İnebolu
| İnebolu | ||||
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| Basic data | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province (il) : | Kastamonu | |||
| Coordinates : | 41 ° 59 ′ N , 33 ° 46 ′ E | |||
| Height : | 870 m | |||
| Residents : | 10,721 (2018) | |||
| Telephone code : | (+90) 366 | |||
| Postal code : | 37 500 | |||
| License plate : | 37 | |||
| Structure and administration (as of 2019) | ||||
| Structure : | 14 Mahalle | |||
| Mayor : | Mustafa Huner Özay ( AKP ) | |||
| Postal address : | Camikebir Mahallesi Gümrük Sokak No: 4 37500 İnebolu |
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| Website: | ||||
| İnebolu County | ||||
| Residents : | 21,738 (2018) | |||
| Surface: | 417 km² | |||
| Population density : | 52 inhabitants per km² | |||
| Kaymakam : | Abdullah Atakan Atasoy | |||
| Website (Kaymakam): | ||||
İnebolu is a city and a district on the Turkish Black Sea coast in the province of Kastamonu , 89 km from the provincial capital. From Istanbul İnebolu is about 600 km away by land. Typical Turkish architecture characterizes the small port town. With its alleys and the many small shops it is very tranquil.
geography
landscape
The area around Inebolu consists of a stony and rocky plateau. The Küre and the higher Isfendiyar mountains extend parallel to the coast.
The Black Sea coasts are very steep and deep. Flat areas and beaches are almost non-existent. Only small rivers flow from the mountains into the sea. Just off the coast of Inebolu, the sea depth is around 200 m.
Inebolu itself has only a few, smaller sandy beaches.
Streams and rivers
The rivers and streams in the Inebolu area have their source in the Isfendiyar Mountains and are sometimes very wild. In the winter months the water quantities are highest.
mountains
In the immediate vicinity of the city, the mountains are around 400 to 1200 m high. The best known are the Geris Tepesi with 495 m and in the southwest the Islam with 589 m. Other mountains are:
- in the west of the Abas (1261 m)
- further west of the Kelestiren (1260 m)
- in the east of the Manastir (789 m)
The climate
Inebolu has a maritime climate due to its location on the Black Sea . In winter, in the coldest month of February, it doesn't get colder than 6 ° C. In the warmest month of August, the average temperature is 21 ° C. The annual average temperature is around 15 ° C.
Due to the Isfendiyar Mountains, the area of Inebolu is comparatively rainy. The average rainfall is 1052 mm per year. The months of May to August have the lowest rainfall.
Flora
Due to the climate, the flora consists essentially of plants from the Mediterranean area , which spread from the coast to the interior. Various softwoods can be found in dense forests up to heights of 1250 m, some of which are still in their original state.
district
The district borders on Doğanyurt County in the west, Küre County in the south and Bozkurt County in the east. The Black Sea coast is the natural border in the north. The district has the third highest population density in Kastamonu Province. In addition to the district town (with almost half of the district's population) there are 77 villages ( Köy ) with an average of 143 residents. The spectrum of the population ranges from 519 ( Korupınar ) to 13 ( Keloğlu ). In 2018, four former villages were elevated to districts (Mahalle) of the district town: Çamlıca , Musaköy , Yakaboyu and Yeşilöz .
history
The origin of the city has not been established. In the middle of the second century it was named Abonuteichos and belonged to the Roman province of Bithynia et Pontus . At the time of Mark Aurel it was called Ionopolis , which later became Inepoli . Under Turkish rule it became the present name İnebolu.
The theory that İnebolu was built by the Ionians is derived from the earlier name Ionopolis . It is said that Ionopolis had close ties with the Amaras colony . Ionopolis had no connection to the interior in the early days. This connection was only established through the Zarbana (Üzluce) road 18 km to the west . It was and is still claimed that a caravan route used to lead Zarbana to Mecca in Saudi Arabia (pilgrims and trade route).
Ionopolis, like the other Ionian cities, remained under the sovereignty of the Roman-Byzantine Empire after the destruction of the Lydian and later the Persian kingdom .
