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{{Short description|Filmmaking in the Republic of Ireland}}
{{EuropeanCinema}}
{{about|film in the Republic of Ireland|film in Northern Ireland|Cinema of Northern Ireland}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox cinema market
| name = Cinema of Ireland
| image =Irishfilmindustry.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| screens = 537 (2019)<ref name=screens_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure - Capacity|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=5 November 2013|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105031441/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| screens_per_capita = 11.0 per 100,000 (2011)<ref name=screens_uis/>
| distributors = {{br separated entries|[[Warner Bros.]] 18.4%|[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] 16.2%|[[Universal Pictures|Universal]] 12.1%}}<ref name=distributors_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=5 November 2013|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225508/http://data.uis.unesco.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| produced_year = 2011
| produced_ref = <ref name=production_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=5 November 2013|archive-date=23 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323123538/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| produced_total =
| produced_fictional = 20
| produced_animated = 2
| produced_documentary = 10
| admissions_year = 2011
| admissions_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 11: Exhibition - Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=5 November 2013|archive-date=3 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103112139/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| admissions_total = 16,350,000
| admissions_per_capita = 3.6 (2010)<ref name=cine_aussie>{{cite web|title=Cinema - Admissions per capita |url=http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx |publisher=Screen Australia |access-date=9 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109233447/http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx |archive-date= 9 November 2013 }}</ref>
| admissions_national = 640,000 (3.9%)
| box_office_year = 2011
| box_office_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis/>
| box_office_total = €{{Format price|111900000}}
| box_office_national = €{{Format price|4400000}} (3.9%)
}}
The '''Irish film industry''' has grown somewhat in recent years thanks partly to the promotion of the sector by [[Fís Éireann/Screen Ireland]] and the introduction of heavy tax breaks. According to the Irish Audiovisual Content Production Sector Review carried out by the Irish Film Board and PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2008 this sector, has gone from 1,000 people employed six or seven years ago, to well over 6,000 people in that sector now and is valued at over €557.3 million and represents 0.3% of GDP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Irish Audiovisual Content Production Sector Review |publisher=[[Irish Film Board]] |year=2009 |url=http://www.irishfilmboard.ie/files/Irish%20Audiovisual%20Content%20Production%20Sector%20Review%20jan%2009.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226110706/http://www.irishfilmboard.ie/files/Irish%20Audiovisual%20Content%20Production%20Sector%20Review%20jan%2009.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most films are produced in [[Hiberno-English|English]] as Ireland is largely [[English-speaking world|Anglophone]], though some productions are made in [[Irish language|Irish]] either wholly or partially.


According to an article in ''Variety'' magazine spotlighting Irish cinema, a decade ago{{when|date=March 2023}} the [[Republic of Ireland]] had only two filmmakers anyone had heard of: [[Neil Jordan]] and [[Jim Sheridan]].{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} {{as of|2010}}, the Republic of Ireland can boast more than a dozen directors and writers with significant and growing international reputations. Ireland is now achieving critical mass of filmmaking talent to match the kind of influence, disproportionate to its small size, that it has always enjoyed in the fields of literature and theatre. Following in the footsteps of Sheridan and Jordan comes a generation that includes such directors as [[Lenny Abrahamson]], [[Conor McPherson]], [[John Crowley (director)|John Crowley]], [[Martin McDonagh]], [[John Michael McDonagh]], [[John Carney (director)|John Carney]], [[Kirsten Sheridan]], [[Lance Daly]], [[Paddy Breathnach]] and [[Damien O'Donnell]] and writers such as [[Mark O'Rowe]], [[Enda Walsh]] and [[Mark O'Halloran (writer)|Mark O'Halloran]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Dawtry |first=Adam |title=Variety Spotlight: Irish Film Soars Past Old Limitations |publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=2009-05-15 |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118003769.html?categoryid=3632&cs=1&query=Irish+film+soars+past+old+limitations |access-date=2009-08-18 }}</ref>
The [[Irish film industry]] has grown somewhat in recent years thanks partly to the promotion of the sector by Bord Scannán na hÉireann (The [[Irish Film Board]]) and the introduction of heavy tax breaks. Some of the most successful Irish films included ''[[Intermission (film)|Intermission]]'' (2001), ''[[Man About Dog]]'' (2004), ''[[Michael Collins (film)|Michael Collins]]'' (1996), ''[[Angela's Ashes (film)|Angela's Ashes]]'' (1999) and ''[[The Commitments (film)|The Commitments]]'' (1991). In the past many films were censored or banned, owing largely to the influence of the Catholic church, although virtually no cuts or bans have been issued in recent years, with one in 2004, one in 2005, and one as of August 2006, with the [[Irish Film Censor's]] policy being that of personal choice for the viewer.


Former [[Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media|Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism]] [[Martin Cullen]] (2008–2010) said that “the film industry is the cornerstone of a smart and creative digital economy”.<ref name="O’Flanagan">{{cite news |last=O'Flanagan |first=Kate |title=Projecting a Positive Image |publisher=[[Sunday Business Post]] |date=2009-04-26
Ireland has also proved a popular location for shooting films, largely due to the tax-breaks, with ''[[The Quiet Man]]'' (1952), ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), ''[[Reign of Fire]]'' (2002) and ''[[King Arthur]]'' (2004) all being shot in Ireland. The first film ever shot in Ireland was ''[[The Lad from Old Ireland]]'' (1910), which was advertised as "The first ever film recorded on two continents". The film was a short silent story about a young Irishman who went to the USA to find riches, before returning home to save his family home from the bailiffs.
|url=http://www.thepost.ie/includes_live/commercialpages/2009_04_26The_irish_film_industry_feature.pdf |access-date=2009-08-18
}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> But as well as the concrete economic benefits that the Irish film industry brings in by way of cash investment from overseas and the associated VAT, PAYE and PRSI receipts, it has been noted that there are the soft benefits in terms of the development and projection of the Irish culture and the promotion of tourism.<ref>{{cite news |title =Lured by the Gift of Storytelling |publisher=[[Sunday Business Post]] |date=2009-04-26 |url=http://www.thepost.ie/includes_live/commercialpages/2009_04_26The_irish_film_industry_feature.pdf |access-date=2009-08-18}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


