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{{Infobox Settlement
{{underconstruction}}
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<!-- Basic info ---------------->
{{Infobox Company
|official_name = Stock Island, Florida
|name = Signature BioScience
|type =Private
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|foundation = 1998
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|location_city = San Francisco (initially Hayward)
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<!-- images and maps ----------->
|key_people = Mark McDade
|image_skyline = Stockisland.jpg
|industry = BioPharmaceutical Discovery and Development
|dissolved = 2003
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Stock Island from the north. [[Florida Keys Community College]] can be seen to the far left. A large [[land fill]] is in the center, and a [[marina]]/[[resort]] is on the right.
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<!-- Population ----------------------->
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
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'''Stock Island''' is an island in the lower [[Florida Keys]] immediately east of [[Key West]] (separated from Key West by Cow Key Channel, which is only about 75 yards (70 m) wide). Immediately northwest is [[Key Haven]] (official name ''Raccoon Key''), from which it is connected by causeway with [[U.S. Route 1 in Florida|US 1]] (the [[Overseas Highway]]). The part north of [[U.S. Route 1 in Florida|U.S. 1]] is part of the [[Key West, Florida|City of Key West]], while the southern part is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Monroe County, Florida|Monroe County]], [[Florida]], [[United States]].<ref>[http://www.keywestcity.com/egov/docs/1161957236_949066.pdf Zoning Map]. ''[[Key West, Florida|City of Key West]]''. Accessed [[September 21]], [[2008]].</ref> The population of the CDP was 4,410 at the 2000 census. Supposedly named for herds of livestock formerly kept there. Alternatively, some local historians suggest that it may be named for an early settler.<ref>http://keys.fiu.edu/gazetteer/00000611.htm "Key Names" Florida Keys Gazetteer</ref>
'''Signature BioScience Inc.''' was a [[biotechnology]] company based in [[San Francisco]] and carried out clinical trials on [[Digitoxin]] as a potential treatment for [[cancer]]. It was formed in 1998 but closed in 2003.


==History==
==Geography==
Stock Island is located at {{coor dms|24|34|12|N|81|44|15|W|city}} (24.570075, -81.737376){{GR|1}}.


[[U.S. Route 1 in Florida|U.S. 1]] (or the [[Overseas Highway]]) crosses the key at approximately mile markers 4--6, immediately east of Key West.
===Timeline===
[[Image:Timeline_1.jpg|400px|right]]


According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of 0.9 [[square mile|mi²]] (2.4 [[km²]]). 0.9 mi² (2.3 km²) of it is land and 1.10% is water.
Signature Bioscience (Signature) was founded by John Hefti, a theoretical physicist by training who studied medicine and worked at Stanford, in Redwood, CA in 1998. Signature’s main business model was to become a drug development company with preclinical leads available for licensing to pharmaceutical and biotech partners. Their main focus area was cancer, although they were in the process of developing some compounds in other therapeutic areas. Andrew Sandham later became president of the company and John Hefti became the CTO, with Mark McDade taking over as the CEO in late 2000.<ref>Huggett, B. “Signature Raises $17 M Privately For PhenoDynamic Technology.” ''Bioworld Today Archives.'' September 7, 2000.</ref><ref>“Signature Bio” 10/10/08 <http://www.archives.org.> Archived webpage: <http://signaturebio.com></ref> Towards the end of 2002, Robert J. Zimmerman succeeded Mark McDade, who left SBS to go to Protein Design Labs. Zimmerman became the President and a member of the Board of Directors, while maintaining his position as the COO; he had also formerly held the positions of EVP of Research & Development at Signature.<ref> “Signature BioScience CEO Goes to Protein Design Labs.” ''San Francisco Business Times.'' November 5, 2002.</ref><ref>Article reference number: 112943. “Signature BioScience Announces Management Team Changes.” ''Biomedical NewsSearcher.'' November 5, 2002.</ref> (See '''Key People''' below for more about others in the company.)


