Wilhelm Friedrich Goez

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Signature of Wilhelm Friedrich Goez on February 8, 1788

Wilhelm Friedrich Goez (* December 8, 1737 ; † 1803 ) was a German Protestant church council builder in Ludwigsburg . In Württemberg he built so-called chorus-less preaching hall churches , which allowed worship, communion and baptism to be held in the then exemplary manner. Goez also built rectories and the associated farm buildings.

family

Wilhelm Friedrich Goez lived from 1737 to 1803. He married in Ludwigsburg on July 29, 1766 Wilh. Beate Wölflin and had five sons and two daughters with her. In 1788 he was a widower with three young children. In 1791 he married again. With a decree of June 22, 1765 Goez was appointed church council builder. His father, foreman Joh. Wilhelm Goez (1704–1788), was general mill inspector for 54 years.

The second son of Wilhelm Friedrich Goez was Carl Friedrich Goez, born in 1769. From 1783 he was a theology student in Blaubeuren and Bebenhausen , then from 1788 a law student in Stuttgart, where he graduated from the Hohen Karlsschule in 1792 . Later he was President of the Ellwangen Court.

The second youngest son was Christian Friedrich Goez, born in 1779. He was an orphanage carer and in 1803 applied for a position in the State Ministry. Later he was senior tax advisor.

Life

Presumably Wilhelm Friedrich Goez learned the trade of carpenter . He then began his apprenticeship at the age of 13. After the apprenticeship and the journeyman's examination, a carpenter set off on a journey . The title of master implied the preparation of a masterpiece. In order to achieve the title of master builder , however, attendance at a building trade school (today a technical college) was mandatory.

The churches, parsonages, parish chests, etc. built by Wilhelm Friedrich Goez in Württemberg bear witness to his many years of successful work as a master builder for his Protestant church and for his sovereign, who awarded him the title of church council builder in 1765.

Through his father, Goez probably had early contact with mills, including sawmills for the beams and boards of his buildings. It is possible that Goez used round oak columns as gallery supports and tower support columns in all of his churches. At that time, the manufacture of such columns (up to 4 meters in length) was only conceivable with lathes that were driven by a mill wheel . Goez calls these elements "Frey pillars", that is pillars that carry heavy loads when free-standing. They can be found unchanged in many of his churches.

The evangelical preaching hall church in Württemberg around 1780

Typical preaching hall church: Bernbach 1782 - floor plan by church council builder Goez

The churches planned and built by the church council builder Goez are so-called chorus-less preaching hall churches, as they were considered exemplary for Protestant services at the time . In these churches, no choir room is deliberately designed for the practice of the sacraments. A separation of spiritual and secular space is no longer necessary after the Reformation. The choirless church thus becomes a mostly rectangular sermon hall with extensive galleries . At that time women and men sit separately during worship, women downstairs in the church, men upstairs in the galleries. The central aisle below in the church leads directly to the baptismal font and behind it to the free-standing altar table, above which the pulpit is usually arranged. So it is possible for the women below and for the men in the galleries to experience church services, but also baptisms, confirmations and weddings together.

At the end of the 18th century, the preached word was the focus of Protestant worship. A word worship service of this kind includes, above all, a detailed and haunting interpretation of a Bible text in the language customary at the time. This requires a pulpit , which is the central point of the church space. Particularly between the galleries (the upstairs church) and the pulpit (sermon chair) acoustically and visually good connection must be ensured. The prerequisite for this is to mount the pulpit with the pulpit cover at gallery height, which, however, disadvantages contact with the listeners down in the church in some rows of pews. In quite a few churches, access to the pulpit is only possible from the sacristy via stairs.

The altar is in a way subordinate to the late 18th century the pulpit, because the pre-Reformation church fair to become word-worship. At the Lord's Supper, bread and wine are not changed into the body of Christ, but bread and wine are signs of the forgiveness of sins through Christ. In addition, the former high altar (sacrificial altar) with pictorial representations has now become a free-standing altar table (Lord's table), where the believers receive bread and wine as a symbol of the redeeming Christ. The pre-Reformation priest had his gaze to the east towards the high altar, but the Protestant pastor, standing in front of or behind the altar table, is now facing the congregation in the church.

During the pre-Reformation baptism, the child to be baptized into God was bestowed on the person to be baptized through full-body baptism in the baptismal font. In the Protestant baptism he experiences the love of the Triune God in front of the congregation on the baptismal font through running water that the pastor draws from the baptismal bowl.

