Źródła (Miękinia)
| Źródła (Borne) | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Środa Śląska | ||
| Gmina : | Miękinia | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 10 ' N , 16 ° 43' E | ||
| Residents : | 394 (2012) | ||
| Postal code : | 55-330 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 71 | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | National Road 94 | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Źródła ( German Borne ) is a village in the municipality of Miękinia ( German Nimkau ) in the powiat Średzki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . Borne was one of the scenes of the Battle of Leuthen in 1757 . Until 1945 the place was in the Lower Silesian district of Neumarkt .
geography
Źródła is located three kilometers south of the Miękinia town hall on national road 94 . To the west of the village is the town of Środa Śląska (Neumarkt) . The Lower Silesian voivodeship capital, Wroclaw, is about 20 kilometers to the east .
story
The church in Borne, which is dedicated to the Holy Cross , was built in the years 1220-1230 in the late Romanesque style. In 1278 a certain Albertus dictus de Fonte was mentioned for the first time in connection with the location of the church in a document from Henry IV of Silesia . In Wroclaw's foundation books from 1305, Borne appears as a new village under German law with 27 small huts.
The place name Borne was first mentioned in a document in 1336. A Wroclaw document from 1349 reports the existence of an unauthorized inn in Borne, the landlord of which was fined an annual income.
After the Reformation , the church was used as a place of worship for evangelical believers from 1563 .
In the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) Borne was almost completely destroyed like numerous other villages and towns in Silesia. Numerous residents were killed or fled. Overall, around a third of the Silesian population died during the war.
On the eve of the Battle of Leuthen in 1757, Austrian troops were stationed in Borne . On the morning of December 5, 1757 at around 4 a.m., the place was attacked by Prussian troops and taken after a short battle. Then Frederick the Great was able to observe the Austrian troops and their locations from there and plan the battle.
Borne belonged to the district of Liegnitz until it came to the district of Neumarkt in 1818 . In the topographical overview of Silesia from 1845, a Borne manor is listed next to the village. In addition to the associated manor house , an evangelical school is also mentioned.
In addition to farming, the people of Bornes also worked in several craft businesses. In the village there was a distillery , a brick factory , a forge , a textile industry and a mill .
In the 1930s, Borne had a constant population of around 440. After that, the number of inhabitants rose rapidly, so that in 1940 the village already had 479 inhabitants. After the Second World War, however , the new Polish administration organized the expulsion of the Germans from 1945 . The property left behind by the refugees and expelled Silesians was confiscated without compensation in 1946 and the use of the German language in public and private life was prohibited. The German place name Borne was also Polonized and has been Źródła since then .
Today the place still has about 400 inhabitants. In addition to the renovated church and its defensive wall from the 13th century, only the rebuilt manor house is preserved of historical buildings; all other current buildings were not built until the 20th century.
Attractions
Church of the Holy Cross
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The late Romanesque Church of the Holy Cross, completed in 1230, was enlarged by a vestibule in the 16th century, but lost its apse in the 18th century . There is a cemetery around the church, which is surrounded by a defensive wall with four round towers at the corners. In the 18th century a free-standing wooden bell tower was added. The bronze church bell used today also dates from the 18th century. In addition to the sandstone sacrament house from 1519, a mannerist main altar with a crucifix has been preserved in the church . There are also some tombstones from 1580 to the end of the 17th century.
Between 1968 and 1970 the church was renovated.
Mansion
The mansion , also known as the palace, and its manor are to the south of the village. In 1774 it was bought by the von Carmer family. In the 19th century, for example, Friedrich von Carmer-Borne, who later became a member of the Prussian manor, was the landowner in Borne. The building was also renovated in the 19th century, but the shape and walls of the ground floor are still preserved in their original form. The facade decoration in the style of the Neo-Renaissance visible on archive photos is no longer available. The palace is now used as a residential building.
In the southern area of the palace, a 1.5 hectare park was laid out in 1860 , but the ground plan was destroyed by new buildings in the 20th century. Today, next to a chestnut avenue, there are still some hornbeams and linden trees in the park.
Monument to the Battle of Leuthen
In 1933 the Leuthener Schlachtfeldverein set up five memorial stones on the historical ground of the Battle of Leuthen. The memorial stone in Borne has the inscription:
A cavalry battle at dawn could be seen
here on People's Day.
Then the Prussians would pay the
bloody debt of Kolin with powerful strokes .
Personalities
- Carl Robert Tielsch (1815–1882) founded the porcelain factory C. Tielsch & Co. in 1845 .
literature
- Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia , Graß and Barth, Breslau 1845, p. 51 e-copy
- Adolf Moepert: The place names of the Neumarkt district in history and language: according to the old and new district boundaries ; Ostdeutsche Verlagsanstalt, Breslau 1935, pp. 20f.
Web links
- Źródła on the homepage of the Miękinia Municipality (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h History and sights in Źródła (Polish)
- ↑ a b Źródła - church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. Retrieved September 9, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Summary of the history of Silesia. Retrieved on September 7, 2020 (German).
- ^ Frederick the Great and the Battle of Leuthen: Triumph of Tactics. In: Warfare History Network. November 12, 2015, Retrieved September 10, 2020 (American English).
- ↑ Jörg Wernicke (Ed.): Friedrich II. King of Prussia - The Seven Years War . Berlin 2013, p. 69 .
- ↑ a b c Johann Georg Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, p. 546.
- ↑ Dom nr 8, ul. Wschodnia, Źródła - zdjęcia. Retrieved September 9, 2020 .
- ^ Administrative history - Neumarkt district ( Memento from September 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Prince-Bishop's Secret Chancellery (ed.): Schematism of the Diocese of Breslau and its delegation district for the year 1887 . Breslau 1887, p. 104 .
- ↑ Kościół Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego, Źródła - polska-org.pl. Retrieved September 9, 2020 (Polish).
- ^ Historical place directory: Borne. Retrieved September 7, 2020 .
- ↑ Kamień pamiątkowy, Wrocław - polska-org.pl. Retrieved September 10, 2020 (Polish).