Yarralumla

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Yarralumla
State : AustraliaAustralia Australia
State : Flag of the Australian Capital Territory, svg Australian Capital Territory
Founded : 1922
Coordinates : 35 ° 18 ′  S , 149 ° 6 ′  E Coordinates: 35 ° 18 ′  S , 149 ° 6 ′  E
Area : 8.3  km²
Residents : 2,890 (2016)
Population density : 348 inhabitants per km²
Time zone : AEST (UTC + 10)
Postal code : 2600
LGA : South Canberra
Yarralumla (Capital Territory)
Yarralumla
Yarralumla

Yarralumla is a district of Canberra , the capital of Australia . It is located about 3.5 km southwest of downtown on the south shore of Lake Burley Griffin .

The first European settlers arrived here in 1828. From 1834 the area after the designation was Ngunnawal - Aborigines officially named Yarralumla. Fredrick Campbell built a large home on his property in 1891, which is now used as Government House , the official residence of the Governor General of Australia . The suburb was officially founded in 1928 and today has around 3,000 residents and numerous diplomatic missions . In recent years it has become one of the most desirable and expensive districts of Canberra due to its green streets, the attractive proximity to the lake and the central location.

geography

Yarralumla is located in the central borough of South Canberra and is bordered to the north by Lake Burley Griffin , to the east by Commonwealth Avenue and Capital Hill , to the south by Adelaide Avenue and Cotter Road, and to the west by Scrivener Dam and part of Molonglo River .

Although Yarralumla is one of the largest districts of Canberra in terms of area, the population is relatively small, as more than half of the area consists of open land and uninhabited buildings. The open spaces, Weston and Stirling parks, Royal Canberra Golf Club, Government House grounds, proximity to the City and Lake Burley Griffin are the main reasons for its popularity.

Map of Yarralumla, south of Lake Burley Griffin

The embassy site of Yarralumla is at the eastern end of the district near Stirling Park. It is the most hilly area and was developed as one of the youngest parts; the Parliament House and the Parliamentary Triangle are nearby.

The streets in Yarralumla are named after Australian governors and botanists. Most of the older streets in the suburb are laid out at right angles, while the hilly eastern part, including the embassy district, has been designed with organic outlines. Main streets include Banks Street, Novar Street and Hopetoun Circuit in a north-south direction and Schlich Street, Loftus Street and Weston Street in an east-west direction. There are no major thoroughfares in the satellite town . The rest of the city can be reached via Adelaide Avenue, Commonwealth Avenue, Lady Denman Drive and Cotter Road, all of which run along the edge of the borough.

Yarralumla is located in Yarralumla formation , a formation of clay and silt that before about 425 million years ago during the Silurian was formed. It stretches from Red Hill and Woden in the south to Lake Burley Griffin in the north and runs under Yarralumla. The formation is evidence of the last great marine - sedimentary period when eastern Australia was covered by shallow seas. One finds fossils of trilobites , corals and primitive Crinoidea here . In the brick quarries of Yarralumla and on the saddle of Mount Deakin, the formation is visible and easy to study.

history

colonization

the Yarralumla wool shed, 1925
Workers in the Yarralumla brick kiln, 1924

Today's Yarralumla is part of two state land grants that were granted to free settlers to set up farms. In 1828 Henry Donnison received a stake west of the Stirling Ridge, while a second allotment went to William Klensendorlffe, who had bought the land on March 7, 1839 from John Stephen. Donnison's land was officially named "Yarralumla" when it was visited in 1834. That is what the Ngunnawal called the land; the term is probably translated as "echo". Fredrick Campbell, a descendant of Robert Campbell, bought the property in 1881 and built a three-story house that later became the basis for the Government House. Campbell also built a wool shed nearby in 1904, which has been preserved to this day.