Some of the most successful Irish films include ''[[The Wind That Shakes the Barley (film)|The Wind That Shakes the Barley]]'' (2006), ''[[Intermission (film)|Intermission]]'' (2003), ''[[Man About Dog]]'' (2004), ''[[Michael Collins (film)|Michael Collins]]'' (1996), ''[[Angela's Ashes (film)|Angela's Ashes]]'' (1999), ''[[The Commitments (film)|The Commitments]]'' (1991), ''[[Once (film)|Once]]'' (2007), ''[[Notorious (2017 film)|Notorious]]'' (2017) and ''[[The Quiet Girl]]'' (2022). ''[[Mrs. Brown's Boys D'Movie]]'' (2014) holds the record for the biggest gross on the opening day of an Irish film in Ireland<ref name="buoy">{{cite news |url=http://bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-28110580 |title=Mrs Brown's Boys D'Movie buoys UK and Ireland box office |date=1 July 2014 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=4 July 2014}}</ref> while ''Notorious'' (2017) holds the record for highest grossing Irish documentary of all time.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
Ireland has a high rate of cinema admissions (the highest in Europe). The biggest multiplex chain in the country is [[Ward Anderson]] (owners of the Cineplex, Omniplex, and Savoy brands), with other cinemas being owned by United Cinemas International, Cineworld (formerly UGC Cinemas), and Vue (formerly Ster Century). In Autumn 2005, a new multiplex cinema chain, Movies@, entered the market, opening its first cinema in [[Dundrum]], with [[Galway]] and [[Swords, Dublin|Swords]] sites to come. There is also a large video rental market, dominated by [[Xtravision]], a subsidiary of [[Blockbuster Video]].


In the past many films were censored or banned, owing largely to the influence of the Catholic Church with films including ''[[The Great Dictator]]'' (1940), ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]'' (1971) and ''[[Life of Brian]]'' (1979) being banned at various times,<ref>[http://irishpost.co.uk/ten-films-that-ireland-banned "Ten films that Ireland banned under the 1923 Censorship Act,"] ''The Irish Post'', 2015</ref> although virtually no cuts or bans have been issued in recent years, one as of August 2006. The [[Irish Film Classification Office]] policy is that of personal choice for the viewer, considering his job to examine and classify films rather than censor them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmireland.net/98/filmcensor.htm |title=John Kelleher |access-date=2009-10-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821122946/http://www.filmireland.net/98/filmcensor.htm |archive-date=2008-08-21 }}<!-- weak source--></ref><ref>{{cite web
The first cinema in Ireland (the Volta) was opened by [[James Joyce]] in [[1909]]. [[Ardmore Studios]] was the first Irish studio, opening in [[1958]] in [[Bray]], [[County Wicklow]]. The Irish Film Board was set up in [[1981]] to boost the local industry.
|url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/film-cinema/censor-calls-cut-on-moral-guardian-role-1259278.html |title=Censor calls 'cut' on moral guardian role |author=Breda Heffernan |date=January 7, 2008 |publisher=[[The Irish Independent]] }}</ref>


== Ireland as a location ==
==List of Irish films==
The first fictional film shot in Ireland was [[Kalem Company|Kalem Company's]] ''[[The Lad from Old Ireland]]'' (1910), which was also the first American film shot on location outside the United States. It was directed by [[Sidney Olcott]], who returned the next year to shoot over a dozen films primarily in the small village of [[Beaufort, County Kerry]]. Olcott intended to start a permanent studio in Beaufort, but the outbreak of World War I prevented him from doing so.<ref name="StoryOfIrishFilm">{{cite book |last=Flynn |first=Arthur |date=2005 |title=The Story of Irish Film |location=Dublin |publisher=Currach Press |pages=16–18 |isbn=9781856079143}}</ref>


The Irish government was one of the first in Europe to see the potential benefit to the exchequer of having a competitive tax incentive for investment in film and television, making use of a revised and improved version of its Section 481 tax incentive in 2015 which gives production companies a tax credit rate of 32% when making certain films.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/special-reports/business-ireland-magazine/entertainment-value-1.3134179 |title=Entertainment value |publisher=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> Other countries have recognized the success of Ireland's incentive scheme and matched it or introduced a more competitive tax incentive. After a long lobbying process, significant improvements were introduced to the Section 481 relief for investment in film projects in 2009 to boost employment in the industry and help re-establish Ireland as an attractive global location for film and television production.<ref name="O’Flanagan"/>
See also [[List of films set in Ireland]]