==Demographics==
In September 2001, Signature entered into a collaboration agreement with Micralyne, a leading company in microfluidics and “lab-on-a-chip.”<ref>Article reference number: 92485. "Micralyne and Signature Bioscience Announce Research and Development Agreement"</ref> Signature acquired the entirety of PrimeCyte’s stock in the beginning of Januray 2002. PrimeCyte was a private oncology-based company located in Seattle, WA, that focused on drug discovery. Signature wanted the newly acquired company to help advance its detection-based, cell-oriented drug discovery program WaveScreen.<ref>Start-up/Emerging. "KE Biomedical Deals." January 8, 2002.</ref> Signature then acquired Protein Design Labs’ Small Molecule Group (SMG) at the end of January, 2002; SMG specialized in developing humanized antibodies.<ref>Article reference number: 47955. "Signature Acquires Protein Design Labs’ Small Molecule Group." ''Biomedical NewsSearcher.'' January 29, 2002.</ref> (See '''Acquisitions and Partnerships''' for the complete list of companies.)
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 4,410 people, 1,713 households, and 1,050 families residing in the CDP. The [[population density]] was 1,891.9/km² (4,919.1/mi²). There were 1,855 housing units at an average density of 795.8/km² (2,069.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 79.95% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 10.45% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.36% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.09% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 4.76% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.33% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 43.33% of the population.


There were 1,713 households out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.12.
Signature became the first biotechnology company in San Francisco after acquiring 67,000 square feet of office and space in the city. They signed a 10-year lease in October 2001.<ref>Article reference number: 47955. "Signature Acquires Protein Design Labs’ Small Molecule Group." ''Biomedical NewsSearcher.'' January 29, 2002.</ref><ref>Bishop, A. "Signature Bioscience Signs 475 Brannan Lease." ''San Francisco Business Times.'' October 22, 2001.</ref> Before all the employees and equipment moved into the new facility in May 2002, Signature increased its lease space to 100,000 square feet.<ref>Doherty, B. "San Francisco Seeks Biotech Buy-In." ''San Francisco Business Times.'' March 1, 2002.</ref> In April of 2003, Signature decided to cease all operations when investors decided not to give the company a $10 million bridge loan.<ref> Levine, D. "Signature Bio’s Burnout Singes City’s Ambition." ''Business Times.'' April 28, 2003.</ref> The company likely became impaired due to market conditions for their particular industry, quick turnover of management, and the company’s poorly projected performance and expected cash needs. (See '''Financing''' below.)


In the CDP the population was spread out with 23.5% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 118.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.8 males.
===Key People===
*Mark McDale, MBA ('''CEO''') - Graduated from Dartmouth College; received his MBA from Harvard.
*John Hefti, MD ('''CTO''') - Founder
*Andrew P. Sandham ('''President''' and '''CBO''')
*Richard Neele, PhD, J.D. - Executive Vice President of Intellectual Property
*David Balaban, PhD - Vice President of Informatics and Computational Biology
*Mark Rhodes, PhD - Vice President of Advanced Technologies
*Joseph Heanue, PhD - Vice President of Product Engineering
*David C Spellmeyer, PhD ('''CSO''') - Vice President of Drug Discovery
*Nancy E.Pecota – Senior Director of Finance and Administration<ref>Business Wire ( May 1, 2001) 10/10/08 <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_May_1/ai_73880681></ref>
*Frances K. Heller, J.D., MA – Vice President, Corporate Development and Legal Affairs
**J.D. from Golden gate Univ school of law, an MA in biology from American Univ and BS in biology from Tulane University (Jan 2002)<ref>“Signature BioSciences” - Knowledge Express 2008 10/12/08 <http://www.knowledgeexpress.com/resultlist.asp?ListIndex=49&SourceFilter></ref>


The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,537, and the median income for a family was $38,029. Males had a median income of $23,714 versus $20,182 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $14,346. About 19.2% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 28.9% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.
===Acquisitions and Partnerships===
*'''''MDS Inc. and Signature BioScience Inc.''''' MDS Inc., a company focused on products and services for development of drugs, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It has departments which work on analytical instruments, molecular imaging, and contract research. MDS paid an upfront fees of $10 million and undisclosed milestone and royalty payments to Signature BioScience in exchange for its MCS technology. The product development work was divided between the two companies. MDS was solely responsible for sales, marketing and service of the instrumentation. MDS’ products will have Signature’s WaveSpec technology as part of their product line. This partnership was done in August 2001.