Sermon-hall churches are historically significant and worth preserving monuments from the 18th century.

Already at the beginning of the 19th century the preaching hall church was criticized for its focus on the sermon, and efforts were made to give the altar a more prominent position as the place of the sacraments. Efforts have been made since the end of the 19th century to design the church interior in such a way that it can be used for many forms of community life.

Church council builder Goez's preaching hall churches

For the 14 previously known evangelical preaching hall churches planned and built by Goez, he each made several true-to-scale, colored cracks (drawings) and the handwritten so-called rollover (description of the craftsman's work with details of costs), in which the work of bricklayers, stone masons, carpenters, and joiner , Blacksmith, locksmith, glazier and the carters are described in detail in the technology and language of the time. He always adapted his churches to the respective, mostly rural places that z. For example, due to modest financial resources, a rapidly growing community, deadlines after a church fire or the dilapidation of the existing building, a suitable approach was required. That is why he often directed and supervised the construction work himself. After a church was finished, Goez created the so-called building consignment, in which the actual craftsman's work was compared with the work mentioned in the rollover, combined with the final accounting of the craftsmen.

The preaching hall church can hardly be found today without changes. The sacraments donated to the altar and baptismal font have a different appreciation for the sermon today than was the case in the sober objectivity of the preaching hall church at the end of the 18th century.

In the following brief descriptions of the churches in the order in which they were built, only the state that Goez created is described. The altar given by Goez in drawings is designed as a stone block and is provided with railing-like barriers (balustrades) on the side facing the community. From there, the pastor performs reading, prayer and communion for the congregation. The altar side of all churches is in the east (exception Bernbach). The pulpit is at the height of the gallery in all churches. All churches have a central aisle. The galleries are usually supported by round "Frey columns". Goez has equipped some churches in the altar area with special benches for the church convent. The approximate church dimensions (outside) are given without the tower and sacristy .

Church roof

Reconstruction of the church in Dachtel including the upper part of the side tower in 1767 after fire - first church built by Heinrich Schickhardt in 1599/1601 . 3/8 degree in the east. Church dimensions 20.7 × 11.4 meters. Altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Pulpit on the east south wall with visible stairs. Sacristy on the south wall in the tower basement. Galleries in the west, north and east.

Kohlberg am Jusi church

New church in Kohlberg (Württemberg) 1768. Rectangular church. Church dimensions 18.7 × 12.6 meters. Altart and font in the church axis. Outside sacristy on the north side with stairs to the pulpit near the altar. Organ gallery in the east, further galleries probably in the south, west and north. Rectangular roof tower in the west with bells and clock, supported by 2 tower columns.

Martinskirche Wildberg, sermon hall from 1772, view from the altar

Martinskirche Wildberg

Renovation and enlargement in 1772 of the dilapidated, three-aisled nave as a rectangular sermon hall in Wildberg (Black Forest) , attached to the choir from 1467 and the side tower, which has been modified several times. Dimensions of the sermon hall 27.8 × 15.4 meters. Pulpit with visible stairs on the east wall. Galleries in the south, north and west as well as in the choir as an organ gallery. In 1773 the sacristy was added to the north side of the choir.

Peter and Paul Church Heimerdingen before 1964

Altensteig town church

New church building including east tower in Altensteig 1775. Tower attached to the east side without windows in the middle. Church dimensions 29.4 × 16.9 meters. Pulpit, altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Sacristy rooms in the tower area with access to the pulpit. In the west the organ gallery. In the south and north there are partly two galleries, one above the other, reaching to the pulpit. West end of the church with sloping corner walls. [See web link]

Peter and Paul Church Heimerdingen

New church building including the tower of the Peter and Paul Church in Heimerdingen in 1777 after Brand. Rectangular church, tower built onto the east side without windows. Church dimensions 23.1 × 13.0 meters. Pulpit, altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Sacristy down in the tower. Visible stairs to the pulpit. Galleries in the south, west and north.

Peterskirche Steinheim am Albuch

Demolition of a church and construction of a new church in Steinheim a. A. 1780, adjoining the existing west tower. 3/8 degree in the east. Church dimensions 25.2 × 11.5 meters. Altar and baptismal font in the church axis, pulpit on south wall. Galleries in the west, north and east. The east gallery partially covers the altar table. Outside sacristy on the south side with stairs to the pulpit. Grave of the pastor from Steinheim and hymn poet Philipp Friedrich Hiller (1699–1769) inside the church.