Kevin Moriarty, managing director of [[Ardmore Studios]] in [[County Wicklow]], believes Ireland is an attractive film location as there is now recognition for the quality of the output of the Irish film industry and a perception that Ireland is a viable film destination.<ref name="O’Flanagan"/>
*''[[About Adam]]'' (2000)
*''[[Acceptable Levels]]'' (1983)
*''[[The Actors]]'' (2003)
*''[[Adam and Paul]]'' (2004)
*''[[A Further Gesture]]'' (1996)
*''[[A Man of No Importance]]'' (1994)
*''[[Angel (1982 film)|Angel]]'' (1982)
*''[[Angela's Ashes (film)|Angela's Ashes]]'' (1999)
*''[[Anne Devlin (film)|Anne Devlin]] (1984)
*''[[A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (film)|A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man]]'' (1979)
*''[[Beckett on Film]]'' (2001; a series of short films of Beckett's 19 plays)
*''[[The Bishop's Story]]'' (1995)
*''[[Bloody Sunday (movie)|Bloody Sunday]]'' (2002)
*''[[Bloom (movie)|Bloom]]'' (2003)
*''[[Bogwoman]]'' (1997; TV film)
*''[[The Boxer (film)|The Boxer]]'' (1997)
*''[[The Boy from Mercury]]'' (1996)
*''[[Breakfast on Pluto]]'' (2005)
*''[[The Butcher Boy]]'' (1997)
*''[[Circle of Friends]]'' (1995)
*''[[The Commitments (film)|The Commitments]]'' (1991)
*''[[The Courier (film)|The Courier]]'' (1988)
*''[[Cowboys and Angels]]'' (2003)
*''[[Dancing at Lughnasa]]'' (1998)
*''[[The Dawn (film)|The Dawn]]'' (1938)
*''[[The Dead (1987 film)|The Dead]]'' (1987)
*''[[Dead Bodies]]'' (2003)
*''[[Dead Meat]]'' (2004)
*''[[December Bride]]'' (1990)
*''[[Dementia 13]]'' (1963)
*''[[Disco Pigs]]'' (2001)
*''[[Down the Corner]]'' (1977)
*''[[Eat the Peach]]'' (1986)
*''[[The Eliminator]]'' (1996)
*''[[The Fantasist]] (1986)
*''[[Felicia's Journey]]'' (1999)
*''[[The Field]]'' (1990)
*''[[Fudge 44]]'' (2006)
*''[[The General (1998 film)|The General]]'' (1998)
*''[[Guiltrip]]'' (1995)
*''[[H3]]'' (2001)
*''[[Hear My Song]]'' (1991)
*''[[High Boot Benny]]'' (1994)
*''[[Holy Cross (TV film)|Holy Cross]]'' (2003; TV film)
*''[[How To Cheat In The Leaving Certificate]]'' (1997)
*''[[In America]]'' (2002)
*''[[Inside I'm Dancing]]'' (2004)
*''[[Intermission (film)|Intermission]]'' (2003)
*''[[In the Name of the Father]]'' (1993)
*''[[Irish Destiny]]'' (1926)
*''[[I Went Down]]'' (1997)
*''[[Knocknagow]]'' (1918)
*''[[Korea (1995 film)|Korea]]'' (1995)
*''[[The Lad From Old Ireland]]'' (1910)
*''[[The Last September]]'' (1999)
*''[[The Magdalene Sisters]]'' (2002)
*''[[Maeve (film)|Maeve]]'' (1982)
*''[[Man About Dog]]'' (2004)
*''[[Michael Collins (film)|Michael Collins]] (1996)
*''[[Mickybo and Me]]'' (2004)
*''[[The Mighty Celt]]'' (2005)
*''[[The Miracle (1991 film)|The Miracle]]'' (1991
*''[[Mother Machree]]'' (1928)
*''[[My Left Foot (film)|My Left Foot]]'' (1989)
*''[[The Nephew]]'' (1998)
*''[[Nora (film)|Nora]]'' (2000)
*''[[Nothing Personal]]'' (1995)
*''[[Omagh (film)|Omagh]]'' (2004)
*''[[Ordinary Decent Criminal]]'' (2000)
*''[[Pavee Lackeen (film)|Pavee Lackeen]]'' (2005)
*''[[Pete's Meteor]]'' (1998)
*''[[The Playboys (film)|The Playboys]]'' (1992)
*''[[Poitín (Film)]]'' (1977)
*''[[Puckoon (film)]]'' (2002)
*''[[Quackser Fortune has a cousin in the Bronx (film)]]'' (1970)
*''[[Rat (film)|Rat]]'' (2000)
*''[[Reefer and the Model]]'' (1987)
*''[[The Run of the Country]]'' (1995)
*''[[Saltwater (film)|Saltwater]]'' (2000)
*''[[The Secret of Roan Inish]]'' (1994)
*''[[Shake Hands With the Devil]]'' (1959)
*''[[The Snapper (film)|The Snapper]]'' (1993)
*''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996)
*''[[Six Shooter (film)|Six Shooter]]'' (2005; Short Film)
*''[[Sunday (2002 film)|Sunday]]'' (2002)
*''[[This Is the Sea (film)|This is the Sea]]'' (1997)
*''[[Traveller (1981 film)|Traveller]]'' (1981)
*''[[Trojan Eddie]]'' (1996)
*''[[Ulysses (film)|Ulysses]]'' (1967)
*''[[The Van (1996 film)|The Van]]'' (1996)
*''[[Veronica Guerin (film)|Veronica Guerin]]'' (2003)
*''[[Vicious Circle (1999 film)|Vicious Circle]]'' (1999;TV film)
*''[[When Brendan Met Trudy]]'' (2000)
*''[[When the Sky Falls]]'' (2000)
*''[[Widow's Peak]]'' (1994)
*''[[Wild About Harry]]'' (2000)
*''[[Willie Reilley and His Colleen Bawn]]'' (1918)
*''[[The Wind That Shakes the Barley (film)|The Wind That Shakes the Barley]] (2006)
*''[[Zombie Genocide]]'' (1993)


Prominent films that have been filmed in Ireland include ''[[The Quiet Man]]'' (1952), ''[[The Lion in Winter (1968 film)|The Lion in Winter]]'' (1968), ''[[The First Great Train Robbery]]'' (1979), ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), ''[[Reign of Fire (film)|Reign of Fire]]'' (2002), ''[[King Arthur (2004 film)|King Arthur]]'' (2004), ''[[The Guard (2011 film)|The Guard]]'' (2011), ''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]'' (2015), and ''[[Star Wars: The Last Jedi]]'' (2017).
==List of Irish Filmmakers==


