Dildarnagar Fatehpur Bazar and Lubbock, Texas: Difference between pages

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{{redirect|Lubbock}}
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
{{Infobox Settlement
native_name = Dildarnagar Fatehpur Bazar |
|official_name = City of Lubbock, Texas
type = towan |
|settlement_type = [[City]]
latd = | longd = |
|nickname = Hub City
state_name = Uttar Pradesh |
|motto = The Giant Side of Texas
district = [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]] |
|image_skyline = Downtown Lubbock from I-27 2005-09-10.jpeg
leader_title = |
|imagesize =
leader_name = |
|image_caption = Downtown Lubbock in 2005
altitude = |
|image_flag =
population_as_of = 2001 |
|image_seal = Lubbock_tx_city_logo.png
population_total = 11,409|
|image_map = TXMap-doton-Lubbock.PNG
population_density = |
|mapsize = 250px
area_magnitude= sq. 2km |
|map_caption = Location within the state of [[Texas]]
area_total = |
|image_map1 = Lubbock County Lubbock.svg
area_telephone = 2515 no |
|mapsize1 = 250px
postal_code = |
|map_caption1 =
vehicle_code_range = UP60|
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
sex_ratio = male 62% female 38%|
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
unlocode = |
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
website = |
|subdivision_name1 = [[Texas]]
footnotes = |
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Lubbock County, Texas|Lubbock]]
|government_type =
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = [[Tom Martin (politics)|Tom Martin]]
|established_date = 1890
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_total_km2 = 297.6
|area_land_km2 = 297.4
|area_water_km2 = 0.3
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_metro = 261411
|population_total = 212169
|population_density_km2 = 704.7
|timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|elevation_ft = 3202
|latd = 33 |latm = 33 |lats = 53 |latNS = N
|longd = 101 |longm = 52 |longs = 40 |longEW = W
|area_total_sq_mi = 114.9
|area_land_sq_mi = 114.8
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.1
|elevation_m = 992.4
|website = [http://www.ci.lubbock.tx.us www.ci.lubbock.tx.us]
|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|area_code = [[Area code 806|806]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 48-45000{{GR|2}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1374760{{GR|3}}
|footnotes = |
}}
}}

'''Dildarnagar Fatehpur Bazar''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Ghazipur district]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].
'''Lubbock''' ({{IPAEng|'lʌbək}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| encyclopedia = [[Merriam-Webster Dictionary]]| title = Lubbock| url = http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/lubbock| accessdate = 2006-11-09| edition = Online| year = 2006| publisher = Merriam-Webster Incorporated}}</ref>) is an [[United States of America|American]] city in the [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Texas]]. Located in the [[West Texas|northwestern]] part of the state, a region known historically as the [[Llano Estacado]], it is the [[county seat]] of [[Lubbock County, Texas|Lubbock County]], and the home of [[Texas Tech University]]. According to an estimate by the [[U.S. Census]] in 2006, the city population was 212,169, making it the 90th largest city in the United States and the 12th largest in Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2006-01.csv|title=Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2006 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2007-12-18}}</ref> The [[Lubbock metropolitan area]] has a population of 261,411.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-48.csv | title = Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for Counties of Texas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 | format = [[comma-separated values|CSV]] | work = 2006 Population Estimates | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division | date = [[2007-03-22]] | accessdate = 2007-05-23}}</ref>

Lubbock's nickname is the "Hub City" which derives from being the economy, education, and health care hub of a multi-county region commonly called the [[South Plains]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Media Resources| publisher = Lubbock Chamber of Commerce| year = 2006| url = http://www.lubbockchamber.com/media.htm| accessdate = 2006-11-09 }}</ref> The area is the largest contiguous [[cotton]]-growing region in the world<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ttuhsc.edu/laurawbushinstitute/lubbock/community.aspx|title=Lubbock Community|publisher=[[Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://agron.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/82/1/52|title=Cotton Management Strategies for a Short Growing Season Environment: Water-Nitrogen Considerations|publisher=''Agronomy Journal''|last=Morrow|first=M.R.|coauthors=Kreig, D.R.}}</ref> and is heavily dependent on [[irrigation]] water drawn from the [[Ogallala Aquifer]].

==History==
The county of Lubbock was founded in 1876, named after [[Thomas Saltus Lubbock]], a [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[colonel]] and member of the [[Terry's Texas Rangers]], a group of Texas volunteers for the Confederate Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/biographical_notes/l/lubbock_ts.htm|title=Thomas Saltus Lubbock|publisher=Online Archive of Terry's Texas Rangers}}</ref> As early as 1884, a federal post office named Lubbock existed in Yellowhouse Canyon. However, the town of Lubbock was not founded until 1890, when it was formed from a unique merger arrangement between two smaller towns, "Old Lubbock" and Monterey. The terms of the compromise included keeping the Lubbock name but the Monterey townsite, so the previous Old Lubbock residents relocated South to the Monterey location, including putting Old Lubbock's Nicolette Hotel on rollers and pulling it across a canyon to its new home. In 1891 Lubbock became the county seat and in 1909 was reincorporated as a city.

Texas Technological College (now [[Texas Tech University]]) has been a part of Lubbock since 1923. Its medical school, the [[Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]], opened in 1969. [[Lubbock Christian University]], founded in 1957, and [[Sunset International Bible Institute]], both affiliated with the [[Churches of Christ]], have their main campuses in the city. [[South Plains College]] and [[Wayland Baptist University]] operate branch campuses in Lubbock.

The city is home to the [[Lubbock Lake Landmark]], part of the [[Museum of Texas Tech University]]. The landmark is an archaeological and natural history preserve at the northern edge of the city. It shows evidence of almost twelve thousand years of human occupation in the region. Another part of the museum, the [[National Ranching Heritage Center]], houses historic ranch-related structures from the area.

In August 1951, a v-shaped formation of lights was seen over the city. The "[[Lubbock Lights]]" series of sightings received national publicity and is regarded as one of the first great [[UFO]] cases. The sightings were considered credible because they were witnessed by several respected science professors at Texas Technological College and were photographed by a Texas Tech student. The photographs were reprinted nationwide in newspapers and in ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine. [[Project Blue Book]], the US Air Force's official study of the UFO mystery, did an extensive investigation of the Lubbock Lights. They concluded that the photographs were not a hoax and showed genuine objects. However, they did dismiss the UFOs themselves as being either "night-flying moths" or a type of bird called a [[plover]]. The Air Force argued that the underside of the plovers or moths was reflected in the glow of Lubbock's new street lights at night. However, other researchers have disputed these explanations, and for many the "Lubbock Lights" remain a mystery.