In 1908 the Limestone Plains including Yarralumla was selected as the capital of the newly created Australian Confederation . In 1913 the federal government bought both properties. The local farmers were allowed to stay on the land with annual rent payments ; some of them remained until 1963 when the Molonglo River was dammed and Lake Burley Griffin was created.

development

The Yarralumla brickworks today

With the emergence of the Australian capital in 1913, the Yarralumla brick factories were built to produce building materials. The bricks were used in many buildings in Canberra, including the old Parliament House. In 1917 Walter Burley Griffin named the area around the distilleries "Westridge". A freight tram (1067 mm gauge) was set up to transport the bricks to some of the major construction sites in central Canberra. This connected places like Parliament House and Kingston Power Station.

The Yarralumla Nursery from the Air with the Molonglo River in the Background (1923)

Construction of the Commonwealth Nursery and Arboretum Westbourne Woods began in 1914 and a makeshift camp for the workers was built next to the brickworks. Thomas Charles Weston was the forestry operations manager from 1913 to 1926 and later became the city planting director and superintendent for parks and gardens. Weston was responsible for testing and selecting plant species at the arboretum for suitability for the Canberra environment; from 1913 to 1924 he oversaw the growth of more than two million trees that were then planted in Canberra. Most of the original arboretum is now leased to the Royal Canberra Golf Club, while the remainder is part of Weston Park. The nursery is still in use, albeit on a smaller scale; today it is sold here, both for wholesalers and directly to the public.

In 1922, a labor camp east of Stirling Ridge was set up for the men who worked on the sewer system. The following year, construction began on 62 small four-room wooden huts for the married merchants who were involved in the construction of the provisional Parliament House. Further camps were built east of Stirling Park on the hill opposite today's Lotus Bay. The first belonged to the building contractor John Howie (1922–1930) and consisted of 25 wooden huts for the married men and barracks (hostel camp) for the singles. Two other single tent camps were set up near the Old Tradesmen Camp (1923–1927) and the N ° 1 Laborers Camp (1924–1927). Howie's men worked on the Canberra Hotel, the others on Parliament House and the neighboring administrative buildings.

The camps at Stirling Park called the new residents "Westlake", while the Aborigines called the area "Gura Bung Dhaura" (stony ground). In 1925, 700 people lived in this temporary suburb. That was around a fifth of the then total population of the Australian Capital Territory ; in the region only the Molonglo Settlement had more inhabitants (750). The location was chosen so that it was close to Parliament House, but not directly visible from all "important" places. The small cabins in Westlake were removed from the mid-1950s, the last in 1965. Many of the cabins were moved to Queanbeyan and are still inhabited today. Stirling Park near the embassy district now covers the historic Westlake settlement area. Some relics of the earlier inhabitants have been preserved and signs are used to remember the pioneers of the early Canberra.

The Commonwealth Forestry School was established in 1926 in Westridge near the brickworks and Westbourne Woods . The first students were accepted a year later. Today the Grade II listed Forestry School and the attached principal's residence, Westridge House , are on Banks Street in Yarralumla. The Forestry and Forest Products Division of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) took over the school in 1975. The Westridge House , an impressive building in the Tudor style , was for 500,000 $ renovated and currently serves as the residence of the managing director of the CSIRO.

The majority of the population consisted of men who worked in the brick kiln and tree nursery. Westridge was officially announced as a suburb of Canberra in 1928. Its residential area bordered the planned site for Lake Burley Griffin, near Westbourne Woods and the 53 acre residence of the Governor General .

After the Second World War

the Scrivener Dam

Westridge was officially renamed Yarralumla again in the 1950s. In 1963, Lake Burley Griffin was filled and Yarralumla now also included Westlake, which previously officially belonged to Acton.

After the Second World War , the district quickly expanded to include many private houses. The image of a lower-class neighborhood lasted until the 1970s. That general perception changed after the creation of Lake Burley Griffin and the surrounding parks. The area gained reputation for its attractive lakeside location. In the 1980s, property prices rose and the district rejuvenated. Many of the monocrete , brick, and weatherstrip houses originally built by the government have been demolished and replaced with larger buildings in a variety of modern styles and materials. The suburb is widely considered to be one of the more desirable in Canberra.

population

weekly income

In 1928 there were 130 people on the Westridge electoral roll. The 2016 census found a population of 2,890 people.

