Adolf Dobryanský

Adolf Ivan Dobrjanský , even Adolf Ritter von Dobrzanski Sacsurov ( Rusyn Адолф Добряньскый), ( Ukrainian Добрянський Адольф Іванович) (* 18th December 1817 in Rudlevo , Zemplén County , now Slovakia , † 19th March 1901 in Innsbruck ) was a Ruthenian ( Ukrainian / Russian ) social and cultural activist, author, politician, governor and fighter for a Ruthenian autonomy in Austria-Hungary .

Adolf Ivan Dobryanský (1865)

Life

Dobrjanský was the son of the local Greek Catholic pastor. He graduated from secondary school in Leutschau in 1832 and studied philosophy and law in Košice and Eger . He then studied mining at the Bergakademie Schemnitz and in Vienna, and from 1847 worked in Bohemian coal fields . There he came into contact with the Czech national movement and returned to his Ruthenian homeland after the Whitsun uprising in Prague .

He lived near Schemnitz and was elected to the Hungarian Diet by the Slovaks who lived there . Faced with reprisals by the Hungarian authorities, he fled to Lviv , where the Ruthenian general assembly met. In 1849 this demanded the unification of all Ruthenians of Eastern Galicia , Bukovina and the Ruthenian counties of Hungary to form an Austrian crown land . Dobrjanský was involved in the Slovak-Ruthenian petition from Jozef Miloslav Hurban on June 7, 1848, in which equality with the Magyars and autonomy within the Kingdom of Hungary was demanded.

After the outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution , Dobryanský returned to Hungary in 1849 as liaison officer and imperial commissioner of the Russian intervention troops . Afterwards he was governor of the four Ruthenian Carpathian districts of Hungary for a short time, when he was able to temporarily implement some of his demands. The Ruthenians were able to use their language in official business; there were also notices and inscriptions in Ukrainian. Due to a serious illness, he was forced to resign after a few months. In 1857 he received the Order of the Iron Crown , 3rd class and was appointed Knight of Sacsurov by the Emperor , and in 1863 he was made a Councilor .

In 1862 Dobryanský and Alexander Duchnovitsch founded the Society of St. John the Baptist for the purpose of educating Russian youth for the future well-being and benefit of the national movement and rebirth . As an author he wrote numerous works on the history, ethnography, religion and the political conditions of the Ruthenians in the Habsburg monarchy . He always works closely with the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church , which is the identity of the Ruthenians and promoted their gradual rapprochement and possible reunification with the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Dobrjanský. He was an advocate of Austro-Slavism , who strived for autonomy within the Habsburg Monarchy, and not a " Pan-Slavist " who strived for the annexation of "Ruthenia" to Russia.

With the passing of the October diploma of Emperor Franz Joseph , which initiated a development that ended with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867, the modest advances made by the Ruthenians in administration and education threatened to be destroyed. Dobrjanský formulated a Ruthenian national program in this situation, which, among other things, called for the formation of a separate voivodeship from the predominantly Ruthenian counties. A Ruthenian state parliament was to be created, and the election of a bishop and senior civil servants for Ruthenians were some of the other demands. Dobrjanský was then expelled as a "Pan-Slavist" from the Budapest Diet.

Dobrjanský, Vienna 1883

Because of the pressure from Budapest in 1867, he retired from political day-to-day business and public service to his estate in Čertižné , near Medzilaborce . The memoranda that he wrote from there to the politically responsible did not change the situation of the Ruthenians. In a failed assassination attempt by Hungarian nationalists on Adolf Dobrjanský in Uzhhorod in 1871 , his son Miroslav (* 1849) was seriously injured.