On [[May 11]], [[1970]], the [[Lubbock Tornado]] struck the city. Twenty-six persons perished, and damage was estimated at $125 million. The downtown NTS Tower, then known as the Great Plains Life Building, at {{convert|271|ft|m}} in height, is believed to have been the tallest building ever to survive a direct hit from an [[Fujita scale|F5]] tornado.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061009180854/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lub/climate/Local_interest_events/LUB_tornado/lubtor.html|title=Lubbock, Texas|publisher=[[National Weather Service]] Forecast Office}}</ref>Then [[Mayor]] [[Jim Granberry]] and the Lubbock City Council, which included Granberry's successor as mayor, [[Morris W. Turner]], were charged with directing the task of rebuilding the downtown in the aftermath of the storm.

==Geography and climate==
Lubbock is located at {{coor dms|33|33|53|N|101|52|40|W|city}} (33.564735, -101.877793).{{GR|1}} The official elevation is {{convert|3256|ft|m}} above sea level, but stated figures range from 3195 to 3281.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.lubbock.tx.us/aboutLubbock.aspx|title=About Lubbock|accessdate=2007-12-18|publisher=The City of Lubbock}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usacitiesonline.com/txcountylubbock.htm|title=Lubbock, Texas Profile and Resource Guide|accessdate=2007-12-18|publisher=USA Cities Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/US/TX/Lubbock.html|title=Lubbock, Texas|accessdate=2007-12-18|publisher=[[Weather Underground (weather service)|Weather Underground]]}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 114.9&nbsp;square miles (297.6&nbsp;km²), of which, 114.8&nbsp;square miles (297.4&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 0.1&nbsp;square miles (0.3&nbsp;km²) of it (0.09%) is water.

Lubbock has a mild, [[semi-arid]] climate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lubbockworks.com/content/lubb_climate.shtml|title=Lubbock Climate|publisher=Lubbock Works}}</ref> On average, Lubbock receives 18 [[inches]] of rain and ten inches of snow per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lubbocktx.usachamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=2534|title=Lubbock at a Glance|publisher=Lubbock Chamber of Commerce}}</ref>

Summers in Lubbock are hot, although temperatures usually drop 30 degrees overnight, creating lows between {{convert|60|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and {{convert|70|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. Average high temperatures are about {{convert|90|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in June, July, and August. The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|114|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in 1994.<ref name="Averages">{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USTX0808|title=Monthly Averages for Lubbock, TX|publisher=[[The Weather Channel (United States)|The Weather Channel]]}}</ref>

Winter days in Lubbock are typically sunny and relatively mild, but nights are cold with temperatures dipping below freezing.<ref name="Averages" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arch.ttu.edu/intro/TTU-COA-2007-lubbockfacts.pdf|title=Facts About Lubbock, TX|accessdate=2007-12-18|publisher=Texas Tech University|format=PDF}}</ref>

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|location = Lubbock, Texas
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|accessdate =2008-01-12

}}<!--Infobox ends-->

==Law and government==
[[Image:Lubbock County Courthouse 1891.jpg|thumb|left|The first Lubbock County Courthouse was used from 1891-1916.]]
[[Image:Lubbock County Courthouse 1915.jpg|thumb|left|The second Lubbock County Courthouse remained open until 1968, though a third courthouse had been built in 1950.]]
Lubbock has a [[council-manager government]] system, with all governmental powers resting in a legislative body called a [[city council]]. The current mayor of Lubbock, elected [[May 9]], [[2008]], is Tom Martin.

Lubbock County and the City of Lubbock have an unusual legal situation regarding the sale of [[alcoholic beverage]]s. The county allows package sales but not "by the drink" sales except at private institutions such as [[country club]]s. Inside the Lubbock city limits, the situation is reversed with restaurants and bars able to serve alcohol but liquor stores forbidden. Lubbock remained legally dry until an election on April 9, 1972, made liquor by the drink, but not package sales, legal, and Lubbock abandoned its distinction as the largest dry city in the country.<ref name="holy_text">{{Handbook of Texas|id=LL/hdl4|name=Lubbock, Texas}}</ref> A privately owned conglomeration of liquor stores, called "The Strip", is located on [[U.S. Highway 87 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 87]]. Though within city limits, "The Strip" is exempt from the city's liquor laws.{{fact|date=January 2008}}

On [[November 21]], [[2006]], the Lubbock City Council voted 5-1 to annex "The Strip", making package alcohol sales legal within the city limits. There exist, however, significant barriers to entry for stores outside "The Strip" area to sell packaged alcohol. The new annexation will contribute a sales tax of 1.5%, or 10 cents for every 7 dollars, to the city. Due to state law, liquor sales will be limited to the newly annexed area.

==Economy==
The Lubbock area is the largest contiguous [[cotton]]-growing region in the world and is heavily dependent on [[irrigation]] water drawn from the [[Ogallala Aquifer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://education-portal.com/articles/Texas_Computer_Training_Institute_-_Lubbock.html|title= Texas Computer Training Institute - Lubbock|publisher=Education Portal}}</ref> However, the aquifer is being depleted at a rate that is not [[Sustainable agriculture|sustainable]] in the long term. Much progress has been made in the area of [[water conservation]] and new technologies such as [[Low Energy Precision Application]] (LEPA) irrigation were originally developed in the Lubbock area.