The 2016 figures show that Yarralumla residents are on average 49 years old (the average for Australia is 38). Yarralumla is a relatively affluent neighborhood, with the median income for a household in excess of AU $ 2,500 a week. The unemployment rate is two percentage points below the Australian average. Around 22% of those in employment work in the public sector or in defense. The median income in Yarralumla was $ 1,347 (Australia $ 662). The average price for a house in Yarralumla in 2005 was $ 692,000 (Canberra $ 352,000).

69.3% of the population of Yarralumla was born in Australia. In second place in terms of origin is England with 6.0%. 34.6% of the population do not belong to any religious community. The religious communities with the largest number of members are (in descending order): Catholics , Anglicans and the Uniting Church .

Most people live in single houses.

Infrastructure

Weston Park

The local shopping center of Yarralumla is on the corner of Bentham and Novar Street and includes a supermarket, bakery, laundromat, video / post office, drug store, newsagent and various restaurants and specialty shops. The shopping area has been changed several times in recent years, including: a. a two-story office building was erected opposite the shopping center.

The first school, St. Peter Chanel's Catholic Elementary School, opened in 1956 and closed in the 1990s. The Yarralumla Primary School public school opened a year after St. Father Chanel's. Half of it now occupies a center for behavioral students. There are two pre-schools in Yarralumla: the Hill Corner Preschool (now St. Nicolas Greek-Australian Preschool ) and the Montessori School, which is located in the former building of St. Peter Chanel's.

Weston Park is located on a peninsula on the west side of Lake Burley Griffin. The park contains bathing areas, playgrounds and paddling pools and is a popular place for barbecues on weekends . It is one of a number of parks (Yarralumla Bay, Lennox Gardens and Stirling Park) that frame the south coast of the lake.

As in the rest of Canberra, public transport in Yarralumla is served exclusively by buses operated by the Australian Capital Territory Internal Omnibus Network (ACTION). Three bus routes run through the suburb. Numbers 31, 32 and 84 drive an identical route over Novar Street, Schlich Street and Hopetoun Circuit. Buses 31 and 32 run from Woden Town Center to City Center, while bus 84 runs from Woden to Manuka and Kingston. Buses usually run every 30-60 minutes from 7:00 a.m. to 11:30 p.m.

politics

ACT 2004 election
laboratory 45%
liberal 33%
Green 12%
Independent 6%
Federal election 2004
laboratory 47%
liberal 35%
Green 15%
Democrats 2%

Yarralumla is in the federal electoral district of Canberra. Annette Ellis currently (2005) represents this district in the House of Representatives. Historically, both constituencies in the ACT (Australian Capital Territory) are safe seats for the Labor Party. In the ACT Legislative Assembly, Yarralumla belongs to the Molonglo constituency, which elects seven MPs under proportional representation. In the 2004 ACT election there were changes of 7.3% in favor of the Labor Party and 4.1% against the Liberals.

The Yarralumla Residents Association (YRA) is a registered organization that represents the views of Yarralumla residents and business people. The group opposes the government's plans for urban consolidation and supports open land and the conservation of sparsely populated areas. The organization is also vocal about plans regarding the brick factory.

Important places

the Government House

Yarralumla has a remarkable number of sights and places of historical interest. Government House, also called Yarralumla, is located to the west of the suburb in a 53-acre park on Lake Burley Griffin, near the Royal Canberra Golf Club and Scrivener Dam. The house was built in 1891 . The neighboring wool shed can be rented for events such as parties or bush dances. A park for riders was created in the surrounding country, which also includes areas for show jumping , eventing and endurance riding .

The brick kiln was the first industrial manufacture in the ACT. It was temporarily closed during the Great Depression and both world wars and finally closed in 1976 after failed modernization plans. The site is currently not open to the public and is in a state of disrepair. The park around the brick kiln is a popular recreation area for the residents of Yarralumla. Future plans have not yet been decided.

the Chinese embassy

To the east of Yarralumla are numerous Canberra diplomatic missions . Many of them are built in the traditional style of their home countries. Examples of regional style law firms are the embassies of Saudi Arabia , Thailand and China, and the buildings of the High Commissioners of India and Papua New Guinea . The first embassy in Canberra was that of the United States , the cornerstone of which was laid on July 4, 1942. It is a Georgian-style building complex that was inspired by various buildings that Christopher Wren designed in Virginia at the beginning of the 18th century . Tourist tour # 6 takes visitors past many of Canberra's embassies.