== Cinemas in Ireland ==
* [[Steve Barron]]
[[File:The Ambassador Cinema - Dublin (2812568574).jpg|thumb|The [[Ambassador Cinema]] was in use, on and off, as a cinema from about 1910 to 1999, and is now a music venue at the top of O'Connell Street, Dublin.]]
* [[David Caffrey]]
The first cinema in Ireland, the ''[[Volta Cinematograph|Volta]]'', was opened at 45 Mary Street, Dublin, in 1909 by the novelist [[James Joyce]].<ref name=RockettGibbonsHill>{{cite book |last=Rockett |first=Kevin |title=Cinema and Ireland |year=1987 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780709942160 |pages=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N98OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA5 |author2=Luke Gibbons |author3=John Hill }}</ref>
* [[Joe Comerford]]

* [[Barry Dignam]]
Ireland has a high rate of cinema admissions (the highest in Europe).{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}
* [[Paul Duane]]

* [[Martin Duffy]]
There are several cinema chains operating in Ireland. Among them are [[ODEON Cinemas]] (formerly [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]]/Storm Cinemas), [[Ward Anderson|Omniplex]], IMC Cinemas (Both Omniplex and IMC are owned by the [[Ward Anderson]] group), [[Cineworld]], [[Vue (cinema)|Vue]] and Movies@Cinemas.
* [[Alan Gilsenan]]

* [[Rex Ingram]]
== Studios ==
* [[Graham Jones]]
[[Ardmore Studios]] was the first Irish studio, opening in 1958 in [[Bray, County Wicklow|Bray]], [[County Wicklow]].
* [[Neil Jordan]]

* [[Kevin McClory]]
== Animated films ==
* [[Roy William Neill]]
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}
* [[Damien O'Donnell]]
Ireland has been home to several noteworthy producers of [[animated film]]s in recent years. [[Sullivan Bluth Studios]] was opened in 1979 as Don Bluth Productions, with its primary location in [[Dublin]], to produce animated films by director [[Don Bluth]] and producer [[Morris Sullivan]]. Some films produced at Sullivan Bluth's Irish studio include 1988's ''[[The Land Before Time (film)|The Land Before Time]]'', 1989's ''[[All Dogs Go to Heaven]]'' (co-produced with UK-based [[Goldcrest Films]]) and 1991's ''[[Rock-a-Doodle]]''. Many of these films competed favourably with productions by [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Pictures]] at the time. However, following a number of box-office flops in the early to mid-1990s, including 1994's ''[[Thumbelina (1994 film)|Thumbelina]]'' and ''[[A Troll in Central Park]]'' and 1995's ''[[The Pebble and the Penguin]]'', the studio soon declared bankruptcy and was closed in 1995.
* [[Michael O'Herlihy]]

* [[Bob Quinn (Irish filmmaker)|Bob Quinn]]
Today, Ireland has a number of animation studios that produce television and commercial animation, as well as feature films and co-productions. [[Cartoon Saloon]], founded in 1999 by Paul Young and [[Tomm Moore]], is among the most prolific. It has produced the award-winning TV series ''[[Skunk Fu!]]'' as well as a feature film, 2009's ''[[The Secret of Kells]]'', animated primarily with Traditional paper and pencil hand drawn animation and detailing a fictitious account of the creation of the [[Book of Kells]]. The film was nominated at the [[82nd Academy Awards]] for [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature|Best Animated Feature]]. Since then, Cartoon Saloon had released a slate of critically acclaimed animated films such as ''[[Song of the Sea (2014 film)|Song of the Sea]]'', released in 2014.,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1865505/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |title="Song of the Sea" (2014) |website=IMDb |access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref> ''[[The Breadwinner (film)|The Breadwinner]]'' released in 2017 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3901826/ |title="The Breadwinner" (2017) |website=IMDb |access-date=6 September 2021}}</ref> and ''[[Wolfwalkers]]'' in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5198068/ |title="Wolfwalkers" (2020) |website=IMDb |access-date=6 September 2021}}</ref>
* [[Jim Sheridan]]

* [[David Gleeson]]
== Legislation ==
* [[Kirsten Sheridan]]
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2011}}
* [[Gerard Stembridge]]
[[File:PILOTS RICHTHOFEN & BROWN 1970.jpg|thumb|Irish Air Corps pilots filming Roger Corman's [[Von Richthofen and Brown]], 1970. Lynn Garrison second from right, front row]]
* [[John McDonnell]]
The Film Act of 1980 set the foundation for an expanding Irish-based film industry. It provided, among other things, very advantageous tax advantages for film productions and resident foreign creative individuals. A number of world-renowned writers, including Len Deighton, Frederick Forsyth, and Richard Condon took advantage of the allowances, residing in Ireland for a number of years. The Film Act was the result of an initial collaboration between the [[Taoiseach]], [[Jack Lynch]], and [[Lynn Garrison]], an aerial film director who shared a [[semi-detached]] house with Lynch. The Film Act became the basis for other national film acts throughout Europe and America.

== Irish Film Board ==
Bord Scannán na hÉireann/the Irish Film Board (IFB) is the national development agency for the Irish film industry investing in talent, creativity and enterprise. The agency supports and promotes the Irish film industry and the use of Ireland as a location for international production.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Irish Film Board |publisher=[[Irish Film Board]] |url=http://www.irishfilmboard.ie/about/About_Us/1 |access-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701080752/http://irishfilmboard.ie/about/About_Us/1 |archive-date=2009-07-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Irish Film Board was set up in 1981 to boost the local industry, and one of its earliest supported projects was ''[[The Outcasts (1982 film)|The Outcasts]]'' in 1982.<ref name="Robert Wynne Simmons website" >{{cite web |url=http://www.robertwynne-simmons.co.uk/outcasts.html |title=The Outcasts, a film from Irish Folklore and Myth |first=Derek |last=Brown |website=www.robertwynne-simmons.co.uk |access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> After the infamous closure of the [[Irish Film Board]] in 1987, Irish stories and filmmakers continued to break through with considerable international success ''My Left Foot'' (Jim Sheridan), ''The Crying Game'' (Neil Jordan), ''The Commitments'' (Alan Parker) all made with non-Irish finance. The success of these projects coupled with intensive local lobbying led to the re-establishment of the Irish Film Board in 1993.

