494 BC Chr.

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494 BC Chr.
Map of Ark and surrounding cities
The Persians defeat the Ionian cities
in the Battle of Ark .
494 BC Chr. In other calendars
Buddhist calendar 50/51 (southern Buddhism); 49/50 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar 36th (37th) cycle , year of the fire sheep丁未 ( at the beginning of the year fire horse 丙午)
Greek calendar 2nd / 3rd Year of the 71st Olympiad
Jewish calendar 3267/68
Roman calendar from urbe condita CCLX (260)
Ongoing events
Ionic uprising against the Persian Empire (since 500 BC)
Nok culture in Africa (since around 500 BC)
Sa Huynh culture in Central and South Vietnam (since around 500 BC)
27th Dynasty (Persian rule) (since 525 BC) during the Late Period in Egypt (since 664 BC)
Attic vase painting in Greece:
Iron Age III in Israel (since 587 BC)
Hallstatt period HaD in Europe (since 650 BC)
Eastern Zhou dynasty / period of spring and autumn annals in China (since 770/722 BC)
Dong-Son culture in northern Vietnam and southern China (since around 800 BC)
Middle Preclassic period among the Maya (since approx. 900 BC)
Antiquity in the Mediterranean region (since approx. 1200/800 BC)

Classical Age in Greece (since around 500 BC)

La Venta period among the Olmecs in Mesoamerica (since approx. 1500 BC)

In 494 BC Chr. Stops the riot of ionic cities against the Perserreich to a crushing loss in charging together. The city of Miletus is destroyed by the Achaemenids under Darius I , but most of the other cities get off very lightly. While the Ionian cities of Greece under the leadership of Athens are preparing for a counter-attack by the Persians , in the Doric world Sparta wins hegemony in the Peloponnese with the victory in the battle of Sepeia .

In Rome , according to legend, the first place in the same year Secessio plebis instead. The plebeians of the city go outside the city walls on the Mons Sacer and thus enforce the establishment of the office of the people's tribunes .

Events

Politics and world events

Persian Empire / Ionian Uprising

Off the island of charging it comes to the decisive naval battle in the revolt of the Ionian cities against the Persian Empire . According to Herodotus , 353 Ionic ships from different poles meet around 600 ships from the Achaemenid Empire . The heterogeneous and in itself disunited fleet of the Ionians is commanded by Dionysius of Phocea. Chios , which provided most of the ships, began with a successful attack on the Persian fleet, but when the ships first sailed away from Samos and then those from Lesbos during the battle , the Persians took advantage of their opponent's weakness and inflicted a devastating one Defeat too.

Ruins of Miletus
Ruins of the Temple of Apollo

Then the Persians sail to Miletus , from where the uprising started. After a short siege, the city is captured and burned down. The city walls are torn down, the male population is killed, women and children are abducted and sold into slavery. The temple of Didyma and the oracle of Apollo located there are looted and then burned down.

The other cities involved in the uprising, however, were treated generously by Great King Darius I. Instead of reprisals, some of the grievances that led to the uprising will be removed. The cities are allowed to return to their political system of democracy . A new cadastral registration ensures a fairer tax distribution, even if nothing changes in the total burden of the tribute. One of the Ionian ambassadors who can achieve this result for the poleis is Hecataeus of Miletus , who was a cautious warner even during the uprising.

Peloponnese

The Peloponnese in classical times

The two Doric cities of Sparta and Argos are waging a war for hegemony in the Peloponnese . The Spartan King Cleomenes I succeeds in bypassing the Argives and inflicts a devastating defeat on them in the Battle of Sepeia . However, he does not want to besiege the city. He's moving back home. In Argos, as a result of the battle, the ruling class fell. But Argos remains a major opponent of Sparta.

Roman republic / class battles

According to legend, Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caelimontanus from the Verginier family and Titus Veturius Geminus Cicurinus are consuls of the early Roman Republic . When they want to raise new soldiers for a coming war against the surrounding tribes, they come into conflict with the plebeians . Thereupon they are promised a greater participation in political life and Manius Valerius Maximus is appointed dictator for the war .

Although the struggles were very successful for the Romans, the promises made to the plebeians were not kept by the Senate. According to legend, this is where the first plebis secession takes place. The plebeians of the city go outside the city walls on the Mons Sacer and thus enforce the establishment of the office of the people's tribunes . The former consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus is able to persuade them to return to the city - allegedly by telling a parable of the stomach and limbs. But the class struggles in Rome have only just begun.

China

After Ding Gong's death in the previous year, Ai Gong becomes ruler of the Chinese state of Lu .

The philosopher and former statesman Confucius visits the state of Chen on his multi-year wandering through the empires during the spring and autumn annals in China .

King Goujian of Yue tries against the advice of his Chancellor Fan Li to forestall another attack by the neighboring state of Wu , but is defeated in the Battle of Fujiao and is taken prisoner by King Fuchai .