Alpine lady's mantle
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Alpine lady's mantle ( Alchemilla alpina ), illustration |
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| Alchemilla alpina | ||||||||||||
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The Alchemilla alpina also Alpine silver sheath , Berg lady's mantle , silver weed , Silbermänteli ( Alchemilla alpina ) is a kind of the genus of lady's mantle ( Alchemilla ). Within the collective species Alchemilla alpina , around 10 small species are distinguished, which, however, are extremely difficult to distinguish taxonomically.
morphology
The alpine lady's mantle is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 5 and 30 centimeters. The stem is prostrate to ascending and the shoots end with a rosette . The leaves are usually 5-7 parts, dark green and glabrous on the top, but silvery hairy on the underside.
The species blooms from June to August in a panicle that forms clusters of flowers . These consist of only 4 (rarely 5) inner sepals . Petals are always missing, the outer sepals are usually also missing. The flowers are yellow-green and reach a diameter of 3 to 4 mm. There are four stamens between the sepals .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = approx. 120, 128 or approx. 140.
Multiplication
Like all lady's mantle species, the alpine lady 's mantle reproduces apomictically , i.e. without pollination, clonally. The seeds arise from diploid cells of the mother plant and functional pollen is not produced. This type of reproduction prevents the exchange of genetic material, and so many small species that can hardly be distinguished from one another have formed.
The next related independent species are the overgrown lady's mantle ( Alchemilla conjuncta ) and the slashed lady's mantle ( Alchemilla fissa ).
Occurrence
The distribution area of alpine lady's mantle covers the mountains of the Iberian peninsula , the Massif Central , Corsica , the Apennines and the Alps , and it disjoint Labrador , Greenland and northern Europe from Iceland over the Faroe Islands , Scotland , Spitsbergen and Fennoscandia to the Urals. The species is found predominantly in the alpine level. In North Tyrol on the Großer Galtenberg it grows at an altitude of 2,444 meters, in Graubünden at 2,500 meters and in Vorarlberg at the Hohen Rad at 2,600 meters. It rarely occurs below 1500 meters. In Lower Valais , North Tyrol and Vorarlberg it occurs from 1300 meters, in Mesocco even at 750 meters.
The alpine lady's mantle grows in subalpine dwarf shrub heaths, alpine meadows, rock corridors and on rubble . In the uppermost coniferous forest region it can be found in clear places. In Vorarlberg the species was found optimally developed in the Silvretta group in vertical crevices together with Campanula Scheuchzeri . It is considered a bit warmth-loving and likes to colonize southern slopes. Alchemilla alpina prefers silicate rock as the substrate , and it rarely occurs on lime if it has a thick layer of humus. It grows on fresh to moderately dry, stony or shallow, lime-free, fine earth, slightly acidic, mostly low-base, humus-rich, fairly nutrient-poor loamy soil.
The species is in the associations Alpine-subalpine Magerrasen ( Nardion ), Arctic-Alpine silicate rock lawns ( Caricion curvulae ), dwarf juniper heaths ( Juniperion nanae ), Vaccinion vitis-idaeae and soil acid alpine rose and bilberry heaths ( Rhododendro-Vaccastinion ) associated with Pinus cembra , Larix decidua , Betula carpatica , Alnus alnobetula , Rhododendron ferrugineum and Vaccinium myrtillus ). In addition, they rarely occurs mainly in the Valais not in dwarf shrub heath soil acidic coniferous forests ( Vaccinio-Piceion ) before, in the company of Hylocomium splendens , Hylocomium umbratum , Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus , Lycopodium clavatum , Lycopodium annotinum , spicant Blechnum , Oreopteris limbo semen , Moneses uniflora , Orthilia secunda , Saxifraga cuneifolia , Melampyrum sylvaticum , Melampyrum pratense and Arnica montana . Braun-Blanquet also specifies it for the Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirentis (Association of Alpine Braungrasrasen ( Seslerion variae )). The Grabherr provided information on the occurrence of amphibolite near Gargellen in Vorarlberg.
Common names
Other names for the alpine lady's mantle , some of which are only regionally used, are or were: Bergsinnaw , Hasenklee ( Bernese Oberland ), Nimm mir Jetzt ( Austria ), Schafsuppen , Silbersienu ( Bern ) and Steinsinnaw ., Silbermantel (Obwalden).
Medical benefit
The alpine lady's mantle has medicinal uses, the plant is rich in tannins , flavonoids and organic acids. It is traditionally used in the treatment of diarrheal diseases.
A (negative) monograph by Commission E from 1992 is available on Alpine women's mantle herb , which has not found evidence of its effectiveness in the claimed areas of application.
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 556.
- ↑ a b c Sigurd Fröhner: Alchemilla . In: Hans. J. Conert et al. a. (Ed.): Gustav Hegi. Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Volume 4 Part 2B: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (3). Rosaceae 2 . Blackwell 1995, pp. 221f. ISBN 3-8263-2533-8
- ^ Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 15
- ↑ Monograph of Commission E online .
literature
- Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe, Volume 3, evening primrose plants to reddish plants. Page 404, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1995. ISBN 3-440-06193-0
Web links
- Alpine lady's mantle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Distribution area within Switzerland