[[Adolph R. Hanslik]], who died in 2007 at the age of ninety, was called the "dean" of the Lubbock cotton industry, having worked for years to promote the [[export]] trade. Hanslik was also the largest contributor (through 2006) to the Texas Tech University Medical Center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kohm.org/blog/?p=1460#more-1460|title=Local Cotton Exporter, Philanthropist Dies|publisher=[[KOHM]]|last=Ginter|first=Derrick}}</ref> He also endowed the Texas Czech Heritage and Cultural Center's capital campaign for construction of a new library museum [[archives]] building in [[La Grange, Texas|La Grange]] in [[Fayette County, Texas|Fayette County]] in his native southeastern Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leader-news.com/news/2007/1212/lifestyle/049.html|title=Hanslik's contribution to the Texas Czech Center announced|publisher=''El Campo Leader-News''}}</ref>

The ten largest employers in terms of the number of employees are: [[Texas Tech University]], Covenant Health Systems, [[Lubbock Independent School District]], University Medical Center, [[United Supermarkets]], City of Lubbock, [[Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]], [[AT&T Mobility|Cingular]], [[Convergys]], and [[Lubbock County, Texas|Lubbock County]]. A study conducted by a professor at the [[Rawls College of Business]] determined that Texas Tech students, faculty and staff generate about $1.5 billion with about $297.5 million from student shopping alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2008/08/26/News/Students.Return.Boosts.Universitys.BillionDollar.Impact.In.Lubbock-3403983.shtml|title=Students' return boosts university's billion-dollar impact in Lubbock|accessdate=2008-08-25|publisher=''[[The Daily Toreador]]''|last=Graham|first=Mike}}</ref>

Lubbock has one regional enclosed mall, [[South Plains Mall]], which includes two [[Dillard's]], [[Mervyns]], [[JC Penney]], [[Sears, Roebuck and Company|Sears]], and [[Bealls (Texas)|Bealls]].

Lubbock also has one regional open air center [[Kingsgate Shopping Center]] that includes numerous upscale fashion tenants such as Malouf's, Banana Republic, Coldwater Creek, Woodhouse Day Spa, Chico's, Harold's, Ann Taylor, and others.

As of March 2007, there are four [[Wal-Mart]] Supercenters in the city, with two having been recently completed.

===Economic Development===
Originally founded as Market Lubbock in 1997, the [[Lubbock Economic Development Alliance]] (LEDA) was established by the City to recruit new business and industry to Lubbock and to retain existing companies. LEDA's mission is to promote economic growth through the creation of high quality jobs, attract new capital investment, retain and expand existing businesses, and improve the quality of life in Lubbock, Texas.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 199,564 people, 77,527 households, and 48,531 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,738.2 people per square mile (671.1/km²). There were 84,066 housing units at an average density of 732.2/sq&nbsp;mi (282.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.87% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 8.66% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.56% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.54% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 14.32% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.01% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 27.45% of the population.
[[As of 2001]] India [[census]]<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref>, Dildarnagar Bazar had a population of 11,409. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dildarnagar Bazar has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77% and, female literacy is 63%. In Dildarnagar Bazar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Dildarnagar Bazar is surrounded by large size villages of Muslim Rajput.One of the oldest college of district- SKBM Inter College(formerly known as Muslim Rajput Inter College)is situated in the far east of the town.
There are 77,527 households, of which 30.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% are classified as non-families by the [[United States Census Bureau]]. Of 77,527 households, 3,249 are unmarried partner households: 2,802 heterosexual, 196 same-sex male, and 251 same-sex female households. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 17.9% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,844, and the median income for a family was $41,418. Males had a median income of $30,222 versus $21,708 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,511. About 12.0% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

==People and culture==
[[Image:Buddy Holly.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Lubbock-native [[Buddy Holly]]]]
Lubbock is the birthplace of [[rock and roll]] legend [[Buddy Holly]] and features a cultural center named for him. The city previously hosted an annual Buddy Holly Music Festival. However, the event was renamed Lubbock Music Festival after Holly's widow increased usage fees for his name. Similarly, the city renamed the Buddy Holly West Texas Walk of Fame to honor area musicians as the West Texas Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.music.yahoo.com/read/news/43931755|title=Lubbock scraps Holly name at two sites|accessdate=2008-09-06|publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]]}}</ref> Holly's legacy is also remembered through the work of [[deejay]]s such as [[Bud Andrews]] and [[Virgil Johnson (singer)|Virgil Johnson]] on [[radio]] station [[KDAV-AM]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kdav.com/bandrews.html|title=KDAV DJ, Bud Andrews|publisher=[[KDAV-AM]]}}</ref>

Lubbock's Memorial Civic Center hosts many events. Former Mayor Morris Turner (1931-2008), who served from 1972-1974, has been called the father of the Civic Center.
The city has also been the birthplace or home of several [[country music]]ians including [[Delbert McClinton]], [[Jimmie Dale Gilmore]], [[Butch Hancock]] and [[Joe Ely]] (collectively known as [[The Flatlanders]]), [[Mac Davis]], [[Terry Allen (country singer)|Terry Allen]], [[Lloyd Maines]] and his daughter, [[Dixie Chicks]] singer, [[Natalie Maines]], Texas Tech alums [[Pat Green]] and [[Cory Morrow]], and [[Coronado High School (Lubbock)|Coronado High School]] graduate [[Richie McDonald]] (lead singer of [[Lonestar]] until 2007). [[Pete Orta]] from the Christian rock group [[Petra (band)|Petra]] and basketball players [[Craig Ehlo]] and [[Daniel Santiago]] have also called Lubbock home. The city is also the birthplace of actor [[Chace Crawford]] (''[[The Covenant (film)|The Covenant]]'', ''[[Gossip Girl (TV series)|Gossip Girl]]'') and singer [[Travis Garland]] from the band [[NLT (band)|NLT]].

The National Cowboy Symposium and Celebration, an annual event celebrating the prototypical [[American Old West|Old West]] [[cowboy]], takes place in Lubbock. The event is held in September and features art, music, [[cowboy poetry]], stories, and the presentation of scholarly papers on cowboy culture and the history of the [[American West]]. A [[chuckwagon]] cook-off and [[horse]] parade also take place during the event.

Every year on [[July 4]], Lubbock hosts the 4th on Broadway event, an [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]] [[festival]]. The event is entirely free to the public, and is considered the largest free festival in Texas. The day's activities usually include a morning parade, a street fair along Broadway Avenue with food stalls and live bands, the Early Settlers' Luncheon, and an evening concert/fireworks program. Broadway Festivals Inc., the [[non-profit corporation]] which organizes the event, estimates a 2004 attendance of over 175,000 people. Additionally, the College Baseball Foundation holds events relating to its [[College Baseball Hall of Fame]] during the 4th on Broadway event.

Lubbock's main newspaper is the ''[[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]]'', which is owned by [[Morris Communications]]. Texas Tech University publishes a student-run daily newspaper called, ''[[The Daily Toreador]]''.

Local TV stations include [[KTXT-TV]]-5 ([[PBS]]), [[KCBD]]-11 ([[NBC]]), [[KLBK]]-13 ([[CBS]]), [[KAMC]]-28 ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), and [[KJTV-TV]]-34 ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]).

