Mesocco
Mesocco | |
---|---|
State : | Switzerland |
Canton : | Graubünden (GR) |
Region : | Moesa |
BFS no. : | 3822 |
Postal code : | 6563 |
Coordinates : | 737 782 / 139 198 |
Height : | 769 m above sea level M. |
Height range : | 594–3281 m above sea level M. |
Area : | 164.77 km² |
Residents: | 1347 (December 31, 2018) |
Population density : | 8 inhabitants per km² |
Website: | www.mesocco.ch |
Mesocco |
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Location of the municipality | |
Mesocco ( Rhaeto-Romanic Mesauc , German also Misox ) is a municipality in the Moesa region of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland .
geography
The villages of Pian San Giacomo ( 1170 m above sea level ) and San Bernardino ( 1626 m above sea level ) belong to the municipality of Mesocco . To the south of the village, the Castello di Mesocco , situated on a rock spur, dominates the valley. Below the ruin is the church of Santa Maria del Castello , which is important for its art-historically valuable monthly paintings .
The area of the municipality extends up to the Tambohorn ( 3279 m above sea level ) on the main Alpine ridge , which here also marks the border to Italy. Neighboring communities are Rossa , Soazza , Hinterrhein , Nufenen , Splügen as well as Madesimo , Campodolcino and San Giacomo Filippo in Italy.
history
Mesocco Tec-Nev was already inhabited during the Neolithic Age (4500 BC). Mesolithic tools made of flint and ceramic were found by a Neolithic fireplace when the A13 motorway was being built. More solid settlements go back to the Bronze Age and the Pre-Roman Iron Age. A considerable necropolis from the First Iron Age has been excavated in the village. On the Gorda hill there was a Roman settlement and tombs from the early Middle Ages. The place was first mentioned in the 9th century in the Churrätisches Reichsgutsurbar . In 1203 he appeared as Mesoco and in 1383 as Misogg ; later it became Misox in German and Mesauc in Romance.
The ruins of the Castello di Mesocco are still clearly visible today , and from around 1100 to 1480 it served as the mansion of the Barons von Sax and from 1480 to 1549 the Trivulzio , the then lords of Misox . In 1219 the church of S. Maria with its valuable frescoes from 1450 from the workshop of the Seregnesi is mentioned below the castle. The parish church of SS. Pietro e Paolo is also attested in 1219, it was changed in the 17th century and renovated in 1959.
Mesocco was the northernmost of the four fields (Italian: Squadre ) of the Misox High Court and was divided into the four Degagne Crimeo, Cebbia, Andergia and Darba, each of which was led by a consul. In 1480 Mesocco and Soazza voluntarily joined the Gray Covenant . The church of S. Rocco has been occupied since 1538 with the attached hospice, in which Capuchin monks have been active since 1668. Among several chapels are the chapel of S. Giacomo, first mentioned in 1419, S. Giuseppe in Andergia, which served the Evangelicals as a meeting place during the Reformation, and S. Giovanni Nepomuceno in Cebbia, which was destroyed by a flood in 1978 and then rebuilt most famous.
In 1549 the reformer Giovanni Beccaria, who had fled from Locarno , came to the Misox in Roveredo and Mesocco, where he worked as a Protestant teacher and preacher. In 1555 he went into exile in Zurich with the Protestant refugees from Locarno. In 1559 he returned to Mesocco and resumed teaching and preaching in the valley to serve the evangelical congregations. In 1561 he was banished by Mesocco due to Catholic interventions as part of the Counter Reformation and fled to the more tolerant Chiavenna and in 1571 to Bondo , where he worked as a reformed pastor.
Numerous patrician houses date from the 19th century, some of them earlier. After the Second World War, the Isola and Spina hydropower plants were built, the A13 motorway built in the 1960s, the San Bernardino tunnel inaugurated in 1967 and the tourist infrastructure in San Bernardino built so that Misox and the community of Mesocco experienced an economic boom . Nevertheless, agriculture and animal husbandry have retained their importance, as cattle, goats, sheep and pigs continue to be grazed on some alpine pastures.
population
Population development | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
year | 1701 | 1773 | 1802 | 1850 | 1900 | 1950 | 2000 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
Residents | 1013 | 921 | 862 | 1182 | 1173 | 1150 | 1201 | 1225 | 1240 | 1260 | 1297 | 1308 | 1349 | 1354 | 1374 |
traffic
The operation of the Bellinzona – Mesocco railway from Bellinzona to Mesocco, which had existed since 1907, was discontinued in 1972, since then postbuses from Bellinzona and Roveredo GR , San Bernardino GR and Thusis have provided public transport. The main road 13 leads through Mesocco, while the autostrasse 13 is laid out west of Mesocco.