The northern side of stock island is home to the Key West Golf Course and the Monroe County Detention Center. The southern side of the island is home to numerous mobile homes and marinas.
*'''''Micralyne and Signature BioScience Inc.''''' Micralyne, microfluids or lab-on-chip company and Signature Bioscience entered into a collaboration agreement where Micralyne will give microfluidic and micromachining technology and development services to Signature for it to develop miniaturized platforms for certain drug discovery allplications. The deal was done in September 2001.


==Education==
*'''''Cambridge and Signature BioScience''''' Signature bought Cambridge Discovery Chemistry (CDC) from Millennium to strengthen its drug discovery infrastructure in July 2001.
[[Monroe County School District (Florida)|Monroe County School District]] operates public schools serving Stock Island.


Three schools in the City of Key West, [http://gra.monroe.k12.fl.us/ Glynn R. Archer Elementary School] on Stock Island and [http://hob.monroe.k12.fl.us/ Horace O'Bryant Middle School] and [[Key West High School]] [http://kwh.monroe.k12.fl.us/], located on Key West Island, serve Stock Island.
*'''''Primecyte Inc. and Signature BioScience''''' Signature BioScience acquired 100% of the stock of PrimeCyte Inc., a drug discovery company focused on cancer. PrimeCyte’s Cytection technology was for producing high throughput drug discovery screens that use primary cells. Signature was getting a pipeline of several compounds with anti-tumor activity. Signature also got a drug candidate PC4071 which was in Phase II clinical trials then for treatment of ovarian cancer and sarcomas. (Jan 2002)


==References==
*'''''Protein design labs and Signature BioScience''''' Signature BioSciences acquired Protein Design Lab’s Small Molecule Group access its high throughput screening and small molecule drug discovery efforts. (Jan 2002)
{{reflist}}


==External links==
*'''''Sunesis Pharmaceuticals and Signature BioScience''''' Signature BioSciences formed a collaboration with Sunesis Pharmaceuticals to access their small molecule inhibitors for protein-protein interaction within inflammation pathways. The company was forced to shut down as a $10 million bridge loan to the company did not go through. This loan was supposed to be used until the company completed a $30 million private equity from S.G. Capital Partners.<ref>“Signature BioSciences” - Knowledge Express 2008 10/12/08 <http://www.knowledgeexpress.com/resultlist.asp?ListIndex=49&SourceFilter></ref><ref>Daniel Levine, “Signature Bioscience to shut down” ''San Francisco Business Times.'' April 17th 2003 <http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2003/04/14/daily46.html></ref>
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|24.570075|-81.737376}}


{{Florida Keys}}
===Financing===
{{Monroe County, Florida}}
After leaving his work at Stanford and filing a patent, John Hefti raised $1 million in funding from Prospect Venture Partners (PVP) and Abingworth Management Inc.<ref>Huggett, B. “Signature Raises $17 M Privately For PhenoDynamic Technology.” ''Bioworld Today Archives.'' September 7, 2000.</ref> In September 2000, Signature raised $17 million in a Series C private funding , which was led by Atlas Venture, and included CIBC Capital Partners and Coral Ventures as well as the company's original investors, ProspectVenture Partners and Abingworth Management.<ref>"Signature BioScience Raises $17 million." ''San Francisco Business Times.'' September 6, 2000</ref> In July of 2001, Signature raised $43 million in a 4th round (Series D) of financing. The fund was led by SG Capital Partners, with the other existing investors participating in the round including PVP, Atlas Venture, Abinworth Management, CIBC Capital Partners, and Coral Ventures. The new investors in this round included SG Capital Partners, Vulcan Ventures Inc., MDS Capital Corp, China Development Industrial Bank, Tallwood Venture Capital, Lehman Brothers, Lotus BioScience, Ventures, Ltd., and IRR. At this point, the company had raised a total of $64 million since its beginning in 1998.<ref>Article reference number: 35208. "Signature Closes $43 million Series D Financing Round." ''Biomedical NewsSearcher.'' July 9, 2001.</ref> Signature had assumed that their revenues, which would include the fees from pharmaceutical device companies, would reach $10 million at the end of 2001 and expected the numbers to skyrocket to $100 million by 2004.<ref>Smith, L. "The Innovators: Meet the 65 Companies and Their Owners Who Have Conjured up the Latest Wave of Products, Services, and Technologies." (May 1, 2001.) 10/10/08 <http://www.cnnmoney.com></ref> However, the company dissolved after it failed to obtain a necessary bridge loan in 2003.

