Spaced repetition and List of Brussels Airlines destinations: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Anki 0.9.6 usstates text a.png|thumb|[[Anki]], a computer program implementing spaced repetition.]] |
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'''Spaced repetition''' is a [[learning]] technique in which increasing intervals of time are used between subsequent reviews. Alternative names include ''expanding rehearsal'', ''graduated intervals''{{Fact|date=January 2008}}, ''repetition spacing'', ''repetition scheduling'', ''spaced retrieval'' and ''expanded retrieval''. |
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[[Brussels Airlines]] serves the following destinations (former [[Virgin Express]], [[SN Brussels Airlines]] and [[Sabena]] destinations combined): |
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==Applications== |
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Practical applications of spaced repetition were first suggested in the book ''Psychology of Study'' by Prof. [[Cecil Alec Mace|C. A. Mace]] in 1932. |
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__FORCETOC__ |
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[[Pimsleur language learning system|Pimsleur language courses]] use spaced repetition techniques, and in the 1970s [[Sebastian Leitner]] devised his Leitner system, an all-purpose system based on [[flashcard]]s. |
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==[[Africa]]== |
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More recently, spaced repetition has also been implemented into [[computer-assisted language learning]] software{{Fact|date=January 2008}} to gradually adapt the optimum spacing of repetitions to individual needs. A typical optimization criterion used in spaced repetition is the requested level of knowledge retention, i.e. percent of knowledge that is to be remembered. |
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*[[Angola]] |
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**[[Luanda]] ([[Quatro de Fevereiro Airport]]) |
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*[[Burundi]] |
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**[[Bujumbura]] ([[Bujumbura International Airport]]) |
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*[[Cameroon]] |
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**[[Douala]] ([[Douala Airport]]) |
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**[[Yaoundé]] |
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*[[Côte d'Ivoire]] |
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**[[Abidjan]] ([[Port Bouet Airport]]) |
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*[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |
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**[[Kinshasa]] ([[Kinshasa International Airport]]) |
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*[[The Gambia]] |
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**[[Banjul]] ([[Banjul International Airport]]) |
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*[[Guinea]] |
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**[[Conakry]] ([[Conakry International Airport]]) |
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*[[Kenya]] |
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**[[Nairobi]] ([[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]]) |
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*[[Liberia]] |
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**[[Monrovia]] ([[Roberts International Airport]]) |
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*[[Rwanda]] |
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**[[Kigali]] ([[Kigali International Airport]]) |
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*[[Senegal]] |
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**[[Dakar]] ([[Dakar-Yoff-Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport]]) |
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*[[Sierra Leone]] |
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**[[Freetown]] ([[Lungi International Airport]]) |
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*[[Uganda]] |
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**[[Entebbe]] ([[Entebbe International Airport]]) |
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==[[Asia]]== |
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There are several families of algorithms for scheduling spaced repetition: |
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*[[Israel]] |
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*[[Neural network]]s based |
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**[[Tel Aviv]] ([[Ben Gurion International Airport]]) |
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*[[Sebastian Leitner]] system learning machines: |
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**5 stages |
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**n stages |
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*SM-family of algorithms ([[SuperMemo]]): |
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**SM-0 |
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**SM-2 |
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**SM-4 |
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**SM-5 |
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**SM-6 |
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**SM-8 |
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**SM-11 |
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==[[Europe]]== |
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The precise length of intervals does not have a great impact on algorithm effectiveness, as reflected in data collected by [[Mnemosyne (software)|Mnemosyne]].<ref>[http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?thread_name=e713b0cc0805221309i32e13a6fv299782c1e8cb4e35%40mail.gmail.com&forum_name=mnemosyne-proj-devel Peter Bienstman on Mnemosyne mailing list, May 2008]</ref> |
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*[[Austria]] |
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**[[Vienna]] ([[Schwechat Airport]]) |
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*[[Belgium]] |
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**[[Brussels]] ([[Brussels Airport]]) '''Hub''' |
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*[[Czech Republic]] |
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**[[Prague]] ([[Ruzyně Airport]]) |
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*[[Denmark]] |
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**[[Copenhagen]] ([[Kastrup Airport]]) |
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*[[Finland]] |
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**[[Helsinki]] ([[Vantaa Airport]]) |
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*[[France]] |
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**[[Lyon|Lyons]] ([[Saint-Exupéry Airport]]) |
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**[[Marseilles]] ([[Provençe Airport]]) |
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**[[Nice]] ([[Côte d'Azur Airport]]) |
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**[[Paris]] ([[Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport]]) |
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**[[Strasbourg]] ([[Entzheim Airport]]) |
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**[[Toulouse]] ([[Blagnac Airport]]) |
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*[[Germany]] |
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**[[Berlin]] ([[Tempelhof Airport]]) |
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**[[Frankfurt]] ([[Frankfurt am Main Airport]]) |
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**[[Hamburg]] ([[Fuhlsbüttel Airport]]) |