Culture
- Fondazione Archivio a Marca
Attractions
- Catholic parish church of SS. Pietro e Paolo
- Catholic Church of San Rocco
- Trivulzio-a Marca old barracks, around 1500
- Cascella bridge and Nanin bridge on the A 13 by Christian Menn
- Bridge Purlingheni in the district Benabbia
- Church of Santa Maria del Castello from the 12th century
- Castello di Mesocco from the 11th century
- several cup stones
Sports
- Football Club Alta Moesa
Personalities
literature
- Aurelio Ciocco: Mesòcch ei sò sitt. Due secoli di storia dei nomi di luogo e nelle testimonianze locali . Tipo-Offset Jam, Prosìto 2012.
- Luigi Corfù: Microparcellizzazione ed economia idrica: il caso di Mesocco. In: Archivio Storico Ticinese. 2nd series, number 145, Bellinzona 2009, pp. 41–56.
- Rinaldo Giambonini, Agostino Robertini, Silvano Toppi: Mesocco. In: Il Comune . Edizioni Giornale del Popolo, Lugano 1971, pp. 193-204.
- Simona Martinoli and others: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, pp. 494-497.
- Erwin Poeschel : The Art Monuments of the Canton of Graubünden, Volume VI: The Italian Graubünden valleys of Puschlav, Misox and Calanca. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 17). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1945, ISBN 978-3-906131-55-9 .
- Balser Puorger : Misox. In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume 5, Maillard - Monod. Attinger, Neuenburg 1921, pp. 119, 120 ( digitized version ).
- Cesare Santi: Famiglie originarie del Moesano o ivi immigrate . Menghini, Poschiavo 2001, pp. 157-160.
- Cesare Santi: Mesocco (municipality). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . June 15, 2015 .
- Emilio Tagliabue: È davvero esistita la zecca di Mesocco ?. In: Rivista Italiana di Numismatica , anno 1890, fascicolo III, Milano 1890, pp. 369-424.
- Various authors: Mesocco. In: Storia dei Grigioni , 3 volumes, Collana "Storia dei Grigioni", Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2000.
photos
Christian Menn's famous motorway bridges
Castello di Mesocco , view from the south
Web links
- Mesocco on the ETHorama platform
- Website of the municipality of Mesocco
- Pro Grigioni italiano website
- Federal inventory ISOS: Mesocco (PDF; 4.9 MB)
- Catalogo ASTI, Mesocco at www3.ti.ch/DECS/dcsu/ac/asti/cff/ (accessed on March 5, 2018). 120 Mesocco: ASTi, catalogo dei fondi fotografici
- Mesocco on elexikon.ch
- Cesare Santi: Tre donazioni fatte a Mesocco nell'aprile del 1448.
- Cesare Santi: Accordi e liti tra Mesocco e Soazza.
- Cesare Santi: Il confine tra Soazza e Mesocco nel 1444.
- Mesocco on elexikon.ch
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Coira Visita al Museo Retico (Italian) on e-periodica.ch (accessed on 17 January 2017).
- ^ Emidio Campi: Beccaria, Giovanni. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 2, 2002 .
- ↑ Rudolf Pfister : For the sake of faith. The Evangelical Refugees from Locarno and their admission to Zurich in 1555. Evangelischer Verlag, Zollikon 1955, pp. 39–40
- ↑ Cesare Santi: Mesocco (municipality). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . June 15, 2015 .
- ^ Fondazione Archivio a Marca on archivioamarca.ch
- ^ Catholic parish church of SS. Pietro e Paolo
- ↑ Catholic Church of San Rocco
- ^ A b Simona Martinoli and others: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History , Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, ISBN 978-88-7713-482-0
- ^ Franco Binda: Il mistero delle incisioni. Armando Dadò editore, Locarno 2013
- ^ Football Club Alta Moesa