According to a study released by the non-partisan Bay Area Center for Voting Research, Lubbock is the second most [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] city in the United States with a population over 100,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govpro.com/News/Article/31439/|title=Study Ranks America’s Most Liberal and Conservative Cities|publisher=GovPro}}</ref>

===Attractions===
[[Image:Joyland LubbockTX Paratrooper June 2006DSCN8445.JPG|200px|thumb|[[Joyland Amusement Park]]]]
The [[National Ranching Heritage Center]], a museum of [[ranching]] history, is located in Lubbock. It features a number of authentic early Texas [[ranch]] buildings as well as a [[railroad]] depot and other historic buildings. There is also an extensive collection of weapons on display. [[Jim Humphreys]], late manager of the [[Pitchfork Ranch]] east of Lubbock, was a prominent board member of the center.

The Southwest Collection, an archive of the history of the region and its surroundings which also works closely with the College Baseball Foundation, is located on the campus of Texas Tech University, as are the Moody Planetarium and the Museum of Texas Tech University.

The Depot District, an area of the city dedicated to music and nightlife, is located in the old [[railroad]] depot area and boasts a number of [[theatre]]s, upscale restaurants, and cultural attractions. The Depot District is also home to several shops, pubs and nightclubs, a radio station, a brewery, a magazine, a winery, a salon, and other establishments. Many of the buildings were remodeled from the original Fort Worth & Denver South Plains Railway Depot which originally stood on the site. The [[Buddy Holly Center]], a museum highlighting the life and music of [[Buddy Holly]], is also located in the Depot District.

Lubbock is also home to the [[Silent Wings Museum]]. Located on North I-27, Silent Wings features photographs and artifacts from the World War II era glider pilots.

The Science Spectrum is an interactive museum and [[IMAX|IMAX Dome]] theatre with a special focus on children and youth.

====Mackenzie Park====
Mackenzie Park is home to [[Joyland Amusement Park]], Prairie Dog town, and both a [[disc golf]] and regular golf course. The park also holds the [[American Wind Power Center]] which houses over 100 historic windmills on 28 acres. The [[Brazos]] river winds through Mackenzie Park. It is collectively part of the rather extensive Lubbock Park system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.traveltex.com/pg/Activity.aspx?id=966cfb5b-6be4-41f1-9d95-7b3b16b73f8b|title=Mackenzie Park/Prairie Dog Town|publisher=Texas Travel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lubbockhospitality.com/mackenzie|title=Lubbock's Mackenzie Park|publisher=Lubbock Hospitality}}</ref>

In March 1877, Mackenzie Park was the site of the [[Battle of Yellow House Canyon]], which occurred during the [[Buffalo Hunters' War]].

===Sports===
[[Image:Michael Crabtree 02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A [[Texas Tech Red Raiders football]] game]]
The [[Texas Tech Red Raiders]] field 17 teams in eleven sports. The [[Texas Tech Red Raiders football|football]] program has been competing since [[October 3]], [[1925]]. The Red Raiders have won eleven conference titles and been to 31 bowl games, winning five of the last six (as of January 1, 2008). Though not well-known, the Red Raiders have a [[polo]] team that won a collegiate national championship in 2006 after beating 5-year defending champions, [[University of Virginia]] and then [[Texas A&M]]. This team was composed of Will Tankard, Ross Haislip, Peter Blake and Tanner Kneese. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polobarn.com/events/events2006/march06/032306_nationals.html|title=2006 Collegiate Polo Championships|publisher=The Polo Zone}}</ref>

The [[Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball|men's basketball]] program, started in 1925 and presently coached by [[Pat Knight]], son of [[Basketball Hall of Fame|hall-of-famer]] and former Texas Tech coach [[Bob Knight]], has been to the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] 14 times—advancing to the Sweet 16 three times.

Of the varsity sports, Texas Tech has had its greatest success in women's [[basketball]]. Led by [[Sheryl Swoopes]] and head coach [[Marsha Sharp]], the Lady Raiders won the [[NCAA Women's Basketball Championship]] in 1993. The Lady Raiders have also been to the NCAA Elite Eight three times and the NCAA Sweet 16 seven times. In early 2006, Lady Raiders coach Marsha Sharp resigned and was replaced on [[March 30]], 2006 by [[Kristy Curry]], who had been coaching at [[Purdue Boilermakers|Purdue]].

Other sports at Tech include cross country, baseball, golf, tennis, track, ice hockey, soccer, softball, volleyball and polo.

High school athletics also feature prominently in the local culture. In addition, Lubbock is the home of the Chaparrals of Lubbock Christian University. In 2007, the [[Lubbock Renegades]] began play as a member of the [[af2]], a developmental league of the [[Arena Football League]].

In 2007, the Lubbock Western All-Stars Little League Baseball team made it to the final four of the [[2007 Little League World Series|Little League World Series]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.littleleague.org/series/2007divisions/llbb/series.htm|title=2007 Little League World Series|publisher=Little League Baseball}}</ref>

===National Register of Historic Places===
[[Image:Warren and Myrta Bacon House (east).JPG|thumb|upright|right|205px|[[Warren and Myrta Bacon House]]]]
*[[Cactus Theater]]
*[[Canyon Lakes Archaeological District]]
*[[Carlock Building]]
*[[Fort Worth and Denver South Plains Railway Depot]]
*[[Fred and Annie Snyder House]]
*[[Holden Properties Historic District]]
*[[S. H. Kress and Co. Building (Lubbock, Texas)|Kress Building]]
*[[Lubbock High School]]
*[[Lubbock Lake Landmark]]
*[[Lubbock Post Office and Federal Building]]
*[[South Overton Residential Historic District]]
*[[Texas Technological College Dairy Barn]]
*[[Texas Technological College Historic District]]
*[[Tubbs-Carlisle House]]
*[[Warren and Myrta Bacon House]]
*[[William Curry Holden]] and Olive Price Holden House
{{-}}

==Transportation==
[[Image:Downtown Lubbock 2008.jpg|thumb|left|230px|Downtown Lubbock seen from [[Interstate 27 (Texas)|I-27]]]]
The city's air services are provided by [[Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport]], which is named for the Lubbock [[businessman]] who became [[lieutenant governor]] and [[governor]] of Texas. It is located on the northeast side of the city. Public transportation is provided by [http://www.citibus.com Citibus], a bus transit system running Monday through Saturday every week with a transit center hub in downtown.