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**[[Munich]] ([[Franz Josef Strauss Airport]]) |
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*[[Greece]] |
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**[[Athens]] ([[Eleftherios Venizelos Airport]]) |
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*[[Hungary]] |
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**[[Budapest]] ([[Ferihegy Airport]]) |
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*[[Italy]] |
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**[[Cagliari]] ([[Elmas Airport]]) |
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**[[Catania]] ([[Fontanarossa Airport]]) |
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**[[Bologna]] ([[Guglielmo Marconi Airport]]) |
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**[[Florence]] ([[Amerigo Vespucci Airport]]) |
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**[[Milan]] ([[Malpensa Airport]]) |
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**[[Naples]] ([[Capodichino Airport]]) |
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**[[Rome]] ([[Leonardo da Vinci Airport]]) |
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**[[Turin]] ([[Caselle Airport]]) |
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**[[Venice]] ([[Marco Polo Airport]]) |
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*[[Norway]] |
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**[[Oslo]] ([[Gardermoen Airport]]) |
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*[[Poland]] |
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**[[Kraków]] ([[John Paul II International Airport]]) |
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**[[Warsaw]] ([[Frederic Chopin Airport]]) |
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*[[Portugal]] |
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**[[Faro]] ([[Faro Airport (Portugal)|Faro Airport]]) |
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**[[Lisbon]] ([[Portela Airport]]) |
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**[[Porto]] ([[Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport]]) |
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*[[Russia]] |
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**[[Moscow]] ([[Domodedovo Airport]]) |
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**[[Saint Petersburg]] ([[Pulkovo Airport]]) |
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*[[Slovenia]] |
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**[[Ljubljana]] ([[Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport]]) |
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*[[Spain]] |
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**[[Barcelona]] ([[El Prat Airport]]) |
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**[[Bilbao]] ([[Loiu Airport]]) |
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**[[Madrid]] ([[Barajas Airport]]) |
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**[[Málaga]] ([[Málaga Airport]]) |
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**[[Murcia]] ([[San Javier Airport]]) |
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**[[Palma de Mallorca]] ([[Son Sant Joan Airport]]) |
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*[[Sweden]] |
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**[[Gothenburg]] ([[Landvetter Airport]]) |
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**[[Stockholm]] ([[Bromma Airport]]) |
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*[[Switzerland]] |
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**[[Geneva]] ([[Cointrin Airport]]) |
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**[[Zürich]] ([[Kloten Airport]]) |
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*[[United Kingdom]] |
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**[[England]] |
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***[[Birmingham]] ([[Birmingham International Airport]]) |
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***[[Bristol]] ([[Bristol Airport]]) |
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***[[London]] ([[Gatwick Airport]]) |
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***[[Manchester]] ([[Manchester Airport]]) |
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***[[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] ([[Newcastle Airport]]) |
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==[[North America]]== |
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== Prominent researchers == |
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* |
*[[Canada]] |
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* [[Hermann Ebbinghaus]] |
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* [[Paul Pimsleur]] |
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* [[Sebastian Leitner]] |
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* [[Piotr Wozniak]] |
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**[[Ontario]] |
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==Software== |
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***[[Toronto]] ([[Toronto Pearson International Airport]]) |
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<!-- Note: Do not add external links here. They will be deleted. See discussion on talk page about that. If a software is notable enough to have a Wikipedia article, that article can be linked to from here. But it's probably a good idea to create the article first, otherwise there'll just be a proliferation of red links. --> |
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See [[:Category:Spaced repetition software]] |
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**[[Montreal]] ([[Montreal International Airport]]) [planned] |
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==See also== |
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*[[Study software|Study Software]] |
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*[[Testing effect]] |
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*[[Spacing effect]] |
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*[[Graduated interval recall]] (System developed by Paul Pimsleur) |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Memory]] |
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[[Category:Learning methods]] |
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Updated from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_Brussels_destinations" |
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[[es:Repetición espaciada]] |
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[[fr:répétition espacée]] |
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[[Category:Airline destinations]] |
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[[id:Daftar bandar udara tujuan Brussels Airlines]] |
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[[no:Brussels Airlines destinasjoner]] |
Revision as of 21:46, 10 October 2008
Brussels Airlines serves the following destinations (former Virgin Express, SN Brussels Airlines and Sabena destinations combined):
Africa
- Angola
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Côte d'Ivoire
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- The Gambia
- Guinea
- Kenya
- Liberia
- Rwanda
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Uganda
Asia
Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Brussels (Brussels Airport) Hub
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Italy
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Russia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
North America
- Montreal (Montreal International Airport) [planned]
Updated from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_Brussels_destinations"