To the east of Yarralumla you will also find Lennox Gardens, the yacht club, Albert Hall and Hotel Canberra. The latter was opened in 1924 mainly for politicians in parliament. The hotel closed in 1974 and the building served as an extension of Parliament House from 1976–1984. In 1987, Hyatt reopened the hotel.

{

literature

Web links

Commons : Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Australian Bureau of Statistics : Yarralumla ( English ) In: 2016 Census QuickStats . June 27, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b http://203.15.126.40/cgi-bin/search.pl (link not available)
  3. ↑ a b c http://www.environment.act.gov.au/Files/heritageregister20068.pdf (link not available)
  4. ^ A b c Government House. Archived from the original on December 22, 2004 ; accessed on April 21, 2014 (English).
  5. ^ 1928 Electoral Roll for Westridge. In: genseek.net. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006 ; accessed on April 21, 2014 (English).
  6. ^ A b Yarralumla Brickworks Planning Review. (PDF) Planning and Land Authority, March 2005, accessed April 21, 2014 .
  7. ^ John Gray: Charles Weston and the Greening of Canberra. National Capital Authority, archived from the original on July 10, 2005 ; accessed on April 21, 2014 (English).
  8. ↑ Yarralumla Nursery Description. National Trust of Australia, archived from the original on October 29, 2004 ; accessed on April 21, 2014 (English).
  9. ^ A b c d Ann Gugler: Westlake One of the Vanished Suburbs of Canberra. 1997, ISBN 0-646-30075-X
  10. ^ Ngunnawal Bibliographic Material. (PDF) Archived from the original on October 30, 2004 ; Retrieved April 21, 2014 .
  11. ↑ CSIRO Forestry and Forestry Products Library Webpage. Archived from the original on July 20, 2005 ; accessed on April 21, 2014 (English).
  12. ^ Australian Senate - Employment, Workplace Relations and Education Legislation Committee (June 6, 2002): Official Committee Hansard - Consideration of Budget Estimates. ( Memento of February 18, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 950 kB) As of November 8, 2005
  13. ↑ Canberra Urban Parks and Places - Yarralumla Bay. Department of Urban Services, June 17, 2003, archived from the original March 21, 2005 ; accessed on April 21, 2014 (English).
  14. ↑ Real Estate Institute of Australia: Press Release - It's official: the property market has cooled. ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. September 9, 2005 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.reiaustralia.com.au
  15. ^ Yarralumla Primary School (2004): Yarralumla Primary School webpage. As of November 17, 2004
  16. ↑ Action website. As of November 5, 2004
  17. ^ Election 2004: Polling Booth Results (Yarralumla, Canberra). ACT Electoral Commission, archived from the original on October 23, 2004 ; accessed on April 21, 2014 (English).
  18. ↑ a b Federal Election 2004 - Polling Booth Results
  19. ^ Australian Broadcasting Corporation (November 26, 2004): Australian Votes - Federal Election - October 9, 2004 - Canberra. As of November 26, 2004
  20. ↑ ACT Electoral Commission (December 24, 2003): Electorates 2001 and 2004 elections. ( Memento of February 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) As of November 26, 2004
  21. ^ Election 2001 - Polling Booth Results (Yarralumla, Canberra). ACT Electoral Commission, archived from the original on October 23, 2004 ; accessed on April 21, 2014 (English).
  22. ↑ Yarralumla Residents Association: YRA website as of November 2, 2005
  23. ^ US Department of State: History of the US Embassy. ( Memento from December 30, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) As of November 4, 2005
  24. ^ National Library of Australia (November 13, 2003): MS 7302 - Records of Hotel Canberra. As of November 22, 2004