Lubbock is served by major highways. [[Interstate 27 (Texas)|Interstate 27]] (the former Avenue H) links the city to [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo]] and [[Interstate 40 (Texas)|Interstate 40]], a transcontinental route. I-27 was completed through the city in 1992 (it originally terminated just north of downtown). Other major highways include [[U.S. Highway 62 (Texas)|US 62]] and [[U.S. Highway 82 in Texas|US 82]] which run concurrently (except for 4th Street (82) and 19th Street (62) through the city east-west as the [[Brownfield, Texas|Brownfield]] Highway (soon to be upgraded to Marsha Sharp Freeway, 19th Street (62 only), 4th Street/Parkway Drive (82 only) and [[Idalou, Texas|Idalou]] Highway. [[U.S. Highway 84 (Texas)|US 84]] (Avenue Q/[[Slaton, Texas|Slaton]] Highway/[[Clovis, New Mexico|Clovis]] Road) is also another east-west route running NW/SE diagonally. [[U.S. Highway 87 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 87]] runs between [[San Angelo, Texas|San Angelo]] and Amarillo and follows I-27 concurrently. [[Texas State Highway 114|State Highway 114]] runs east-west, following US 62/82 on the east before going its own way. Lubbock is circled by [[State Highway Loop 289 (Texas)|Loop 289]], which suffers from traffic congestion despite being a potential bypass around the city, which is the reason behind I-27 and Brownfield Highway being built through the city to have freeway traffic flow effectively inside the loop.

The city is set up on a simple [[grid plan]]. In the heart of the city, numbered streets run east-west and lettered avenues run north-south &mdash; the grid begins at Avenue A in the east and First Street in the north. North of First Street, city planners chose to name streets alphabetically from the south to the north. The north-south avenues run from A to Y. What would be Avenue Z is actually University Avenue since it runs along the east side of Texas Tech. Beyond that, the A-to-Z convention resumes, using two-syllable names (e.g. Memphis Avenue, Quaker Avenue, Vicksburg Avenue). Again, the Z name is not used, with Slide Road appearing in its place.

Lubbock has no [[inter-city rail]] service, although there have been various proposals over the years to remedy this. One, the ''[[Caprock Chief]]'', would have seen daily service as part of a [[Fort Worth, Texas]]&mdash;[[Denver, Colorado]] service, but it failed to gain traction.<ref>{{cite news | title=Lubbock officials backing plans for Amtrak rail service | url=http://www.amarillo.com/stories/080201/tex_amtrakrail.shtml | date=2001-08-02 | work=[[Amarillo Globe-News]] | accessdate=2008-05-14 | first=Chris | last=Van Wagenen}}</ref>

==Education==
[[Image:Lubbock High School.JPG|thumb|right|Lubbock High School]]
[[Image:TTUadmin.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Texas Tech University]]

===Public Schools===
Most of Lubbock is served by the [[Lubbock Independent School District]]. Small portions of Lubbock extend into the neighboring districts of [[Frenship Independent School District|Frenship]], [[Lubbock-Cooper Independent School District|Lubbock-Cooper]], and [[Roosevelt Independent School District|Roosevelt]].

===Private Schools===
*[[All Saints Episcopal School]]
*[[Christ the King High School (Lubbock, Texas)|Christ The King High School]]
*[[Lubbock Christian High School]]
*[[Trinity Christian High School]]
*[[Neighborhood Academy]]

===Colleges and Universities===
*[[Texas Tech University]]
*[[Lubbock Christian University]]
*[[South Plains College]]
*[[Wayland Baptist University]]
*[[Sunset International Bible Institute]]
{{-}}
==See also==
*''[[The Education of Shelby Knox]]''


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
{{portalpar|Texas|Texasflaginstate.PNG}}
{{commons|Lubbock, Texas}}
*[http://www.visitlubbock.org/ Visit Lubbock]
*[http://www.ci.lubbock.tx.us/ City of Lubbock Official Site]
*[http://www.wildtexas.com/parks/results.php?nearby_cities=Lubbock Lubbock Area Parks]
*[http://www.lubbockchamber.com/ Lubbock Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://www.lubbockeda.org/ Lubbock Economic Development Alliance]
*[http://www.lubbockhispanic.org/ Lubbock Hispanic Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://www.lubbockonline.com ''Lubbock Avalanche-Journal'' newspaper]
*{{wikitravel|Lubbock}}
*[http://www.buddyhollywalk.com/ Buddy Holly Walk]
*[http://swco.ttu.edu/Digital_Collections/WinstonReeves/ Historical photos by Winston Reeves at Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University]
*[http://swco.ttu.edu/Digital_Collections/LubbockPictorial/ Other historical photos at Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University]


{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|33.564735|-101.877793}}
{{coord missing|India}}


{{Lubbock County, Texas}}
[[Category:Ghazipur]]
{{Texas county seats}}
{{Texas}}


[[Category:Cities in Texas]]
{{UttarPradesh-geo-stub}}
[[Category:County seats in Texas]]
[[Category:Lubbock, Texas| ]]
[[Category:Lubbock County, Texas]]
[[Category:Lubbock metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1876]]


[[ar:لوبوك، تكساس]]
[[bpy:দালদারনগর ফতেহপুর বাজার]]
[[ast:Lubbock, Texas]]
[[new:दिल्दारनगर फतेहपुर बजार]]
[[da:Lubbock (Texas)]]
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[[fa:لاباک، تگزاس]]
[[fr:Lubbock (Texas)]]
[[ko:러벅 (텍사스 주)]]
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[[ja:ラボック (テキサス州)]]
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[[zh:拉伯克 (德克薩斯州)]]

Revision as of 03:03, 11 October 2008

City of Lubbock, Texas
Downtown Lubbock in 2005
Downtown Lubbock in 2005
Official seal of City of Lubbock, Texas
Nickname: 
Hub City
Motto: 
The Giant Side of Texas
Location within the state of Texas
Location within the state of Texas
CountryUnited States
StateTexas
CountyLubbock
Government
 • MayorTom Martin
Area
 • City114.9 sq mi (297.6 km2)
 • Land114.8 sq mi (297.4 km2)
 • Water0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2)
Elevation
3,202 ft (992.4 m)
Population
 (2006)
 • City212,169
 • Density1,825/sq mi (704.7/km2)
 • Metro
261,411
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
Area code806
FIPS code48-45000Template:GR
GNIS feature ID1374760Template:GR
Websitewww.ci.lubbock.tx.us

Lubbock (/'lʌbək/[1]) is an American city in the state of Texas. Located in the northwestern part of the state, a region known historically as the Llano Estacado, it is the county seat of Lubbock County, and the home of Texas Tech University. According to an estimate by the U.S. Census in 2006, the city population was 212,169, making it the 90th largest city in the United States and the 12th largest in Texas.[2] The Lubbock metropolitan area has a population of 261,411.[3]

Lubbock's nickname is the "Hub City" which derives from being the economy, education, and health care hub of a multi-county region commonly called the South Plains.[4] The area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world[5][6] and is heavily dependent on irrigation water drawn from the Ogallala Aquifer.