==Technology==
===WaveScreen===
Signature’s detection-based, cell-oriented drug discovery platform, WaveScreen™, integrates Signature's portfolio of complementary screening technologies; including its proprietary spectroscopy, MCS, and Cytection with assays. The technologies evaluates both cellular and molecular responses to compounds at the beginning of the drug discovery process. The company used WaveScreen to drive lead compound discovery for pharmaceutical and biotech partnership opportunities, while globally commercializing its MCS-based WaveSpec™ instrumentation in collaboration with its partner MDS Sciex.<ref>"Signature to Acquire PrimeCyte, Inc. to Rapidly Advance its Drug Discovery Platform, WaveScreen™" ''New England Partners.'' (1-8-02) Retrieved on 10/11/2008 <http://www.nepartners.com/news/1-8-02_signaturebio.html>.</ref>

===Cytection===
Cytection™ assays were a part of Signature’s drug discovery and development program. The technology was based on their proprietary screening platform which was used to rapidly discover and efficiently optimize highly qualified small molecules. Cytection™ used diseased and normal patient-derived primary cells, rather than immortalized cell lines, to identify compounds that were selectively active against diseased tissues compared to normal tissues. Signature used the platform for hit identification when screening potential drug compounds as well as for structure activity relationship (SAR) lead optimization.
===Multipole Coupling Spectroscopy===
Signature also developed a cellular detection system based on its proprietary Multipole Coupling Spectroscopy (MCS) technology. The MCS technology was used for applications in drug discovery and is based upon dielectric spectroscopy.<ref>"Signature BioScience." Knowledge Express® 2008.10/11/2008 <http://www.knowledgeexpress.com/recordview.asp?rid=4509&dbid=56&ListLoc=23&SourceFilter=>.</ref> MCS uses microwave and radio frequencies which can be used to scan proteins and cells. The response signal indicates whether there's an interaction, the change in the structure of the protein or cell and the resulting change in function.<ref>"MARK MCDADE - SIGNATURE BIOSCIENCE: TWST." 10/11/2008 <http://www.twst.com/notes/articles/nah364.html>.</ref> Signature used the technology to look at the effect on a given protein or a given cell caused by the addition of another molecule. The system operates in real time with no labels or tags necessary. Compounds can be profiled against many cellular systems, in primary cells, in immortalized cells with the target in its native state, or in cell lines in which the target is artificially introduced. The system allows detection of physical and biological properties of molecules and cells, including target drug receptors and the interactions of two molecules with each other in real time (such as the binding of a test compound to a target drug receptor. ) Signature's patent portfolio relating to MCS consisted of five issued patents: four in the United States, one in the United Kingdom.

===MDS Sciex===
In 2003, MDS Sciex, a Toronto-based manufacturer of mass spectrometers, bought the MCS technology and hired 12 former Signature employees. After two years of continued research and development, the bioimpedance technology was launched as a radically new cellular assay for drug discovery.<ref> "Welcome to CellKey.com." 10/11/2008 <http://www.cellkey.com/></ref> It is now market as the CellKey™384 System. One of MDS’ developers, Dr. Simon Pitchford, was a recipient of the PolyPops Foundation Award of the 2008 Society for Biomolecular Sciences (SBS) for his contribution to the development of the CellKey™ System.<ref>"CellKey News and Press Release." 10/11/2008 <http://www.cellkey.com/press_release.html?id=8></ref>

:'''CellKey<sup>TM</sup> 384 System'''
[[Image:CellKey384.jpg|frame|right|MDS Sciex's CellKey<sup>TM</sup> 384 System<ref>"CellKey - Technology." 10/11/08 <http://www.cellkey.com/technology.html></ref>]]
:After, mammalian cells are seeded onto a custom 96-well microtiter plate that contains electrodes at the bottom of each well. The CellKey™ System then supplies a constant voltage, producing a current that at low frequencies flows both around and between cells (extracellular current, Ziec) and at high frequencies through cells (transcellular current, Zitc).<ref>“CellKey - Technology.” 10/11/08 <http://www.cellkey.com/technology.html></ref> Impedance changes can then be linked to changes in cell-substrate adherence, changes in cell shape and volume, and changes in cell-cell interactions. These factors individually or collectively affect the flow of extracellular and transcellular current, influencing the magnitude and characteristics of the signal measured. Activation of cell receptors results in characteristic bioimpedance measurements corresponding to the signaling pathway being activated. These are unique to the main subsets of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRS).