Goettelfingen Church

New church in Göttelfingen (Seewald) in 1780 after a fire in the village and the previous church. Church rectangular. Church dimensions 17.2 × 10.9 meters. Pulpit, altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Internal sacristy in the corner of the east wall / south wall with stairs to the pulpit. Galleries in the south, west and north. Rectangular ridge turret in the center of the church roof with bells and clock.

Zang Church near Königsbronn

Goez'sche "Frey columns" in Grünwettersbach

New church in Zang 1781 with a 3/8 degree in the east. Church dimensions 17.2 × 11.2 meters. Pulpit, altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Visible stairs to the pulpit. Sacristy outside on the east side. Galleries in the south, west and north. Rectangular roof tower in the west with bells and clock, supported by 2 tower columns.

Grünwettersbach Church

Renewal of the dilapidated church ( St. Lucia ) in Grünwettersbach in 1782 next to the historic west tower. 3/8 degree in the east. Church dimensions 23.8 × 16.3 meters. Altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Internal sacristy on the south side with stairs to the pulpit. Galleries in the west and north.

Bernbach Church

Church extension in Bernbach in 1782 on the altar side to the north with a semicircular end. Church dimensions 17.2 × 8.9 meters. Pulpit, altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Sacristy outside on the north side with stairs to the pulpit. South pore. Octagonal roof tower in the south with bells and clock, supported by 2 tower support columns.

Georgskirche Grömbach

Martinskirche Wittendorf 1786

Demolition of the dilapidated church and a new building in 1783 of an enlarged church in Grömbach including redesign of the upper part of the side tower. 3/8 degree in the east. Church dimensions 27.6 × 16.8 meters. Pulpit, altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Sacristy outside on the east side with stairs to the pulpit. Galleries in the west as well as in the south and north each reaching to the pulpit.

Baptist Johannes Church Warmbronn

Demolition of a dilapidated church and new construction of an enlarged church in Warmbronn in 1784. 3/8 degree in the east. Church dimensions 20.6 × 12.0 meters. Altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Pulpit on the south wall with visible stairs. Internal sacristy on the south side. Galleries in the west and north as well as small galleries in the east for the organ. Rectangular roof tower in the west with bells and clock, supported by 2 tower columns.

Johanneskirche Rutesheim before 1956

Martinskirche Wittendorf

New church building including the upper part of the tower in Wittendorf in 1786 after Brand. Rectangular church, tower on the east side without windows. Church dimensions 17.8 × 10.9 meters. Altar and baptismal font in the church axis. Outside sacristy on the south side with stairs to the pulpit. Galleries in the north and west, small galleries in the east.

Johanneskirche Rutesheim

Church extension in Rutesheim in 1789 to the west and south, including the existing choir and south tower. This jumps into the church interior at the southeast corner. The choir becomes a sacristy below and a gallery above. Church dimensions 29.5 × 12.9 meters. Pulpit, altar and baptismal font in the church axis, with the pulpit attached to the tower corner. Visible stairs to the pulpit. Galleries all around.

Churches that Goez planned, but not built

For the following preaching hall churches, Goez only made drawings (cracks) as well as building descriptions and cost lists (estimate).

Ottenhausen

Planning around 1781: demolition, tower repair and new construction of the Nikolauskirche in Ottenhausen with the church dimensions 17.5 × 12.3 meters.

The church was only built as a preaching hall church in 1790 according to plans by Johann Adam Groß the Younger with a new tower.

1794: Planned extension of the Vincenz Church in Schwenningen am Neckar.

Mötzingen

Planning 1789: Partial demolition, partly new building with a rectangular roof tower of the Mauritius Church in Mötzingen with the church dimensions 23.2 × 11.7 meters.

The church was demolished in 1792 by Johann Adam Gross the Younger and built in a slightly different location than a transverse hall church with a rectangular roof tower .

Monakam near Bad Liebenzell

Planning 1791: Demolition of the dilapidated chapel in Monakam, which is at least 400 years old, and a new church as a hall church with a rectangular roof tower with the church dimensions approx. 18 x approx. 11 meters.

The church was only built in 1802/1803 according to the plans of 1791 by Wilhelm Friedrich Goez by master builder Glaser and lengthened around 1900 on the choir side.

Schwenningen am Neckar

Planning 1794: Demolition of the choir and a generous extension of the Vincenz Church in Schwenningen with the church dimensions 37.3 × 13.3 meters.

It was not until 1838 that the church was enlarged in a completely different way (adding a transept ) to become today's town church.