History

The county of Lubbock was founded in 1876, named after Thomas Saltus Lubbock, a Confederate colonel and member of the Terry's Texas Rangers, a group of Texas volunteers for the Confederate Army.[7] As early as 1884, a federal post office named Lubbock existed in Yellowhouse Canyon. However, the town of Lubbock was not founded until 1890, when it was formed from a unique merger arrangement between two smaller towns, "Old Lubbock" and Monterey. The terms of the compromise included keeping the Lubbock name but the Monterey townsite, so the previous Old Lubbock residents relocated South to the Monterey location, including putting Old Lubbock's Nicolette Hotel on rollers and pulling it across a canyon to its new home. In 1891 Lubbock became the county seat and in 1909 was reincorporated as a city.

Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) has been a part of Lubbock since 1923. Its medical school, the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, opened in 1969. Lubbock Christian University, founded in 1957, and Sunset International Bible Institute, both affiliated with the Churches of Christ, have their main campuses in the city. South Plains College and Wayland Baptist University operate branch campuses in Lubbock.

The city is home to the Lubbock Lake Landmark, part of the Museum of Texas Tech University. The landmark is an archaeological and natural history preserve at the northern edge of the city. It shows evidence of almost twelve thousand years of human occupation in the region. Another part of the museum, the National Ranching Heritage Center, houses historic ranch-related structures from the area.

In August 1951, a v-shaped formation of lights was seen over the city. The "Lubbock Lights" series of sightings received national publicity and is regarded as one of the first great UFO cases. The sightings were considered credible because they were witnessed by several respected science professors at Texas Technological College and were photographed by a Texas Tech student. The photographs were reprinted nationwide in newspapers and in Life magazine. Project Blue Book, the US Air Force's official study of the UFO mystery, did an extensive investigation of the Lubbock Lights. They concluded that the photographs were not a hoax and showed genuine objects. However, they did dismiss the UFOs themselves as being either "night-flying moths" or a type of bird called a plover. The Air Force argued that the underside of the plovers or moths was reflected in the glow of Lubbock's new street lights at night. However, other researchers have disputed these explanations, and for many the "Lubbock Lights" remain a mystery.

On May 11, 1970, the Lubbock Tornado struck the city. Twenty-six persons perished, and damage was estimated at $125 million. The downtown NTS Tower, then known as the Great Plains Life Building, at 271 feet (83 m) in height, is believed to have been the tallest building ever to survive a direct hit from an F5 tornado.[8]Then Mayor Jim Granberry and the Lubbock City Council, which included Granberry's successor as mayor, Morris W. Turner, were charged with directing the task of rebuilding the downtown in the aftermath of the storm.

Geography and climate

Lubbock is located at 33°33′53″N 101°52′40″W / 33.56472°N 101.87778°W / 33.56472; -101.87778Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (33.564735, -101.877793).Template:GR The official elevation is 3,256 feet (992 m) above sea level, but stated figures range from 3195 to 3281.[9][10][11]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 114.9 square miles (297.6 km²), of which, 114.8 square miles (297.4 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km²) of it (0.09%) is water.

Lubbock has a mild, semi-arid climate.[12] On average, Lubbock receives 18 inches of rain and ten inches of snow per year.[13]

Summers in Lubbock are hot, although temperatures usually drop 30 degrees overnight, creating lows between 60 °F (16 °C) and 70 °F (21 °C). Average high temperatures are about 90 °F (32 °C) in June, July, and August. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F (46 °C) in 1994.[14]

Winter days in Lubbock are typically sunny and relatively mild, but nights are cold with temperatures dipping below freezing.[14][15]

Climate data for Lubbock, Texas
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Source: weather.com [14]

Law and government

The first Lubbock County Courthouse was used from 1891-1916.
The second Lubbock County Courthouse remained open until 1968, though a third courthouse had been built in 1950.

Lubbock has a council-manager government system, with all governmental powers resting in a legislative body called a city council. The current mayor of Lubbock, elected May 9, 2008, is Tom Martin.

Lubbock County and the City of Lubbock have an unusual legal situation regarding the sale of alcoholic beverages. The county allows package sales but not "by the drink" sales except at private institutions such as country clubs. Inside the Lubbock city limits, the situation is reversed with restaurants and bars able to serve alcohol but liquor stores forbidden. Lubbock remained legally dry until an election on April 9, 1972, made liquor by the drink, but not package sales, legal, and Lubbock abandoned its distinction as the largest dry city in the country.[16] A privately owned conglomeration of liquor stores, called "The Strip", is located on U.S. Highway 87. Though within city limits, "The Strip" is exempt from the city's liquor laws.[citation needed]

On November 21, 2006, the Lubbock City Council voted 5-1 to annex "The Strip", making package alcohol sales legal within the city limits. There exist, however, significant barriers to entry for stores outside "The Strip" area to sell packaged alcohol. The new annexation will contribute a sales tax of 1.5%, or 10 cents for every 7 dollars, to the city. Due to state law, liquor sales will be limited to the newly annexed area.

Economy

The Lubbock area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world and is heavily dependent on irrigation water drawn from the Ogallala Aquifer.[17] However, the aquifer is being depleted at a rate that is not sustainable in the long term. Much progress has been made in the area of water conservation and new technologies such as Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) irrigation were originally developed in the Lubbock area.

Adolph R. Hanslik, who died in 2007 at the age of ninety, was called the "dean" of the Lubbock cotton industry, having worked for years to promote the export trade. Hanslik was also the largest contributor (through 2006) to the Texas Tech University Medical Center.[18] He also endowed the Texas Czech Heritage and Cultural Center's capital campaign for construction of a new library museum archives building in La Grange in Fayette County in his native southeastern Texas.[19]

The ten largest employers in terms of the number of employees are: Texas Tech University, Covenant Health Systems, Lubbock Independent School District, University Medical Center, United Supermarkets, City of Lubbock, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Cingular, Convergys, and Lubbock County. A study conducted by a professor at the Rawls College of Business determined that Texas Tech students, faculty and staff generate about $1.5 billion with about $297.5 million from student shopping alone.[20]

Lubbock has one regional enclosed mall, South Plains Mall, which includes two Dillard's, Mervyns, JC Penney, Sears, and Bealls.