Many film critics point to the fact that the Irish Film Board's output has been poor, as most films which are chosen for funding do little or no business outside of the country, and are rarely popular in Ireland. However, IFB funded films like ''Intermission'', ''I Went Down'', ''Man About Dog'', ''The Wind That Shakes The Barley'', and ''Adam & Paul'' have proved popular with domestic audiences and have all done respectable business in Irish cinemas.<ref>{{cite web |title =Distribution is Key to Success |publisher=[[Sunday Business Post]]| date =2009-04-26 |url=http://www.thepost.ie/includes_live/commercialpages/2009_04_26The_irish_film_industry_feature.pdf |access-date=2009-08-18}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Both the Oscar-winning film ''Once'' and the Palme d'Or winner ''The Wind That Shakes the Barley'' have experienced international success over the last couple of years. ''Once'', which was made on a shoestring budget, took over $10 million at the US box office and over $20 million in worldwide ticket sales, while ''The Wind That Shakes the Barley'' was distributed theatrically in 40 territories worldwide.<ref name="IFB 05-09review">{{cite web |title=Irish Film Industry Review 2005-2009 |publisher=[[Irish Film Board]] |date=2009-04-26 |url=http://www.irishfilmboard.ie/files/reports/IFB_Review_Web.pdf |access-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602030650/http://www.irishfilmboard.ie/files/reports/IFB_Review_Web.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Over the last four years Irish films have screened and won awards at the top international film festivals including Cannes, Sundance, Berlin, Toronto, Venice, London, Tribeca, Edinburgh and Pusan.<ref name="IFB 05-09review"/>

''The Wind That Shakes The Barley'' won the prestigious Palme d'Or award for Best Film at the Cannes Film Festival in 2006, while ''Garage'', directed by Lenny Abrahamson, picked up the CICEA Award at the Directors Fortnight at the festival in 2007. After winning the Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival in 2007, ''Once'' went on to win the Best Foreign Film prize at the Independent Spirit Awards in 2008 and an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The Irish short film ''Six Shooter'' won the Academy Award for Best Short Film in 2006 while the short film ''New Boy'' was nominated for the same award in 2009.<ref name="IFB 05-09review"/>

In 2009 a record seven IFB funded films (''Ondine'', ''Perrier’s Bounty'', ''Triage'', ''A Shine of Rainbows'', ''Eamon'', ''Cracks'', and ''Colony'') had officially been selected for the Toronto International Film Festival.<ref>{{cite news |last=Battles |first=Jan |title=Record Number of Irish Films at Festival |publisher=[[Sunday Times]] |date=2009-08-16 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/ireland/article6797916.ece |access-date=2009-08-18 |location=London}}</ref>

Tony Keily has criticised the board's insistence on funding "uncommercial commercial cinema".<ref>{{cite web |title=What do you mean when you say "initiative"? |publisher=[[Film Ireland]] |date=2008-02-13 |url=http://www.filmireland.net/104/tonyk.htm |access-date=2008-03-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117083645/http://www.filmireland.net/104/tonyk.htm |archive-date=2007-11-17 }}</ref> Paul Melia has also criticised the IFB over its slowness in awarding funding.<ref>{{cite news |last=Melia |first=Paul |title=Aspiring directors 'not making the cut for funding' |publisher=[[Irish Independent]] |date=2005-07-11 |url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/aspiring-directors-not-making-the-cut-for-funding-249075.html |access-date=2008-03-09 }}</ref>

The Minister for Arts, Sports and Tourism Martin Cullen addressed the issue of commercial success recently saying that “The film board offers the chance to make films for a small audience and not necessarily for big commercial success but which have real quality. That offers opportunity to people who can go on to make their mark. Whether that is the actors, the director or crew, many of the people who work on those films wouldn’t go on to success unless they had been given their first chance here. People can only get experience by giving them the opportunity”.<ref name="O’Flanagan"/>

== 2005 Top 10 poll ==
In 2005 a Jameson Whiskey-sponsored poll selected the top 10 Irish films: the results are below.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Best Irish Films of All Time |work=Press release: 2005 Jameson Whiskey poll |publisher=[[Irish Distillers]] |date=2005-07-14 |url=http://www.thecommitments.net/pdf_files/best_film.pdf |access-date=2008-03-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051219220507/http://www.thecommitments.net/pdf_files/best_film.pdf |archive-date=2005-12-19 }}</ref>

# ''[[The Commitments (film)|The Commitments]]'' (1991)
# ''[[My Left Foot]]'' (1989)
# ''[[In the Name of the Father (film)|In the Name of the Father]]'' (1993)
# ''[[The Quiet Man]]'' (1952)
# ''[[The Snapper (film)|The Snapper]]'' (1993)
# ''[[Michael Collins (film)|Michael Collins]]'' (1996)
# ''[[The Field (1990 film)|The Field]]'' (1990)
# ''[[Intermission (film)|Intermission]]'' (2003)
# ''[[Veronica Guerin (film)|Veronica Guerin]]'' (2003)
# ''[[Inside I'm Dancing]]'' (2004)