Churches that Goez redesigned

Goeppingen

1772: Renewal of the pulpit and gallery of the town church of Göppingen (outside church dimensions 39.5 × 21.7 meters). The interior of the church was redesigned from a transverse church (built in 1619 by Heinrich Schickhardt ) to a preaching hall church without a choir : the pulpit was moved from the south-eastern long side to the north-eastern narrow side. The resulting longitudinal orientation of the church with a raised pulpit and a free-standing altar in front of it required a new gallery and appropriately adapted chairs in the nave.

Rectory houses, stables, tithe barns, etc.

Rectory Gutenberg 1784
Zehnt- und Pfarrscheuer Oberlenningen 1784

Goez mostly rebuilt buildings of this type, and in some cases extended or rebuilt them. Here, too, it is important to him to design his buildings according to the needs and purpose of the time and to use the available resources sensibly. In the following, some known places are named in alphabetical order with the construction work carried out.

  • Alpirsbach, 1786: Construction of an extension to a monastery building.
  • Döffingen, 1779: Construction of a new tithe barn.
  • Eltingen, 1773: construction of a new rectory, relocation of the stables.
  • Validlingen, 1774: a new parish barn was built.
  • Validstein, 1770: Repair and expansion of the parish cellar.
  • Gutenberg , 1784: New building of the rectory.
  • Hohenmemmingen, 1778: New construction of the parish barn and cattle stables.
  • Kornwestheim , 1771: New parsonage, barn, washing and baking house. Built for Philipp Matthäus Hahn : pastor, astronomer, engineer and entrepreneur.
  • Magstadt, 1780: the tithe barn was demolished and rebuilt.
  • Markgröningen , 1791: New building of the diaconate house.
  • Mundelsheim, 1777: New construction of the deaconate barn and stables.
  • Oberlenningen , 1784: New construction of a tithe and parish barn.
  • Rutesheim , 1769: New building of the rectory.
  • Siglingen , 1785: Extension of the rectory.
  • Stetten im Remstal, 1790: plans of the parish building and the barn.