Lubbock also has one regional open air center Kingsgate Shopping Center that includes numerous upscale fashion tenants such as Malouf's, Banana Republic, Coldwater Creek, Woodhouse Day Spa, Chico's, Harold's, Ann Taylor, and others.

As of March 2007, there are four Wal-Mart Supercenters in the city, with two having been recently completed.

Economic Development

Originally founded as Market Lubbock in 1997, the Lubbock Economic Development Alliance (LEDA) was established by the City to recruit new business and industry to Lubbock and to retain existing companies. LEDA's mission is to promote economic growth through the creation of high quality jobs, attract new capital investment, retain and expand existing businesses, and improve the quality of life in Lubbock, Texas.

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 199,564 people, 77,527 households, and 48,531 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,738.2 people per square mile (671.1/km²). There were 84,066 housing units at an average density of 732.2/sq mi (282.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.87% White, 8.66% African American, 0.56% Native American, 1.54% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 14.32% from other races, and 2.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.45% of the population.

There are 77,527 households, of which 30.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% are classified as non-families by the United States Census Bureau. Of 77,527 households, 3,249 are unmarried partner households: 2,802 heterosexual, 196 same-sex male, and 251 same-sex female households. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 17.9% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,844, and the median income for a family was $41,418. Males had a median income of $30,222 versus $21,708 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,511. About 12.0% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

People and culture

File:Buddy Holly.jpg
Lubbock-native Buddy Holly

Lubbock is the birthplace of rock and roll legend Buddy Holly and features a cultural center named for him. The city previously hosted an annual Buddy Holly Music Festival. However, the event was renamed Lubbock Music Festival after Holly's widow increased usage fees for his name. Similarly, the city renamed the Buddy Holly West Texas Walk of Fame to honor area musicians as the West Texas Hall of Fame.[21] Holly's legacy is also remembered through the work of deejays such as Bud Andrews and Virgil Johnson on radio station KDAV-AM.[22]

Lubbock's Memorial Civic Center hosts many events. Former Mayor Morris Turner (1931-2008), who served from 1972-1974, has been called the father of the Civic Center.

The city has also been the birthplace or home of several country musicians including Delbert McClinton, Jimmie Dale Gilmore, Butch Hancock and Joe Ely (collectively known as The Flatlanders), Mac Davis, Terry Allen, Lloyd Maines and his daughter, Dixie Chicks singer, Natalie Maines, Texas Tech alums Pat Green and Cory Morrow, and Coronado High School graduate Richie McDonald (lead singer of Lonestar until 2007). Pete Orta from the Christian rock group Petra and basketball players Craig Ehlo and Daniel Santiago have also called Lubbock home. The city is also the birthplace of actor Chace Crawford (The Covenant, Gossip Girl) and singer Travis Garland from the band NLT.

The National Cowboy Symposium and Celebration, an annual event celebrating the prototypical Old West cowboy, takes place in Lubbock. The event is held in September and features art, music, cowboy poetry, stories, and the presentation of scholarly papers on cowboy culture and the history of the American West. A chuckwagon cook-off and horse parade also take place during the event.

Every year on July 4, Lubbock hosts the 4th on Broadway event, an Independence Day festival. The event is entirely free to the public, and is considered the largest free festival in Texas. The day's activities usually include a morning parade, a street fair along Broadway Avenue with food stalls and live bands, the Early Settlers' Luncheon, and an evening concert/fireworks program. Broadway Festivals Inc., the non-profit corporation which organizes the event, estimates a 2004 attendance of over 175,000 people. Additionally, the College Baseball Foundation holds events relating to its College Baseball Hall of Fame during the 4th on Broadway event.

Lubbock's main newspaper is the Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, which is owned by Morris Communications. Texas Tech University publishes a student-run daily newspaper called, The Daily Toreador.

Local TV stations include KTXT-TV-5 (PBS), KCBD-11 (NBC), KLBK-13 (CBS), KAMC-28 (ABC), and KJTV-TV-34 (Fox).

According to a study released by the non-partisan Bay Area Center for Voting Research, Lubbock is the second most conservative city in the United States with a population over 100,000.[23]

Attractions

Joyland Amusement Park

The National Ranching Heritage Center, a museum of ranching history, is located in Lubbock. It features a number of authentic early Texas ranch buildings as well as a railroad depot and other historic buildings. There is also an extensive collection of weapons on display. Jim Humphreys, late manager of the Pitchfork Ranch east of Lubbock, was a prominent board member of the center.

The Southwest Collection, an archive of the history of the region and its surroundings which also works closely with the College Baseball Foundation, is located on the campus of Texas Tech University, as are the Moody Planetarium and the Museum of Texas Tech University.

The Depot District, an area of the city dedicated to music and nightlife, is located in the old railroad depot area and boasts a number of theatres, upscale restaurants, and cultural attractions. The Depot District is also home to several shops, pubs and nightclubs, a radio station, a brewery, a magazine, a winery, a salon, and other establishments. Many of the buildings were remodeled from the original Fort Worth & Denver South Plains Railway Depot which originally stood on the site. The Buddy Holly Center, a museum highlighting the life and music of Buddy Holly, is also located in the Depot District.

Lubbock is also home to the Silent Wings Museum. Located on North I-27, Silent Wings features photographs and artifacts from the World War II era glider pilots.

The Science Spectrum is an interactive museum and IMAX Dome theatre with a special focus on children and youth.

Mackenzie Park

Mackenzie Park is home to Joyland Amusement Park, Prairie Dog town, and both a disc golf and regular golf course. The park also holds the American Wind Power Center which houses over 100 historic windmills on 28 acres. The Brazos river winds through Mackenzie Park. It is collectively part of the rather extensive Lubbock Park system.[24][25]

In March 1877, Mackenzie Park was the site of the Battle of Yellow House Canyon, which occurred during the Buffalo Hunters' War.