==Market Assessment==

===Diamond Model===

[[Image:Sbschart.jpg|120px|none|frame|Porter's Diamond Model]]

===Potential Reasons for Dissolving the Venture===

==References==


[[Category:Islands of Monroe County, Florida]]
*{{cite web |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2003/04/14/daily46.html
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Florida]]
|title=Signature BioScience to shut down |accessdate=2008-10-10 |last=Levine |first=Daniel|coauthors= |date=April 17, 2003 |work=San Francisco Business Times |publisher=}}
[[Category:Census-designated places in Monroe County, Florida]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Key West]]


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Revision as of 23:18, 12 October 2008

Stock Island, Florida
CDP
Stock Island from the north. Florida Keys Community College can be seen to the far left. A large land fill is in the center, and a marina/resort is on the right.
Stock Island from the north. Florida Keys Community College can be seen to the far left. A large land fill is in the center, and a marina/resort is on the right.
Location in Monroe County and the state of Florida
Location in Monroe County and the state of Florida
U.S. Census Bureau map showing CDP boundaries
U.S. Census Bureau map showing CDP boundaries
Country United States
State Florida
County Monroe
Area
 • Total0.9 sq mi (2.3 km2)
 • Land0.9 sq mi (2.3 km2)
 • Water0 sq mi (0 km2)
Elevation
3 ft (1 m)
Population
 (2000)
 • Total4,410
 • Density4,900/sq mi (1,917.4/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
33040-33041
Area code305
FIPS code12-68800Template:GR
GNIS feature ID1867211Template:GR

Stock Island is an island in the lower Florida Keys immediately east of Key West (separated from Key West by Cow Key Channel, which is only about 75 yards (70 m) wide). Immediately northwest is Key Haven (official name Raccoon Key), from which it is connected by causeway with US 1 (the Overseas Highway). The part north of U.S. 1 is part of the City of Key West, while the southern part is a census-designated place (CDP) in Monroe County, Florida, United States.[1] The population of the CDP was 4,410 at the 2000 census. Supposedly named for herds of livestock formerly kept there. Alternatively, some local historians suggest that it may be named for an early settler.[2]

Geography

Stock Island is located at 24°34′12″N 81°44′15″W / 24.57000°N 81.73750°W / 24.57000; -81.73750Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (24.570075, -81.737376)Template:GR.

U.S. 1 (or the Overseas Highway) crosses the key at approximately mile markers 4--6, immediately east of Key West.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 mi² (2.4 km²). 0.9 mi² (2.3 km²) of it is land and 1.10% is water.

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 4,410 people, 1,713 households, and 1,050 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,891.9/km² (4,919.1/mi²). There were 1,855 housing units at an average density of 795.8/km² (2,069.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 79.95% White, 10.45% African American, 0.36% Native American, 1.09% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 4.76% from other races, and 3.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 43.33% of the population.

There were 1,713 households out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the CDP the population was spread out with 23.5% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 118.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,537, and the median income for a family was $38,029. Males had a median income of $23,714 versus $20,182 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,346. About 19.2% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.9% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.

The northern side of stock island is home to the Key West Golf Course and the Monroe County Detention Center. The southern side of the island is home to numerous mobile homes and marinas.

Education

Monroe County School District operates public schools serving Stock Island.

Three schools in the City of Key West, Glynn R. Archer Elementary School on Stock Island and Horace O'Bryant Middle School and Key West High School [1], located on Key West Island, serve Stock Island.

References

  1. ^ Zoning Map. City of Key West. Accessed September 21, 2008.
  2. ^ http://keys.fiu.edu/gazetteer/00000611.htm "Key Names" Florida Keys Gazetteer

External links

Template:Mapit-US-cityscale

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Signature_BioScience&oldid=244869824"