literature

  • Wolfgang Irtenkauf : Rutesheim Heimatbuch . Rutesheim 1970, pp. 220-233.
  • Ev. Grünwettersbach parish : Inauguration of the Grünwettersbach parish hall . 1974.
  • Herbert Hoffmann: Time leaps in Ditzingen . Ditzingen 2012, Heimerdingen pp. 68-71, ISBN 978-3-95400-043-2 .
  • Helmut Immendörfer: 200 years of the Peter and Paul Church in Heimerdingen 1777-1977 (= Heimerdinger special issue. 5). Heimerdingen 1977.
  • Friedrich Kühbauch: From the history of Altensteig and its districts . 1987, pp. 127-142, ISBN 3-921546-24-9 .
  • G. Löffler, H. Löffler: Evangelical Church Grünwettersbach. 1986.
  • Eberhard Mannschreck: The Bernbacher Church, history in text and picture . 2015, ISBN 978-3-7323-4779-7 .
  • Eberhard Mannschreck: Bernbach - serious, cheerful, unknown, unbelievable from 250 years of history. 2018, ISBN 978-3-7469-2853-1 , pp. 33, 42–44, 46–48, 50.
  • Johannes Taut: The Peterskirche in Steinheim am Albuch . 1977.
  • Aidlingen municipality: Aidlingen, Lehenweiler, Dachtel and Deufringen . 1999, Dachtel pp. 287-312, ISBN 3-00-004521-X .
  • F. Gräter, Dr. R. Janssen, R. Wagner: 1792-1992 Evangelical Mauritius Church in Mötzingen. Mötzingen 1992.
  • Hans Schwenkel : Heimatbuch des Kreis Nürtingen, vol. 2 . Würzburg 1993, pp. 539-555.
  • Evang. Parish Mötzingen: 1792 - 1992 Evangelical Mauritius Church in Mötzingen . 1992.
  • Johannes Klaß: Wildberger Chronik . Verlag Biesinger Neuenbürg 1987, pp. 152-163.
  • GA Schumacher: Description of Göttelfingen with its branches (reprint: text and pictures from 1821) . Horb 1986.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek: Württembergische Familienstiftungen, 12th Foundation, margin number § 82, signature Zn 2100 or Zn 2101.
  2. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart, reference library: New Württembergisches Dienerbuch, Vol. 1, Stuttgart 1957, § 2128, signature Ben. Ud 6-1.
  3. ^ Main State Archive Stuttgart: Signature A 272 Bü 326 (Carl Goez).
  4. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 205 a Bü 6 ( Christian Goez ).
  5. ^ Gunther Seibold: Altar table: place of the Lord's Supper. Retrieved April 25, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek: Nachlass Adolf Schahl, signature Cod. Hist. Qt .757 : The Preaching Hall Church in Württemberg
  7. ^ Reinhard Lambert Auer: Protestant spatial programs in Württemberg . In: State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in the Stuttgart Regional Council (ed.): Cultural monuments of the Reformation in the German southwest . Esslingen 2017, p. 65-85 .
  8. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 213 Bü 3579 and N 220 A 1 02, Fig. 6 (Dachtel).
  9. ^ Andreas Schmauder: Kohlberg - past and present . Ed .: Municipality of Kohlberg. 1993, p. 88, 100, 187 .
  10. ^ Community Kohlberg: Kohlberg - village between mountain and valley. Half a century in pictures . Geiger-Verlag, Horb 1984, p. 10.11.29 .
  11. ↑ State Church Archives Stuttgart: Signature Pfa Wildberg No. 143 and 340 (Wildberg).
  12. ↑ Helmut Immendörfer: 200 years of the Peter and Paul Church in Heimerdingen 1777-1977 (= Heimerdinger special edition 5). Heimerdingen 1977.
  13. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 495 L Bü 21 (Steinheim am Albuch).
  14. ↑ Johannes Taut: The Peterskirche in Steinheim am Albuch . 1977.
  15. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 288 Bü 4148 and A 284 Bü 92 (Göttelfingen).
  16. ↑ State Archives Sigmaringen: Signature Wü 125/8 T 1 No. 151a (Gottelfingen)..
  17. ^ Archives of the Ev. Verbundgemeinde Seewald in Besenfeld (Göttelfingen).
  18. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 495 L Bü 23 (Zang near Königsbronn).
  19. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 284/39 Bü 223 (Grünwettersbach).
  20. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 489 L Bü 94, A 288 Bü 2631 (Bernbach).
  21. ↑ Harald Müller-Baur: History of the parish Grömbach . Ed .: Grömbach / Wörnersberg. 2001.
  22. ↑ Ev. Parish Warmbronn: Two hundred years of the Baptist Johannes Church in Warmbronn . Warmbronn 1984.
  23. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 470 L Bü 129 (Wittendorf).
  24. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 288 Bü 3447 and 3463 (Rutesheim).
  25. ^ Oswald Pfrommer: From the church registers - Anno 1789: Church and church tower renovation and new building ; in: 200 years Nikolauskirche Ottenhausen 1790–1990 ; Ed. Ev. Kirchengemeinde Ottenhausen, pp. 16–23 - available for viewing see [1] , last accessed on July 28, 2020
  26. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 288 Bü 2922 (Mötzingen).
  27. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 371 b L Bü 34 (Monakam).
  28. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 412 L Bü 8 (Schwenningen am Neckar).
  29. ↑ Hans Christ and Hans Klaiber: The art and ancient monuments in Württemberg . In: Donaukreis . tape 2 . Paul Neff Verlag (Max Schreiber), Eßlingen aN 1924, p. 17-24 .
  30. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 470 L Bü 179 (Alpirsbach).
  31. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 536 L Bü 13 (Döffingen).
  32. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 369 L Bü 19 (Eltingen).
  33. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 485 L Bü 2 (Validlingen).
  34. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 485 L Bü 1 (giltstein).
  35. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 365 L Bü 25 (Gutenberg).
  36. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 353 L Bü 193 (Hohenmemmingen).
  37. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature N 200 No. 164 (Kornwestheim).
  38. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 536 L Bü 14 (Magstadt).
  39. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature N 200 No. 165 (Markgröningen).
  40. ^ State archive Ludwigsburg: Signature GL 105 Bd 126 (Mundelsheim).
  41. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 365 L Bü 26 (Oberlenningen).
  42. ↑ Wolfgang Irtenkauf: Rutesheim Heimatbuch, 1970, page 232 (Rutesheim).
  43. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: Signature A 504 L Bü 28 (Siglingen).
  44. ^ State archive Ludwigsburg: Signature GL 155 Bü 218, 219, 221 (Stetten).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Goez, Wilhelm Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant church council builder in Ludwigsburg
DATE OF BIRTH December 8, 1737
DATE OF DEATH 1803