Sports

File:Michael Crabtree 02.jpg
A Texas Tech Red Raiders football game

The Texas Tech Red Raiders field 17 teams in eleven sports. The football program has been competing since October 3, 1925. The Red Raiders have won eleven conference titles and been to 31 bowl games, winning five of the last six (as of January 1, 2008). Though not well-known, the Red Raiders have a polo team that won a collegiate national championship in 2006 after beating 5-year defending champions, University of Virginia and then Texas A&M. This team was composed of Will Tankard, Ross Haislip, Peter Blake and Tanner Kneese. [26]

The men's basketball program, started in 1925 and presently coached by Pat Knight, son of hall-of-famer and former Texas Tech coach Bob Knight, has been to the NCAA Tournament 14 times—advancing to the Sweet 16 three times.

Of the varsity sports, Texas Tech has had its greatest success in women's basketball. Led by Sheryl Swoopes and head coach Marsha Sharp, the Lady Raiders won the NCAA Women's Basketball Championship in 1993. The Lady Raiders have also been to the NCAA Elite Eight three times and the NCAA Sweet 16 seven times. In early 2006, Lady Raiders coach Marsha Sharp resigned and was replaced on March 30, 2006 by Kristy Curry, who had been coaching at Purdue.

Other sports at Tech include cross country, baseball, golf, tennis, track, ice hockey, soccer, softball, volleyball and polo.

High school athletics also feature prominently in the local culture. In addition, Lubbock is the home of the Chaparrals of Lubbock Christian University. In 2007, the Lubbock Renegades began play as a member of the af2, a developmental league of the Arena Football League.

In 2007, the Lubbock Western All-Stars Little League Baseball team made it to the final four of the Little League World Series.[27]

National Register of Historic Places

Warren and Myrta Bacon House

Transportation

Downtown Lubbock seen from I-27

The city's air services are provided by Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport, which is named for the Lubbock businessman who became lieutenant governor and governor of Texas. It is located on the northeast side of the city. Public transportation is provided by Citibus, a bus transit system running Monday through Saturday every week with a transit center hub in downtown.

Lubbock is served by major highways. Interstate 27 (the former Avenue H) links the city to Amarillo and Interstate 40, a transcontinental route. I-27 was completed through the city in 1992 (it originally terminated just north of downtown). Other major highways include US 62 and US 82 which run concurrently (except for 4th Street (82) and 19th Street (62) through the city east-west as the Brownfield Highway (soon to be upgraded to Marsha Sharp Freeway, 19th Street (62 only), 4th Street/Parkway Drive (82 only) and Idalou Highway. US 84 (Avenue Q/Slaton Highway/Clovis Road) is also another east-west route running NW/SE diagonally. U.S. Highway 87 runs between San Angelo and Amarillo and follows I-27 concurrently. State Highway 114 runs east-west, following US 62/82 on the east before going its own way. Lubbock is circled by Loop 289, which suffers from traffic congestion despite being a potential bypass around the city, which is the reason behind I-27 and Brownfield Highway being built through the city to have freeway traffic flow effectively inside the loop.

The city is set up on a simple grid plan. In the heart of the city, numbered streets run east-west and lettered avenues run north-south — the grid begins at Avenue A in the east and First Street in the north. North of First Street, city planners chose to name streets alphabetically from the south to the north. The north-south avenues run from A to Y. What would be Avenue Z is actually University Avenue since it runs along the east side of Texas Tech. Beyond that, the A-to-Z convention resumes, using two-syllable names (e.g. Memphis Avenue, Quaker Avenue, Vicksburg Avenue). Again, the Z name is not used, with Slide Road appearing in its place.

Lubbock has no inter-city rail service, although there have been various proposals over the years to remedy this. One, the Caprock Chief, would have seen daily service as part of a Fort Worth, TexasDenver, Colorado service, but it failed to gain traction.[28]

Education

Lubbock High School
Texas Tech University

Public Schools

Most of Lubbock is served by the Lubbock Independent School District. Small portions of Lubbock extend into the neighboring districts of Frenship, Lubbock-Cooper, and Roosevelt.

Private Schools

Colleges and Universities

See also

References

  1. ^ "Lubbock". Merriam-Webster Dictionary (Online ed.). Merriam-Webster Incorporated. 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  2. ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2006 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  3. ^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for Counties of Texas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (CSV). 2006 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2007-03-22. Retrieved 2007-05-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ "Media Resources". Lubbock Chamber of Commerce. 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  5. ^ "Lubbock Community". Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center.
  6. ^ Morrow, M.R. "Cotton Management Strategies for a Short Growing Season Environment: Water-Nitrogen Considerations". Agronomy Journal. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Thomas Saltus Lubbock". Online Archive of Terry's Texas Rangers.
  8. ^ "Lubbock, Texas". National Weather Service Forecast Office.
  9. ^ "About Lubbock". The City of Lubbock. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  10. ^ "Lubbock, Texas Profile and Resource Guide". USA Cities Online. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  11. ^ "Lubbock, Texas". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  12. ^ "Lubbock Climate". Lubbock Works.
  13. ^ "Lubbock at a Glance". Lubbock Chamber of Commerce.
  14. ^ a b c "Monthly Averages for Lubbock, TX". The Weather Channel.
  15. ^ "Facts About Lubbock, TX" (PDF). Texas Tech University. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  16. ^ Lubbock, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
  17. ^ "Texas Computer Training Institute - Lubbock". Education Portal.
  18. ^ Ginter, Derrick. "Local Cotton Exporter, Philanthropist Dies". KOHM.
  19. ^ "Hanslik's contribution to the Texas Czech Center announced". El Campo Leader-News. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. ^ Graham, Mike. "Students' return boosts university's billion-dollar impact in Lubbock". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved 2008-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  21. ^ "Lubbock scraps Holly name at two sites". Yahoo! Music. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  22. ^ "KDAV DJ, Bud Andrews". KDAV-AM.
  23. ^ "Study Ranks America's Most Liberal and Conservative Cities". GovPro.
  24. ^ "Mackenzie Park/Prairie Dog Town". Texas Travel.
  25. ^ "Lubbock's Mackenzie Park". Lubbock Hospitality.
  26. ^ "2006 Collegiate Polo Championships". The Polo Zone.
  27. ^ "2007 Little League World Series". Little League Baseball.
  28. ^ Van Wagenen, Chris (2001-08-02). "Lubbock officials backing plans for Amtrak rail service". Amarillo Globe-News. Retrieved 2008-05-14.

External links

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