== Irish Film & Television Awards ==
The [[Irish Film and Television Awards]] have been awarded since 1999, and in their current form since 2003. The Best Irish Film award winners have been:
* 2003: ''[[Intermission (film)|Intermission]]''
* 2004: ''[[Omagh (film)|Omagh]]''
* 2005: ''[[Inside I'm Dancing]]''
* 2007: ''[[The Wind That Shakes the Barley (film)|The Wind That Shakes the Barley]]''
* 2008: ''[[Garage (film)|Garage]]''
* 2009: ''[[Hunger (2008 film)|Hunger]]''
* 2010: ''[[The Eclipse (2009 film)|The Eclipse]]''
* 2011: ''[[As If I Am Not There]]''
* 2012: ''[[The Guard (2011 film)|The Guard]]''
* 2013: ''[[What Richard Did]]''
* 2014: ''[[Calvary (2014 film)|Calvary]]''
* 2015: ''[[Song of the Sea (2014 film)|Song of the Sea]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://entertainment.ie/cinema/news/The-IFTA-2015-Winners-List-Jim-Sheridan-Domhnall-Gleeson-Julianne-Moore-LoveHate/365360.htm |title=The IFTA 2015 Winners' List |date=May 24, 2015 |website=[[entertainment.ie]] |access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref>
* 2016: ''[[Room (2015 film)|Room]]''
* 2017: ''[[A Date for Mad Mary]]''
* 2018: ''[[Michael Inside]]''<ref>[https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2018/0215/941063-victoria-smurfit-liam-cunningham-among-ifta-winners/ Irish stars savour their IFTA wins] RTÉ News 2018-02-15.</ref>
* 2019: ''[[Ordinary Love (film)|Ordinary Love]]''<ref name="virtual-2020">[https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2020/1018/1172368-winners-accept-awards-virtually-at-iftas-2020/ Winners accept awards virtually at Irish Film and Television Awards 2020] RTÉ News, 2020-10-18. Quote: "Ordinary Love ... won the IFTA 2020 for Best Film which was awarded by legendary Hollywood director Martin Scorsese. He also presented the Best Film 2019 IFTA to Black '47."</ref>
* 2020: ''[[Black '47]]''<ref name="virtual-2020"/>
* 2021: ''[[Wolfwalkers]]''
* 2022: ''[[The Quiet Girl|An Cailín Ciúin]]''
* 2023: ''[[The Banshees of Inisherin]]''
* 2024: ''[[That They May Face the Rising Sun (film)| That They May Face the Rising Sun]]''

== See also ==
{{portal|Film|Ireland}}
* [[Galway Film Fleadh]]
* [[Dublin International Film Festival]]
* [[:Category:Irish-language films|Irish-language films]]
* [[List of films set in Ireland]]
* [[List of Irish films]]
* [[List of Irish film directors]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* [[Bob Quinn (filmmaker)|Quinn, Bob]] (1980), ''Celtic Cinema and the Irish Experience'', in Bold, Christine (ed.), ''[[Cencrastus]]'' No. 3, Summer 1980, pp.&nbsp;11 & 12.

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Irish_Film_and_Television_Awards/ IFTA on IMDB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622095531/http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Irish_Film_and_Television_Awards/ |date=2009-06-22 }}
* [http://www.irishfilmboard.ie Irish Film Board]
* [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/36/enacted/en/print Irish Film Board Act 1980]
* [http://www.irishfilm.ie Irish Film Institute]
* [http://www.ifta.ie/ The Irish Film & Television Awards website]
* [http://www.iftn.ie Irish Film & Television Network]
* [http://www.irishfilm.net The Irish in Film]

{{Cinemas of Dublin}}
{{Worldcinema}}
{{Worldcinema}}
{{Europe in topic|Cinema of}}


[[Category:Cinema of Ireland]]
{{Ireland topics}}{{Economy of Ireland}}
[[Category:Cinema of Ireland| ]]

Latest revision as of 09:02, 7 May 2024

This article is about film in the Republic of Ireland. For film in Northern Ireland, see Cinema of Northern Ireland.

Cinema of Ireland
No. of screens537 (2019)[1]
 • Per capita11.0 per 100,000 (2011)[1]
Main distributorsWarner Bros. 18.4%
Paramount 16.2%
Universal 12.1%[2]
Produced feature films (2011)[3]
Fictional20
Animated2
Documentary10
Number of admissions (2011)[5]
Total16,350,000
 • Per capita3.6 (2010)[4]
National films640,000 (3.9%)
Gross box office (2011)[5]
Total€112 million
National films€4.4 million (3.9%)

The Irish film industry has grown somewhat in recent years thanks partly to the promotion of the sector by Fís Éireann/Screen Ireland and the introduction of heavy tax breaks. According to the Irish Audiovisual Content Production Sector Review carried out by the Irish Film Board and PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2008 this sector, has gone from 1,000 people employed six or seven years ago, to well over 6,000 people in that sector now and is valued at over €557.3 million and represents 0.3% of GDP.[6] Most films are produced in English as Ireland is largely Anglophone, though some productions are made in Irish either wholly or partially.

According to an article in Variety magazine spotlighting Irish cinema, a decade ago[when?] the Republic of Ireland had only two filmmakers anyone had heard of: Neil Jordan and Jim Sheridan.[citation needed] As of 2010, the Republic of Ireland can boast more than a dozen directors and writers with significant and growing international reputations. Ireland is now achieving critical mass of filmmaking talent to match the kind of influence, disproportionate to its small size, that it has always enjoyed in the fields of literature and theatre. Following in the footsteps of Sheridan and Jordan comes a generation that includes such directors as Lenny Abrahamson, Conor McPherson, John Crowley, Martin McDonagh, John Michael McDonagh, John Carney, Kirsten Sheridan, Lance Daly, Paddy Breathnach and Damien O'Donnell and writers such as Mark O'Rowe, Enda Walsh and Mark O'Halloran.[7]

Former Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism Martin Cullen (2008–2010) said that “the film industry is the cornerstone of a smart and creative digital economy”.[8] But as well as the concrete economic benefits that the Irish film industry brings in by way of cash investment from overseas and the associated VAT, PAYE and PRSI receipts, it has been noted that there are the soft benefits in terms of the development and projection of the Irish culture and the promotion of tourism.[9]

Some of the most successful Irish films include The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006), Intermission (2003), Man About Dog (2004), Michael Collins (1996), Angela's Ashes (1999), The Commitments (1991), Once (2007), Notorious (2017) and The Quiet Girl (2022). Mrs. Brown's Boys D'Movie (2014) holds the record for the biggest gross on the opening day of an Irish film in Ireland[10] while Notorious (2017) holds the record for highest grossing Irish documentary of all time.[citation needed]