Because of the victory in the Malazgirt battle , Inebolu fell to the Seljuk Empire ( Turkish Selçuklu Imparatorluğu ) in 1071 . After that, Turks settled in the area. After 1084/85 this area was declared to be Turkish territory by the Emir Karatekin. After the fall of the Seljuk Empire, the city deteriorated. Within the borders of Candaro ğullari, the Turkish family kingdom of the Candar brothers, it was given the current name İnebolu .
İnebolu was incorporated into today's city of Küre (approx. 30 km inland) in 1413 . It only became an independent city in 1867 (or 1873). Fires in 1880 and 1885 led to the total destruction of the city. The then Padischah ( Sultan ) Abdülhamid II had a plan drawn up according to which houses and streets were rebuilt in a rectangular pattern. This resulted in today's cityscape with brick houses . The then very old country road over Küre high above the mountains from İnebolu to Kastamonu from around 1327 was only expanded in 1907 by the then regional president Paşa Abdurrahman.
After the signing of a ceasefire agreement struck due to the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, tensions arose between the Greeks living in İnebolu and supported by England and the established Turks. These tensions led to military conflicts in which buildings in İnebolu were also destroyed by bombing from sea in 1921. After the Turkish victory in the Greco-Turkish war , most of the inhabitants of Greek descent from the area were forcibly relocated to Greece. The former predominantly Greek villages were given Turkish names. Even today these villages are known by two names among the population.
Historical traces in İnebolu
Today in İnebolu there is no evidence of the founding time apart from castle ruins. One of the three ruins is in the Boyran district (formerly Boyranalti = called under the Boyran ). Part of the north wall of the inner castle walls, which stretched from east to west, is still preserved. These walls, built from gravel, are 3 meters thick and 6 meters high, and brick strips are attached at a height of 2 meters. In 1952, 20 meters of this wall came to light during construction. The second castle stood where the Karadeniz elementary school is now. Remnants of the walls can still be seen here. The remains of the third castle are on Gerisch Hill, a hill at the southern end of the city from which one can overlook the whole region. There is a monastery on the plain, the year of which is unknown. The castle ruins date from the Byzantines and Ottomans.
architecture
Mostly white houses with high windows over 3 floors, whose architectural style is characterized by Greek and later by Turkish-Islamic elements, characterize the image of the old town. These structures are around 100 years old. The most important thing about these apartments was a room in the middle, the salon, which was used as social and living space. Most of the houses face the Black Sea from the slopes. In Turkey, this type of construction is known as the West-Black Sea construction .
economy
Inebolu was an important port city in the Ottoman Empire. Hence, the number of traders and businessmen was once very high. In 1887 a Chamber of Industry and Crafts was founded with 2500 registered members, including 1000 self-employed craftsmen.
Due to the growing importance of road traffic, Inebolu lost its importance as a port city and trading center, which significantly reduced the number of inhabitants.
Industry
Only the wood industry and forestry are currently of greater importance. A total of over 67,000 hectares of forest are available, of which around 7,500 hectares are still in their original state. About 39,000 hectares are mixed forest with beech, black fir, oak and birch stands. The forest area has been managed as planned since 1969. Wood and wood products are sold nationally and internationally.
Agriculture and Food
The nature of the soil only allows wheat and maize to be grown in places. The areas are mainly used for cattle breeding and fruit and vegetable cultivation . In addition to pears, tomatoes, beans and peppers, the focus is also on nuts (walnuts, hazelnuts) and chestnuts, for which Inebolu is particularly known.
The plant-rich environment has also made honey an important product.
The coastal location has also kept the fishing industry alive.
tourism
The location by the sea with beaches, the green surroundings with forests and hills, small streams and varied flora, the historical sites and the cityscape with 350 listed buildings has led to the development of an important tourism industry for the city in recent years. The connection via roads and regular buses, hotels and restaurants support this.
traffic
In the city of İnebolu, the D010 trunk road, which runs parallel to the coast, meets the D965, which starts here and leads south to Niğde.
Son of the city
- Oğuz Atay (1934–1977), writer
Web links
- Nufusune.com listing of all villages in the district ( with population figures ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Türkiye Nüfusu Il ilçe Mahalle Köy Nüfuslari , accessed on June 30, 2019