In 1875 he temporarily emigrated to Saint Petersburg because of the policy of forced Magyarization , in 1881 he went to Lemberg, where he tried in vain to reduce the differences between “Russophiles” and “Ukrainophiles”. In 1882 he, his son Miroslav, his daughter Olga Grabar and others, including simple farmers from Hniliczek, were indicted in a high treason trial in Lemberg ("Hniliczek Affair"). The charge was to plan a secessionist secession of the Ruthenian regions of Austria-Hungary to Russia. The trial ended with an acquittal for Dobrjanský and his family. Through the trial, Polish politicians who ruled Galicia had tried in vain to prove to the central authorities in Vienna the political unreliability of the Ruthenians, their alleged pan-Slavism as "Moscow's agents". The governor of Galicia Alfred Józef Potocki and the archbishop of Lemberg Josyf Sembratowicz had to resign.

Subsequently, Dobrjanský lived in Vienna and Innsbruck, as the administrative authorities had forbidden him to stay in areas with a Slavic majority. Dobrjanský's monumental tomb is located at the Čertižné cemetery. His daughter emigrated with her family to Ismajil in Russia.

literature

A. Rebet: Dobrjans'kyj, Adolf Ritter von . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe. Volume 1, Munich 1974, p. 413 f.

Web links

Commons : Adolf Dobrjanský - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Ivan Žeguc: The national political aspirations of the Carpatho-Rusyns. 1848-1914. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1965, p. 19f.
^ Robert A. Kann : The nationality problem of the Habsburg Monarchy. History and ideas of the national endeavors from the Vormärz to the dissolution of the Reich in 1918. Volume 1: The Reich and the Peoples. Böhlau, Graz / Cologne 1964, p. 420.
↑ Marc Stegherr: The Russian. Cultural-historical and sociolinguistic aspects. (= Slavistic contributions , volume 417) Sagner, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-87690-832-9 , p. 49.
↑ Ivan Žeguc: The national political aspirations of the Carpatho-Rusyns. 1848-1914. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1965, p. 52f.
↑ Marc Stegherr: The Russian. Cultural-historical and sociolinguistic aspects. (= Slavistic contributions , volume 417) Sagner, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-87690-832-9 , pp. 47 and 51.
↑ Dmitrij Markow: The Russian and Ukrainian Idea in Austria. Rosner & Stern, Vienna 1908, p. 17.
↑ History of Čertižné (English)
↑ Vladimir Emmanuilovich Grabar: The history of international law in Russia, 1647-1917. A bio-biographical study. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1990, ISBN 0198254954 , p. Xxxvii.

personal data
SURNAME	Dobrjanský, Adolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Dobrjanský, Adolf Ivan; Dobrjanskyj, Adolf Ivanovyë; Dobryansky, Adolf Ivanovic; Dobrzanski, Adolf Ritter von Sacsurov; Іванович, Добрянський Адольф
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Ruthenian politician in Austria-Hungary
DATE OF BIRTH	December 18, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH	Rudlevo , Semplin county
DATE OF DEATH	March 19, 1901
Place of death	innsbruck

[Zeguc-1] Ivan Žeguc: The national political aspirations of the Carpatho-Rusyns. 1848-1914. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1965, p. 19f.

[2] Robert A. Kann : The nationality problem of the Habsburg Monarchy. History and ideas of the national endeavors from the Vormärz to the dissolution of the Reich in 1918. Volume 1: The Reich and the Peoples. Böhlau, Graz / Cologne 1964, p. 420.

[3] Marc Stegherr: The Russian. Cultural-historical and sociolinguistic aspects. (= Slavistic contributions , volume 417) Sagner, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-87690-832-9 , p. 49.

[4] Ivan Žeguc: The national political aspirations of the Carpatho-Rusyns. 1848-1914. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1965, p. 52f.

[5] Marc Stegherr: The Russian. Cultural-historical and sociolinguistic aspects. (= Slavistic contributions , volume 417) Sagner, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-87690-832-9 , pp. 47 and 51.

[6] Dmitrij Markow: The Russian and Ukrainian Idea in Austria. Rosner & Stern, Vienna 1908, p. 17.

[7] History of Čertižné (English)

[8] Vladimir Emmanuilovich Grabar: The history of international law in Russia, 1647-1917. A bio-biographical study. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1990, ISBN 0198254954 , p. Xxxvii.