In the past many films were censored or banned, owing largely to the influence of the Catholic Church with films including The Great Dictator (1940), A Clockwork Orange (1971) and Life of Brian (1979) being banned at various times,[11] although virtually no cuts or bans have been issued in recent years, one as of August 2006. The Irish Film Classification Office policy is that of personal choice for the viewer, considering his job to examine and classify films rather than censor them.[12][13]

Ireland as a location[edit]

The first fictional film shot in Ireland was Kalem Company's The Lad from Old Ireland (1910), which was also the first American film shot on location outside the United States. It was directed by Sidney Olcott, who returned the next year to shoot over a dozen films primarily in the small village of Beaufort, County Kerry. Olcott intended to start a permanent studio in Beaufort, but the outbreak of World War I prevented him from doing so.[14]

The Irish government was one of the first in Europe to see the potential benefit to the exchequer of having a competitive tax incentive for investment in film and television, making use of a revised and improved version of its Section 481 tax incentive in 2015 which gives production companies a tax credit rate of 32% when making certain films.[15] Other countries have recognized the success of Ireland's incentive scheme and matched it or introduced a more competitive tax incentive. After a long lobbying process, significant improvements were introduced to the Section 481 relief for investment in film projects in 2009 to boost employment in the industry and help re-establish Ireland as an attractive global location for film and television production.[8]

Kevin Moriarty, managing director of Ardmore Studios in County Wicklow, believes Ireland is an attractive film location as there is now recognition for the quality of the output of the Irish film industry and a perception that Ireland is a viable film destination.[8]

Prominent films that have been filmed in Ireland include The Quiet Man (1952), The Lion in Winter (1968), The First Great Train Robbery (1979), Excalibur (1981), Braveheart (1995), Reign of Fire (2002), King Arthur (2004), The Guard (2011), Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015), and Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017).

Cinemas in Ireland[edit]

The Ambassador Cinema was in use, on and off, as a cinema from about 1910 to 1999, and is now a music venue at the top of O'Connell Street, Dublin.

The first cinema in Ireland, the Volta, was opened at 45 Mary Street, Dublin, in 1909 by the novelist James Joyce.[16]

Ireland has a high rate of cinema admissions (the highest in Europe).[citation needed]

There are several cinema chains operating in Ireland. Among them are ODEON Cinemas (formerly UCI/Storm Cinemas), Omniplex, IMC Cinemas (Both Omniplex and IMC are owned by the Ward Anderson group), Cineworld, Vue and Movies@Cinemas.

Studios[edit]

Ardmore Studios was the first Irish studio, opening in 1958 in Bray, County Wicklow.

Animated films[edit]

Ireland has been home to several noteworthy producers of animated films in recent years. Sullivan Bluth Studios was opened in 1979 as Don Bluth Productions, with its primary location in Dublin, to produce animated films by director Don Bluth and producer Morris Sullivan. Some films produced at Sullivan Bluth's Irish studio include 1988's The Land Before Time, 1989's All Dogs Go to Heaven (co-produced with UK-based Goldcrest Films) and 1991's Rock-a-Doodle. Many of these films competed favourably with productions by Walt Disney Pictures at the time. However, following a number of box-office flops in the early to mid-1990s, including 1994's Thumbelina and A Troll in Central Park and 1995's The Pebble and the Penguin, the studio soon declared bankruptcy and was closed in 1995.

Today, Ireland has a number of animation studios that produce television and commercial animation, as well as feature films and co-productions. Cartoon Saloon, founded in 1999 by Paul Young and Tomm Moore, is among the most prolific. It has produced the award-winning TV series Skunk Fu! as well as a feature film, 2009's The Secret of Kells, animated primarily with Traditional paper and pencil hand drawn animation and detailing a fictitious account of the creation of the Book of Kells. The film was nominated at the 82nd Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature. Since then, Cartoon Saloon had released a slate of critically acclaimed animated films such as Song of the Sea, released in 2014.,[17] The Breadwinner released in 2017 [18] and Wolfwalkers in 2020.[19]

Legislation[edit]

Irish Air Corps pilots filming Roger Corman's Von Richthofen and Brown, 1970. Lynn Garrison second from right, front row

The Film Act of 1980 set the foundation for an expanding Irish-based film industry. It provided, among other things, very advantageous tax advantages for film productions and resident foreign creative individuals. A number of world-renowned writers, including Len Deighton, Frederick Forsyth, and Richard Condon took advantage of the allowances, residing in Ireland for a number of years. The Film Act was the result of an initial collaboration between the Taoiseach, Jack Lynch, and Lynn Garrison, an aerial film director who shared a semi-detached house with Lynch. The Film Act became the basis for other national film acts throughout Europe and America.

Irish Film Board[edit]

Bord Scannán na hÉireann/the Irish Film Board (IFB) is the national development agency for the Irish film industry investing in talent, creativity and enterprise. The agency supports and promotes the Irish film industry and the use of Ireland as a location for international production.[20]

The Irish Film Board was set up in 1981 to boost the local industry, and one of its earliest supported projects was The Outcasts in 1982.[21] After the infamous closure of the Irish Film Board in 1987, Irish stories and filmmakers continued to break through with considerable international success My Left Foot (Jim Sheridan), The Crying Game (Neil Jordan), The Commitments (Alan Parker) all made with non-Irish finance. The success of these projects coupled with intensive local lobbying led to the re-establishment of the Irish Film Board in 1993.

