diocese for Ruthenia. After it was devastated by the Galician and Lodomian princes in 1266, the Krakow Duke Leszek the Black granted once again the area in Kunitz cum districto suo, melificiis et magna silva [great forest], que habet limites suos in Glinik , Brenstkow , in 1288 Zagortzitz , Werdenzano , Czudze , Dobrzegow , Tilkowitz , Kosegow, Klytze . This was followed by the development of the country and colonization under German law, because the town of Wielopole and Fürstenberg was founded as early as [around] 1328 and [before] 1337. The name Wielopole is topographical and means wiele (wielkie) pole (large field). The adjective Skrzyńskie (from the noble Skrzyński family , the local owners in the 19th century) was added only in the interwar period, when the place lost its town charter.

The first mention of oppido Wielopole comes from 1337, which is from a later copy of the interpellation of the Krakow bishop Jan Grot . The name Fürstenberg was first mentioned in a document on May 11, 1348, as an oppidum , while Wielopole perhaps became a suburb (?). It was sometimes identified as today's Frysztak or Strzyżów , because sources do not clearly identify the two place names. However, the strongest arguments speak in favor of Wielopole. Both names were used alternately until the early 15th century, especially in the dispute between the diocese of Lebus (which then lost ownership) and the lords of Staszów in 1398 ( pro civitate Velepole et medietate Cunicze ) and 1407. In the Lubusz pen register from the year 1405 Wyelgopole was described as a village with 87 Hufen and 109 farmers, 3/4 with names of German origin. According to Feliks Kiryk, this document described Wyelgopole as a village and not a city, because in reality it describes the situation not in the early 15th, but in the early 14th century.

German farmers were also settled in the Kunice estates. In the above-mentioned manuscript of the Lubusz diocese there was an indication of the settlement of approx. 100 mostly German families, including settlers from Silesia who were exempt from taxes and labor in the villages of Kunycze alias Kamyenecz and Wyelgopole in the area of ​​the Opatów monastery. In contrast to two forest German language islands around Łańcut and Krosno , however, there are no records about the persistence of the German language around Wielopole Skrzyńskie until modern times, which was apparently soon superseded by the Polish language. This settlement never aroused as much curiosity among researchers as the forest Germans around Łańcut. The manuscript was researched in 1928 by the German folklorist Walter Kuhn , who believed that the families had probably settled in the present-day villages of Kamienica (Górna?), Siedliska-Bogusz or Gorzejowa, as well as in Brzeziny and Nawsie.

Wielopole belonged to the aristocratic republic of Poland-Lithuania , Sandomir Voivodeship , Pilzno District . The importance of the town in the 15th century on the trade route from Sandomierz through Ropczyce to Hungary is borne out by the classification of local guilds in a vote between the most important towns in the Subcarpathian region of that time. In the second half of the 16th century the town was expanded by Kacper Maciejowski, who built a renaissance castle. The first mention of the presence of Jews in Wielopole comes from 1641. A major crisis in the development of the city came in the 17th century ( Swedish Flood , attack by George II Rákóczi ).

In 1765 the Jewish community had 309 members, including 151 in Wielopole.

Wielopole around 1910

When Poland was first partitioned , Wielopole Skrzyńskie became part of the new Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Habsburg Empire in 1772 (from 1804). After the abolition of patrimonial it formed a parish in the Ropczyce District . In 1900 the Mark Wielopole had an area of ​​122 hectares, with 136 houses and 945 inhabitants, of whom all residents were Polish-speaking, the 535 Jews made up the majority of the residents, 407 Roman Catholics were in the minority.

After the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy , Wielopole Skrzyńskie came to Poland in 1918. This was only interrupted by the German occupation of Poland in World War II . From 1975 to 1998 Wielopole Skrzyńskie belonged to the Rzeszów Voivodeship .

In 1955 the local cinema burned, the number of victims was 58, including 38 children.

Personalities

  • Tadeusz Kantor (1915–1990), theater director, painter, stage designer and art theorist.
  • Marcin Daniec (* 1957), satirist;

literature

  • Klaudiusz Święcicki: Wielopole Skrzyńskie i Galicja w “Kliszach Pamięci” Tadeusza Kantora . Poznań 2016, ISBN 978-83-63047-94-8 (Polish, online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wielopole Skrzyńskie i Galicja ..., 2016, p. 73.
  2. ↑ a b History of the place on the sztetl.org.pl site
  3. ↑ Maria Dobrowolska: Procesy osadnicze w dorzeczu Wisłoki i Białej Dunajcowej w Tysiącleciu . 1985, ISSN  0239-6025 , p. 91 (Polish, online ).
  4. ↑ Joanna Malczewska: Miasta w dolnym biegu Wisłoki w Województwie Sandomierskim o średniowiecznych pochodzeniu do połowy XVII wieku . Kraków-Rzeszów 2017, ISBN 978-83-65752-03-1 (Polish).
  5. ↑ Feliks Kiryk: Miasta małopolskie w średniowieczu i czasach nowożytnych . AVALON, Kraków 2013, ISBN 978-83-7730-303-0 , p. 41 (Polish, online [PDF]).
  6. ↑ Wielopole Skrzyńskie i Galicja ..., 2016, p. 74.
  7. ↑ The year 1488 is a mistake, see [1]
  8. ↑ F. Kiryk, 2013, p. 33.
  9. ↑ W. Blajer: Uwagi ..., pp. 85-87.
  10. ^ Walther Kuhn: German settlements near Brzostek . In: Historical Society (Ed.): German Scientific Journal for Poland . No. 13, 1928, pp. 58-65. Retrieved March 4, 20129.
  11. ↑ Ludwig Patryn (Ed.): Community encyclopedia of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Reichsrat, edited on the basis of the results of the census of December 31, 1900, XII. Galicia . Vienna 1907 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Wielopole Skrzyńskie  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files