Many film critics point to the fact that the Irish Film Board's output has been poor, as most films which are chosen for funding do little or no business outside of the country, and are rarely popular in Ireland. However, IFB funded films like Intermission, I Went Down, Man About Dog, The Wind That Shakes The Barley, and Adam & Paul have proved popular with domestic audiences and have all done respectable business in Irish cinemas.[22] Both the Oscar-winning film Once and the Palme d'Or winner The Wind That Shakes the Barley have experienced international success over the last couple of years. Once, which was made on a shoestring budget, took over $10 million at the US box office and over $20 million in worldwide ticket sales, while The Wind That Shakes the Barley was distributed theatrically in 40 territories worldwide.[23]

Over the last four years Irish films have screened and won awards at the top international film festivals including Cannes, Sundance, Berlin, Toronto, Venice, London, Tribeca, Edinburgh and Pusan.[23]

The Wind That Shakes The Barley won the prestigious Palme d'Or award for Best Film at the Cannes Film Festival in 2006, while Garage, directed by Lenny Abrahamson, picked up the CICEA Award at the Directors Fortnight at the festival in 2007. After winning the Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival in 2007, Once went on to win the Best Foreign Film prize at the Independent Spirit Awards in 2008 and an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The Irish short film Six Shooter won the Academy Award for Best Short Film in 2006 while the short film New Boy was nominated for the same award in 2009.[23]

In 2009 a record seven IFB funded films (Ondine, Perrier’s Bounty, Triage, A Shine of Rainbows, Eamon, Cracks, and Colony) had officially been selected for the Toronto International Film Festival.[24]

Tony Keily has criticised the board's insistence on funding "uncommercial commercial cinema".[25] Paul Melia has also criticised the IFB over its slowness in awarding funding.[26]

The Minister for Arts, Sports and Tourism Martin Cullen addressed the issue of commercial success recently saying that “The film board offers the chance to make films for a small audience and not necessarily for big commercial success but which have real quality. That offers opportunity to people who can go on to make their mark. Whether that is the actors, the director or crew, many of the people who work on those films wouldn’t go on to success unless they had been given their first chance here. People can only get experience by giving them the opportunity”.[8]

2005 Top 10 poll[edit]

In 2005 a Jameson Whiskey-sponsored poll selected the top 10 Irish films: the results are below.[27]

  1. The Commitments (1991)
  2. My Left Foot (1989)
  3. In the Name of the Father (1993)
  4. The Quiet Man (1952)
  5. The Snapper (1993)
  6. Michael Collins (1996)
  7. The Field (1990)
  8. Intermission (2003)
  9. Veronica Guerin (2003)
  10. Inside I'm Dancing (2004)

Irish Film & Television Awards[edit]

The Irish Film and Television Awards have been awarded since 1999, and in their current form since 2003. The Best Irish Film award winners have been:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure - Capacity". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  2. ^ "Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  3. ^ "Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  4. ^ "Cinema - Admissions per capita". Screen Australia. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  5. ^ a b "Table 11: Exhibition - Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  6. ^ "Irish Audiovisual Content Production Sector Review" (PDF). Irish Film Board. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-26.
  7. ^ Dawtry, Adam (2009-05-15). "Variety Spotlight: Irish Film Soars Past Old Limitations". Variety. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
  8. ^ a b c d O'Flanagan, Kate (2009-04-26). "Projecting a Positive Image" (PDF). Sunday Business Post. Retrieved 2009-08-18.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ "Lured by the Gift of Storytelling" (PDF). Sunday Business Post. 2009-04-26. Retrieved 2009-08-18.[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ "Mrs Brown's Boys D'Movie buoys UK and Ireland box office". BBC News. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  11. ^ "Ten films that Ireland banned under the 1923 Censorship Act," The Irish Post, 2015
  12. ^ "John Kelleher". Archived from the original on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
  13. ^ Breda Heffernan (January 7, 2008). "Censor calls 'cut' on moral guardian role". The Irish Independent.
  14. ^ Flynn, Arthur (2005). The Story of Irish Film. Dublin: Currach Press. pp. 16–18. ISBN 9781856079143.
  15. ^ "Entertainment value". Irish Times. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  16. ^ Rockett, Kevin; Luke Gibbons; John Hill (1987). Cinema and Ireland. Taylor & Francis. p. 5. ISBN 9780709942160.
  17. ^ ""Song of the Sea" (2014)". IMDb. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  18. ^ ""The Breadwinner" (2017)". IMDb. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  19. ^ ""Wolfwalkers" (2020)". IMDb. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  20. ^ "About the Irish Film Board". Irish Film Board. Archived from the original on 2009-07-01. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
  21. ^ Brown, Derek. "The Outcasts, a film from Irish Folklore and Myth". www.robertwynne-simmons.co.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  22. ^ "Distribution is Key to Success" (PDF). Sunday Business Post. 2009-04-26. Retrieved 2009-08-18.[permanent dead link]
  23. ^ a b c "Irish Film Industry Review 2005-2009" (PDF). Irish Film Board. 2009-04-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
  24. ^ Battles, Jan (2009-08-16). "Record Number of Irish Films at Festival". London: Sunday Times. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
  25. ^ "What do you mean when you say "initiative"?". Film Ireland. 2008-02-13. Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  26. ^ Melia, Paul (2005-07-11). "Aspiring directors 'not making the cut for funding'". Irish Independent. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  27. ^ "Top 10 Best Irish Films of All Time" (PDF). Press release: 2005 Jameson Whiskey poll. Irish Distillers. 2005-07-14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-12-19. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  28. ^ "The IFTA 2015 Winners' List". entertainment.ie. May 24, 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  29. ^ Irish stars savour their IFTA wins RTÉ News 2018-02-15.
  30. ^ a b Winners accept awards virtually at Irish Film and Television Awards 2020 RTÉ News, 2020-10-18. Quote: "Ordinary Love ... won the IFTA 2020 for Best Film which was awarded by legendary Hollywood director Martin Scorsese. He also presented the Best Film 2019 IFTA to Black '47."

Further reading[edit]

  • Quinn, Bob (1980), Celtic Cinema and the Irish Experience, in Bold, Christine (ed.), Cencrastus No. 3, Summer 1980, pp. 11 & 12.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Ireland&oldid=1222677804"